introduction to history of architecture_lecture 01
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History of architectureTRANSCRIPT
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Introduction
• What is history?
• derived from the Greek noun ’historia’ meaning “inquiry or research”
• The branch of knowledge dealing with past events.
• The record of past events and times, especially in connection with the human race.
• The bodies of knowledge about the past produced by historians, together with everything that is involved in the production, communication of, and teaching about that knowledge.
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Introduction
• What is Architecture?
• Latin: architectura, from the Greek: arkhitekton:
"chief builder”.
• It is both the process and the product of planning,
designing, and constructing buildings and other
physical structures.
• The art and science of designing buildings
• The planning and designing form, space and
ambience to reflect functional, technical, social,
environmental and aesthetic considerations.
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Introduction
• What is Architecture?
• Architecture provides a sense of place and
support of all types of human activity.
• Architecture is a passion, a vocation, a calling –
as well as a science and a business. It has been
described as a social art and also an artful
science.
• The act of artfully placing complex forms in
remote locations to be photographed for
magazine covers.
• Architecture is “frozen music”
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Introduction
• What is Architectural History?
• The history of architecture traces the changes in
architecture through various traditions, regions,
overarching stylistic trends, and dates.
• Architectural history is the discipline that records,
studies and interprets architecture.
• It studies its forms, purposes, and most
importantly its evolution.
• Fortunately, ancient architecture can easily be
observed and recorded.
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Introduction
• What is Architectural History?
• Architectural history falls within the broad category of social sciences.
• The study of architectural history helps one to understand the landscape and urban built environment,
• beginning with ancient times and progressing to contemporary life.
• Understanding such history is important in fostering appreciation for how surrounding structures affect our lives in a broader cultural context.
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Relevance of Architectural History
• Architecture is the most lasting evidence of
human culture.
• It is ever-changing as we are influenced by our
interactions with the environment and with each
other.
• These structures become an expression of
ourselves and in turn become a part of us.
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Relevance of Architectural History • The history of architecture is an important and
integral part of the THEORY of architecture the
understanding of one building, contributes to the
understanding of the other buildings.
• It provides architects and architecture students
with a broad general exposure to the visual &
technical design of architecture as manifestations
of culture in a historical context.
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Relevance of Architectural History
• the history of architecture is important because it
helps us to understand how architecture
influences society and its culture over time.
• the study of historical architecture also helps to
stimulate the creative juices in the minds of the
students.
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Relationship of Architecture & History
• The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD.
• According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas, which translate roughly as –
• Durability – it should stand up robustly and remain in good condition.
• Utility – it should be useful and function well for the people using it.
• Beauty – it should delight people and raise their spirits.
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Relationship of Architecture & History“Durability”
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Relationship of Architecture & History“Utility”
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Relationship of Architecture & History“Beauty”
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Relationship of Architecture & History
• Architecture - the art of designing and
constructing buildings - has always been closely
intertwined with the history for various reasons:
• Aesthetics
• Consolidate security and power
• Culture and religion
• Technology
• Urban form
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• Aesthetics
• Architecture is considered a visual art like
painting and sculpture.
• Architects design buildings using a creative
process by which they manipulate art elements to
create a unified and pleasing artistic statement.
• These distinctive design elements are evident in
the periodic architectural styles and movements.
Relationship of Architecture & History
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CONSOLIDATE SECURITY AND POWER
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Consolidate security and power
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L’ Aquila, Spain
Consolidate security and power
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Nurnberg , Germany
Consolidate security and power
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Hirschhorn am Neckar, Germany
Consolidate security and power
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The Forbidden City, Beijing.
Senate building, Washington DC, USA
Consolidate security and power
Museum, Kyrgyzstan
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Victoria Memorial Hall, Kolkata, India. Windsor Castle, England
Consolidate security and power
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Palace of Versailles, Paris Mont Saint Michel, France
Consolidate security and power
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CULTURE AND RELIGION
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Parthenon, Athens, Greece
Ziggurat, western Iraq
Culture and religion
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Florence cathedral, Italy
The Cathedral of Notre-Dame, France
Culture and religion
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Mosque in Djene, Mali
Pyramid of Giza, Egypt
Culture and religion
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TECHNOLOGY
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Order, proportion, and refinement
of design
Temples built to honour their
gods, surrounded by open
porticos (porches) and columns
Development of the truss system,
a triangulated load-bearing
construction to allow for sloped
roofs.
The triangle formed by the truss is
called a pediment
Technology
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Doric
(Plain square capital on top of columns)
Ionic
(Capital with spiral design called a volute)
Corinthian
(Capital with two rows of acanthus leaves)
Development of a system of naming the design and details of columns.
These classical order of architecture are still used today, they includes:
Technology
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Development of the concrete arch , dome and vaulted roof
Technology
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Development of pilasters (Columns partially embedded in the walls)
Technology
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URBAN FORM
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Urban form
Ancient Babylon
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Acropolis, Athens
Urban form
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Palmanova,italy
Geometric forms
Urban form
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Urban form
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