IntroductiontoHorticultureLizWoodwardMoPriceSanDiegoCountyMasterGardenersClassof2010

HorticultureDefined

• hortus (garden)+colere (tocultivate)• CultureofGardensvs.FieldsofCrops• Fruits,Vegetables,Ornamentals,Herbs,SpecialtyCrops

CarlLinnaeus1707-1778

CharlesDarwin1809-1882

5KingdomsofLivingOrganisms

WhatisaPlant?

• MemberofthekingdomPlantae• Living,immobile,noconscious• Rigidcellwallsmadeofcellulose• Canregeneratelosttissuesandorgans• Carryoutphotosynthesis• Theyareabletomaketheirownfood(autotrophs)

MonocotsDicots

Angiosperms

TheEvolutionofPlants

BotanicNomenclature

Purpose,Pronunciation& Format

WhyuseBotanicNames?

• Botanic names use the same language worldwide: Latin

• Botanic names do not havemultiple meanings

• Many botanic names havespecific meaning

What’sinaLatinname?alba – whitealpestris - alpinebellus – beautifulbroccolo – flowering topcaerule – dark bluecandicans – hairy or woolycereus - waxycoccineu – scarletcordata – heart shapedcrassu – fleshy, thickdulcis – sweetedulis – edible

ferox – very thornyflavens – yellowishglaber – smooth; without hairsheli – sunimbricata – overlapping,like scalesingens – enormousobesus – fatphylla – leaves (pertaining to)repens – crawling, creepingericeus - silkyserpens – creeping, snakelikevulgaris - common

• PoisonOak• SilkyOak• SheOak

They are NOT oaks.

Whatdothese3plantshaveincommon?

• CaliforniaPepper• FalsePepper• PeppercornTree

They are all the same plant & native to Peru.

Whatdothese3plantshaveincommon?

PronunciationFacts• Horticulturists don’t always agree on pronunciation

• Individual botanists rarely are completely consistent in pronunciation

• People tend to pronounce names the way they first learned them regardless of any subsequently encountered info

Canyousay:

Chrysanthemum?

(kris-AN-the-mum)

BotanicNamePronunciationHow do you say: Tomato? Basil? Protea?

Alyogyne huegelii?Try this web site: davesgarden.com

DOMAIN

PHYLUM

KINGDOM

CLASS

FAMILY

ORDER

GENUS

SPECIES

HierarchyofBiological

Classification

Genus

species

‘hybrid’Var,x

•1,064,400species• speciesislowercase& initalics

•17,000Genera•GenusisCapitalized& inItalics

Family •640Families• Suffixof:aceae

•Countlesshybrids,sub-species,variations,tradenames,etc.

Format

Cinnamomum camphoraCamphortree

Persea americanaAvocadotree

Laurus nobilisBayLaureltree

PlantFamily:Lauraceae

Family: Lamiaceae(lay-mee-AY-see-ee)

• Mint Family•Flavorful herbs

•Many with square stemsLavandula • Lavender(Genus) (lav-AN-dew-lah)

stoechas • Spanishlavender(species) (STOW-kass)

‘OttoQuast’ • Nameofpersonwhodiscoveredthishybrid(‘Hybrid’)

Lavandula stoechas ‘OttoQuast’’

CommonAbbreviationsLavandula stoechas,Lavandula canariensis, Lavandula dentata

or…..Lavandula stoechas,L.canariensis, L.dentata

Lavandula sp. – Usedwhenreferringtoone unknownspeciesofLavandula

Lavandula ssp. – Usedwhenreferringtomany unknownspeciesofLavandula

AnotherHelpfulWebSite

Tropicos.orgSearch for Botanic Names…all Genera within a Family,

all Species within a Genus, etc.A Web Site of Missouri Botanical Garden

PLANTSTRUCTURE

MERISTEMS

ApicalMeristems- Primarygrowth- Occursinrootsandshoots- Increaseinlength

LateralMeristems- Secondarygrowth- Occurincambium&similartissue- Commonintrees(woodandbark)- Increaseingirth(width)

