introduction to electroencephalography (eeg)tt/csci690611/eeg_intro_lecture.pdf · introduction...
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Introduction to Electroencephalography (EEG)
http://www.scholarpedia.org/wiki/images/3/31/Eeg.jpg
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Outline
● Introduction & History● Neurophysiological Basis of EEG● Recording Standards● Applications● Example ERP Study
http://www.ricercaitaliana.it/images/rif/PRIN/2005027850_002/c_imm_0003.jpg
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Introduction
● EEG: electrical activity recorded via electrodes on the scalp
● High temporal resolution (millisecond scale) and low spatial resolution
● Relatively cheap neuroimaging technique
http://www.blogcdn.com/www.engadget.com/media/2007/01/1-16-07-eeg.jpg
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Brief History● Vladimirovich (1912)
● first animal EEG study (dog)
● Cybulski (1914)● first EEG recordings of induced seizures
● Berger (1924)● first human EEG recordings● 'invented' the term electroencephalogram (EEG)
● American EEG Society formed in 1947● Aserinsky & Kleitman (1953)
● first EEG recordings of REM sleep (Swartz & Goldensohn, 1998)
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Hans Berger (1924)
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Neurophysiological Basis of EEG
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Neurophysiological Basis of EEG● Single neuron activity is too small to be picked
up by EEG● EEG reflects the summation of the synchronous
activity of many neurons with similar spatial orientations
● Cortical pyramidal neurons produce most of the EEG signal
● Deep sources (subcortical areas) are much more difficult to detect than currents near the skull
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Scalp EEG Recordings
http://psyphz.psych.wisc.edu/~greischar/BIW12-11-02/neurons.jpg
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Recording Standards
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EEG Systems
http://www.scholarpedia.org/wiki/images/1/10/Electroencephalogram_figHead.jpg
http://www.thecnnh.org/ACEC/images/jimmysmile_phan.jpg
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Electrode Placement
http://www.bbci.de/competition/ii/albany_desc/image004.jpg
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Electrode Placement
(Blinowska & Durka, 2006)
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Recording EEG Signals
http://universe-review.ca/I10-63-EEG.jpg
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Referencing
http://www.ebme.co.uk/arts/eegintro/eeg2.htm
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Perfect Reference?
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Effect of the Reference Electrode
(Murray et al., 2008)
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Applications
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EEG Rhythms
(Pinel, 2011)
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Characteristic EEG rhythms, from the top: delta (0.5–4 Hz), theta (4–8 Hz), alpha (8–13 Hz), beta (13– 30 Hz).
(Blinowska & Durka, 2006)
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Brain-Computer Interfaces
http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/brain-computer-interface-2.gifhttp://loverev.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/bci-eeg-surgery.jpg
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Event Related Potentials (ERPs)
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ac/ComponentsofERP.svg/2000px-ComponentsofERP.svg.png
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ERPs
(Blinowska & Durka, 2006)
Average auditory ERP and visual ERP in logarithmic time scale, showing the commonly recognized components.
Auditory components marked by roman numbers are the brainstem-evoked responses (BAEP). They are followed by mid-latency exogenous components (MAEP).
The first peak in exogenous visual ERP comes from ERG (electroretinogram).
Exogenous ERPs exhibit modality–specific features
Endogenous ERP are similar in both modalities.
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Event-related potentials (ERP)
(Pinel, 2011)
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Comparing ERP Components Across Conditions
http://www.scholarpedia.org/wiki/images/3/31/Eeg.jpg
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Example ERP Study
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Inhibition of Return (IOR)
(Klein, 2000)
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IOR and ERPs
(Klein, 2004)
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Spatiotopic vs. Retinotopic IOR