aya's prop/Int to Ling (1)*INTRODUCTION TO LINGUISTICS

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aya's prop/Int to Ling (1)*Lingua Linguistics

Linguistics : Scientific study of language

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aya's prop/Int to Ling (1)*LanguageA set of signals by which we communicateHighly organized system in which each unit plays an important part which is related to other partsA system of arbitrary vocal symbol used by the member of the group to communicate/interact and to identify themselvesLanguage is a phonic medium (also graphic medium) to convey message. It includes how something is communicated and what is being communicated

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aya's prop/Int to Ling (1)*Main Functions of LanguageAs a means of communication1. Interactional Function, It has to do with how human beings use language to interact with each other socially or emotionally. How they indicate friendliness, cooperation, hostility, annoyance, pain, or pleasure. 2. Transactional functionWhereby human beings use their linguistics abilities to communicate knowledge, skills, and informationAs part of our identity

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aya's prop/Int to Ling (1)*Characteristics of LanguageLanguage is a system systematic & Systemic (sound, meaning, system of the language)Language is a system of symbols/signsLanguage is meaningful (related to life aspects)Language is conventionalLanguage is a system of sound (written is secondary)Language is arbitraryLanguage is productiveLanguage is uniqueLanguage is universalLanguage is learned

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aya's prop/Int to Ling (1)* III I II

RemarksWorld of SignWorld of MeaningSystem of LanguageSystem of Language

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aya's prop/Int to Ling (1)*Differences of speech & WritingPhonic MediumComposed of SoundsMakes use of intonation, pitch, rhythm, tempoProduced effortlessly no tools requiredTransitoryPerceived by the earAddressee presentImmediate feedbackMeaning helped by context, gestures etcSpontaneousAssociative Graphic MediumComposed of letters/signsMake use of punctuation & other graphological devicesProduced with effort tools requiredRelatively PermanentPerceived by the eyeAddressee absentFeedback delayedMeaning must be made clear within the contextNot SpontaneousLogical

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aya's prop/Int to Ling (1)*Speech is primary, because;Writing is relatively recent development in human societiesThousands of speech communities rely solely on speechAll of us speak a great deal more than we writeAlthough we acquire speech without conscious effort, learning to read and write is usually less spontaneous and less automatic

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aya's prop/Int to Ling (1)*Properties of LanguageDisplacementarbitraryproductivitycultural transmissionDiscretenessDuality

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aya's prop/Int to Ling (1)*Nature of LanguageLanguage is a complex phenomenonLanguage is beyond the total grasp of an individualLanguage is both shared and private phenomenonLanguage is dynamicEach language has its own systemNo language is superiorNo language is homogeneous

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