introduction to foundations engineeringbartlett/cveen5305/introduction to foundation... ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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Introduction to Foundations Engineering
Steven F. Bartlett, Ph.D., P.E.
“Why You Should Study
Geotechnical Engineering”
or
“Who Needs a Foundation
Engineer Anyway???”
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Foundation Engineer
Geotechnical engineer who specializes in the design and construction oversight of foundations and retaining structures.
Foundation engineers are called upon to determine the best way of transferring structural loads from buildings, bridges, machines, highway signs, etc. to soil and rock in a safe and economical manner
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Grand Challenges in Engineering
http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/cms/challenges.aspx
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Restore and Improve Infrastructure
In 2005, the American Society of Civil Engineers issued a report card, grading various categories of U.S. infrastructure. The average grade was D.It is no secret that America’s infrastructure, along with those of many other countries, is aging and failing, and that funding has been insufficient to repair and replace it. Engineers of the 21st century face the formidable challenge of modernizing the fundamental structures that support civilization.
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Restore and Improve Infrastructure
Keys to improving / restoring infrastructure
• FASTER•Engineers must learn to design and construct systems in a more efficient manner.
• CHEAPER•Systems must be constructed in a more economical manner.
• SMARTER• More environmentally friendly• More sustainable• Reusable• Recycleable
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Foundation Engineering Tools
• Engineering Science• Soil and Rock Mechanics
• Codes and Standards• AASHTO and IBC
• Experience• Design and Construction
• Publications• ASCE JGGE
• Short Courses• Computing
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Foundation Types
• Shallow Foundations• Deep Foundations
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Shallow Foundation (Types)
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Shallow Foundation – Spot Footing
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Shallow Foundation – Spread Footing
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Shallow Foundations
Mat Foundation
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Shallow Foundations
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Driven foundations1.1 Pile foundation systems1.2 Monopile foundation
2 Drilled piles2.1 Under reamed piles2.2 Augercast pile2.3 Pier and grade beam foundation
3 Speciality piles3.1 Micropiles3.2 Tripod piles3.3 Sheet piles3.4 Soldier piles3.5 Suction Piles3.6 Adfreeze Piles3.7 Vibrated Stone Columns
4 Piled walls4.1 Secant piled walls4.2 Slurry walls
Deep Foundation (Types)
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“Driven” Pile Foundations
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Offshore Pile Foundations
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Soldier Pile and Lagging
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Drilled pier has no outer shell, just reinforcement
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Foundations – Deep Footings
Drilled Shaft
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Cast in place pile has metal outer shell
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Micropiles
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Cassions
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Examples of Geotechnical ProjectPetronas Towers Foundations
Location: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Completion Date: 1998
Cost: $1.6 billion
Height: 1,483 feet
Stories: 88
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Petronas Towers Foundations
Concrete mat
Pile Foundation
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Examples of Geotechnical ProjectsGolden Gate Bridge Foundations
Location: San Francisco and Sausalito, California, USA
Completion Date: 1937
Cost: $27 million
Length: 8,981 feet
Type: Suspension
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Golden Gate Bridge (Marin Pier)1. Start rock dike (Coffer)
2. Crib dike part that is in water (timber box filled w/ rock and set in place).
3. Install sheet piling.
4. Pump area dry.
5. Construction foundation on rock surface exposed below water level.
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Retaining Structures
Common Types
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Retaining Structures
Gravity Retaining Wall
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Retaining Structures
Gravity Retaining Wall
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Retaining Structures
Gravity Retaining Wall
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Retaining Structures
Cantilevered Retaining Wall
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Retaining Structures
Crib Wall
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Retaining Structures
2-Stage MSE Retaining Wall
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Retaining Structures
2-Stage MSE Retaining Wall
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Retaining Structures
2-Stage MSE Retaining Wall
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Sheetpiles – Coffer Dam
Retaining Structures
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Pumping inside Coffer Dams
Retaining Structures
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Retaining Structures
Contiguous Bored Pile Wall
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Retaining Slopes
Slope Reinforcement with Geotextile
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Geofoam Walls / Embankment
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Geofoam Walls / Embankment
Concrete Load Distribution Slab
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Ground Modification (cont)
Vibro-concrete
DynamicCompaction Mini piles
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Ground Modification(Ground Improvement)
CompactionGrouting
Vibro-compaction
Vibro-replacement
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Ground Modification (cont)
vibropier
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Ground Modification (cont)
Geopier with bar
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Ground Modification (cont)
geopier
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Ground Modification (cont)
Lime cement columns
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Ground Modification (cont)
Lime cement columns
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Questions