introduction to linux

Sub-Zero Level

www.medhatdawoud.com

Medhat Dawoud

The Guide before starting Linux (History & Install)

Med7atDawoud

Med7atDawoud

This session will split into 2 sections

The First section is intro to open source culture and the

history of Linux and its features.

The Second section is practical in which we will start the

festival with installing Linux on our machines and got your

free Linux CD

Intro to the Culture of

FLOSS

• FLOSS = Free Libre Open Source Software.

• This type of software uses a GPL or open source licences.

• What it gives you?

– Freedom to use

– Freedom to examine

– Freedom to redistribute

– Freedom to modify

• What it doesn’t let you do?

– Deny these freedoms to anyone else

Linux History Timeline1969

1990

1991

1992

1993

1997

1998

1999

2002

2003

2008

Today

These are the most

effective years in Linux

life the session will be

as a time line with

some interest

Are You Ready To

Listen To The History

of Linux?

Ok, … let‟s GO

1969Unix Birth Year

• Unix was born.

• Unix is an operating system.

• Linux is a clone of Unix so we should

know actually what is Unix and it‟s

features.

• The open source culture was found.

• The GPL License was found by Richard

Stallman

What is Unix?

• The Internet was built on UNIX.

– TCP/IP is a native UNIX protocol.

– Today 80% of the worlds Internet Web servers are

using Linux.

What is Unix?

• Unix has commonly been used for the past

40 years.

– It was created in 1969 - long before Microsoft

existed.

– It was the 1st worldwide commercial operating

system.

What is Unix?

What is Unix?

Unix has always commonly been

used on mainframes

Today as “Linux” it is also commonly

Being used on PC‟s as

servers & desktop

Features in Unix

• It was able to be run by various types of

CPU‟s

– Before Unix vendors commonly wrote their own

Operating systems.

– Which ran just on their own CPU’s and

equipment.

– Unix was written to be able to run on many

different types of CPU’s

Unix was one of the first OS to supply:

a simple user interface.

simple utilities or commands

that can be combined to

perform powerful functions.


a permanent hierarchical file

system.

simple interface to connect

new devices to the OS.

multi-user functions.


multi-process system

functions.

which was architecturally

independent.

All of which was permanent

and transparent to the user.

1990GNU

Richard Stallman

• One of the people who started this “open” philosophy.

• Has nearly completed his new GNU operating system based on the UNIX system.

– He had most of the modules but was still missing the main part !

– The kernel.

• He used C Programming language to write the code of GNU.

1991Linux Kernel Creation

Linus Travalds

1. Creates the Linux kernel based

on the source code of Miniux

which he studied at university.

2. Choose the Penguin to represent

his kernel.

1. He did not write an entire

operating system.

2. When complete Linux kernel was

released under the GPL license.

3. He used C Programming language to write the Kernel.

1992New OS was Born

GNU/Linux

• The Linux kernel is combined with the

already created GNU modules &

utilities and now becomes a fully

useable operating system.

• So you should know that nobody owns

Linux and most of it‟s developments

are made by unpaid volunteers.

• And the distributions was starting

opening.

Now Linux Users are about

1000Linux Users

1993Internet explosion

Internet explosion starts and

there‟s also an ISP explosion

which cause‟s the 1st viable

Linux commercial application

Apache Web Server


500,000Linux Users

1997Catheral & Baazar

Eric Raymond writes a paper called the

„Catheral & Baazar‟

in which he analyzes the development &

differences of the „proprietary‟ software model

verse the „opensource‟ software models.

– The article takes the IT industry by storm.

– Eric Raymond becomes a front man for the new open source

movement.

– Netscape director reads the article and in direct response

freely releases the source code of the Navigator software.

• Netscape is the 1st large company to go opensource.


800,000Linux Users

Many Linux Distributions Appear

This will discussed later in this Event

but for example we have:

(RedHat Linux, SuSE Linux, Debian, Turbo Linux,.. etc)

1998Linux got a great support

• Linus, Linux & the open source movement starts

becoming commonly known. And gaining

momentum.

• Linus appears on TV.

• On the front of the Forbes Business Magazine.

• IBM, Oracle, Compaq, SAP + others announce

their support for Linux.


1.5 MillionLinux Users

1999First Conference

•1st Linux World Conference

6000 people attend

•Linus delivers the opening and

keynote presentation.

•Red Hat goes public

2002Fedora Birth

• Red Hat splits into 2 versions– RHEL - their enterprise/business version with

which you purchase support.

– Fedora – their home version with no

support.

2003Novell buys SuSE

• Novell buys SuSE Linux for $210 million

• IBM is now the most powerful backer of Linux.

– To counterbalance the world of Linux they make a 50 million dollar investment in Novell.

– SuSE becomes the major enterprise competitor to Red Hat.

– SLES - their enterprise/business version with which you purchase support

– OpenSuSE – their home version with no support

2008Linux has gone fully mainstream

Today Linux has grown from being a

hacker/home developed OS to being

accepted world wide

– It is highly regarded and runs many many major

enterprises.

– Many sites are now also using it on their client

machines.

– Over 80% of web servers run Linux.


20 to 30 MillionLinux Users

TodayLinux is the most accepted OS

Linux became the

most accepted OS for

universities‟ students and

Entrepreneurs because

it‟s free and safe and

suitable for them


91 MillionLinux Users

according to www.mrpogson.com

Note ThatThese Statistics are

measured by counting

number of machines

connected to the internet

that run GNU/Linux

The 2nd section of the session

is to install Ubuntu 11.10 on

our machines step by step

Screen Shots for installing Ubuntu 11.10

Follow the steps to get a new Ubuntu

installed on your machine directly

and then practice it your self :)

First step : Get Ubuntu 11.10

from the registration disk if

you didn't got it yet

It's free

Second step

Make sure that you have at least 8 GB free

space on your hard disk.

• We will make 2 GB for the swap Partition.

• And the other 6 GB for installing Ubuntu and

other Packages later.

Step 3

Put the Ubuntu CD into your CD Room.

Play it.

And Reboot your machine.

Note That

the Ubuntu will be loaded into the memory

if you choose to try it life CDand run as a

now as we will see in the practical view in

the next few minutes.

Then the screen will appear like this

Click on the super key or

click the menu button and

write GParted

This will view the following

Program for Partitioning

4ext: I created the Note That

partition and the Linux-swap

partition .. in the practice will be

explained

So we can format the partition to

Ext4 File System and mark the

Mount Point to / (root)

Select the language

Here is some options

Ubuntu is smart enough to keep

your data :)

Then select the ext4 partition to mount

from and then press install now

The installation is started and

there are some options to select

your city to handle the time

Select Your Keyboard layout

Your personal information

Installation in progress

Installation still in progress

Installation complete .. restart now

Medhat Dawoud

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