Primaryvs.SecondaryGrowth

ROOTS

FunctionofRoots

• Takeupwaterandnutrients• Storeexcessfood• Anchortheplant• Synthesizeessentialcompounds• Reproductiveorgan

RootAnatomy

TypesofRoots

Taproot –absorbswaterdeepintheground(rootvegetables,trees)Fibrous rootsstayclosetothetopofthesoil(beddingplants,tomato)Adventitious rootshelpanchorplantorhelpplantclimb(strawberries,ivy,somegrasses)

STEMS

StructureofaSeedPlant

Zylem tissueconductswater&dissolvedmineralnutrientsfrom

therootsupward.

PlantVascularTissuePhloemtissueconductsphoto-

syntheticallyproducedfood&othercompoundsfromtheleavestoother

plantparts– up&down.

vascularbundle

phloemxylem

epidermis

Monocot

PlantVascularTissue– MonocotCrossSection

Lily’s,grasses,palms,etc.

PlantVascularTissue– DicotCrossSection

Woody

hardwoodorpithxylem

phloemcambium

Herbaceous

xylemphloem

Corm

StolonorRunner

StemModifications:VegetativeSpread

BulbRhizome

Tuber

StemorLeaf?

Opuntia sp.Acaciaaphylla

LEAVES

StipuleStipule

PartsofaLeaf

LeafArrangements

LeafKey

Photosynthesis

Respiration

Transpiration

FLOWERS

FlowerForms

LantanaInflorescence

WhyDoPlantsHaveFlowers?

Platycerium sp.Staghornfern

Amorphophallus paeoniifolius 'BlackStathe‘Elephantfootyam

Pistil(Female)

Ovary

Stigma

Style

Ovules

Anther

FilamentStamen(Male)

Pedicle(orPedicel)

Petal

Sepal

Receptacle

APerfect flowerhasthePistil &Stamen onthesameflower.

PerfectFlower

Pollen

Female- Pistillate Male- Staminate

AnImperfect flowerhasaPistil orStamen,butnotonthesameflower.

ImperfectFlower

STIGMASTAMEN

SexandtheZucchini

4CommonSituations

FlowerType:PerfectPlantType:Bisexual/

Hermaphroditic

FlowerType:ImperfectPlantType:Monoecious

FlowerType:ImperfectPlantType:DioeciousMalePlant:Staminate

FlowerType:ImperfectPlantType:DioeciousFemalePlant:Pistillate

Flowers& TheirFruit

Macadamiasp.

SolanumlycopersicumTomato

Kigelia africanaSausageTree

Musasp.Banana Pisum sativum

GardenPea

SEEDS

AnatomyofaSeed

TypesofSeeds

SeedDispersal

ClassificationofPlants

• GrowthHabit– annuals,perennials,biennials• StructureorForm– woody,herbaceous,vine,shrub,tree• LeafRetention– evergreen,deciduous• ClimaticAdaptation– tropical,subtropical,temperate• Use– ornamental,edible,native

What’sThatBloomin’Thing?

Purpose

• LearntoidentifycommonplantsinS.D.County

• IncreaseyourknowledgeofPlantFamilies

Procedure• Youwillbegivenapresentationschedule

• Bepreparedatleastoneweekaheadtoallowtimeforadditionalpresentations

• Youcanswapyourplant/datewithanothertrainee’splant/date

HaveFun&KeepitSimple!

Procedure• Oralpresentationwillbefourminutesmaximum.

• Reportonlythedistinguishing,significant,unusual,andfascinatingaspectsofyourplant.

• Provideawritten1-2pagereporttobeuploadedtotheTrainingWebsite.

HaveFun&KeepitSimple!

Procedure

• Youcandothefollowing:

• Bringplantsamples

• DoaPowerPoint

• Drawyourflower

HaveFun&KeepitSimple!

“What’sThatBloomin’Thing?”

TheEnd