introduction to material by sohaib anwar
TRANSCRIPT
Materials Science Materials Science EngineeringEngineering
Dr. Holly J. MooreDr. Holly J. Moore
VistaVistaLearning Management SystemLearning Management System
SyllabusSyllabus
ScheduleSchedule
Updated regularlyUpdated regularly
Homework will be available onlineHomework will be available online Solutions Manual in LabSolutions Manual in Lab
PowerPointPowerPoint
Sample TestsSample Tests
Contact InfoContact Info
Office hoursOffice hours TBDTBD Room SI-021Room SI-021
Phone 957-4418Phone 957-4418
Text BookText Book
The Science and Engineering of MaterialsThe Science and Engineering of Materials Donald AskelandDonald Askeland 5th Edition5th Edition
The 4th Edition is also adequateThe 4th Edition is also adequate
Try www.addall.comTry www.addall.com
GradingGrading
4 tests at 100 pts each4 tests at 100 pts each
Online quizes at 10 to 20 pts eachOnline quizes at 10 to 20 pts each
Turn in homework 5 times, for 20 pts eachTurn in homework 5 times, for 20 pts each No late homework is accepted!!!No late homework is accepted!!!
Final at 200 ptsFinal at 200 pts
Lab Notebook – 8 labs @10 pts eachLab Notebook – 8 labs @10 pts each
Extra CreditExtra Credit
Up to 50 pts of extra credit availableUp to 50 pts of extra credit available Read Michael Crichton’s book Read Michael Crichton’s book AirframeAirframe and and
write a “book report”.– 25 ptswrite a “book report”.– 25 pts Share a current event related to Materials Share a current event related to Materials
Science with the class – 10 ptsScience with the class – 10 pts Bring in examples of engineering materials we Bring in examples of engineering materials we
are discussing in class – 10 ptsare discussing in class – 10 pts Do an in class demonstration - variableDo an in class demonstration - variable
Extra CreditExtra Credit
Arrange a field trip or a guest speaker – 25 Arrange a field trip or a guest speaker – 25 ptspts
Discuss other ideas with me.Discuss other ideas with me.
Don’t wait until the last week of class.Don’t wait until the last week of class.
Remember – the max is 50 pts.Remember – the max is 50 pts.
Civil EngineersCivil Engineers
We’ll finish at MidtermWe’ll finish at Midterm
You will only have three tests, plus a 100 You will only have three tests, plus a 100 pt finalpt final
Your maximum extra credit is 25 pts.Your maximum extra credit is 25 pts.
You are welcome to stay for the remainder You are welcome to stay for the remainder of the class for extra credit or just for of the class for extra credit or just for interestinterest
ExcelExcel
You need to be able to use a spread sheet to do You need to be able to use a spread sheet to do some of the homework problems in the later some of the homework problems in the later portions of the classportions of the class
Feedback from the University of UtahFeedback from the University of Utah
Need a book, or use the one on reserve in the Need a book, or use the one on reserve in the Math Lab.Math Lab.
Spreadsheet Tools for Engineers-Excel 97Spreadsheet Tools for Engineers-Excel 97
Available from Amazon for ~$12Available from Amazon for ~$12
Materials ScienceMaterials Science
Chapter 0 and Chapter 1Chapter 0 and Chapter 1
Why Study Materials Science?Why Study Materials Science?
Everything is made out of somethingEverything is made out of somethingThe properties of the available materials The properties of the available materials determine how it can be useddetermine how it can be usedRecent advances have resulted in a wide Recent advances have resulted in a wide variety of new materials with new variety of new materials with new properties that have changed how we properties that have changed how we build things.build things.
What are some examples?What are some examples?
Composites made with Carbon Composites made with Carbon NanotubesNanotubes
Bicycle used in the 2005 Tour de France – the frame is made with a Carbon Nanotube composite www.nanotechweb.org
Photomicrograph of an electrically conductive Carbon Nanotube – Polypropylene compositehttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2008/02/080208182237.jpg
www.wikipedia.org
If you don’t understand how and If you don’t understand how and why materials behave the way they why materials behave the way they do, design mistakes are inevitabledo, design mistakes are inevitable
Shuttle ChallengerShuttle Challenger
Bruce Weaver / AP file
Click on picture to see a movie
Challenger CrewChallenger Crew
Ellison S. Onizuka, Sharon Christa McAuliffe, Greg Jarvis, and Judy Resnik.
In the front row from left to right: Michael J. Smith, Dick Scobee, and Ron McNair.
The photo is S85-44253 from the Johnson Space Center, or GPN-2000-001173 at the Great Images in NASA archive.
Orbiter
Solid Rocket Boosters (SRB’s)
External Tank SRB’s were SRB’s were designed and designed and manufactured manufactured in Utah by in Utah by Morton-Thiokol Morton-Thiokol – now ATK– now ATKIf you get a If you get a chance, be chance, be sure to attend sure to attend one of the one of the occasional test occasional test firings at firings at PromontoryPromontory
Stiffening Rings
Dr. Richard FeynmanDr. Richard Feynman
Famously Famously demonstrated the demonstrated the effect of cold on a effect of cold on a sample of the o-ring sample of the o-ring materialmaterial
What happened?What happened?
When the SRB was When the SRB was pressurized, the joint bent – pressurized, the joint bent – as expectedas expectedUnder normal temperatures Under normal temperatures the o-ring would have the o-ring would have expanded to keep the seal expanded to keep the seal intactintactThe temperatures were too The temperatures were too cold – below the glass cold – below the glass transition temperature for the transition temperature for the rubber – so the rubber was rubber – so the rubber was brittlebrittleHot gas blew past the o-ring, Hot gas blew past the o-ring, ultimately resulting in failureultimately resulting in failure
Some small o-rings
Overnight cold air blasted the aft field O-ring
Notice the puff of black smoke apparent at lift-off
The escaping gas acted like a blow torch aimed at the external tank
What does this have to do with What does this have to do with Materials Science?Materials Science?
In particularIn particular In this course we will learn about the effect of In this course we will learn about the effect of
temperature on material propertiestemperature on material properties We’ll talk about glass transition temperatures We’ll talk about glass transition temperatures
in polymers, ceramics and metalsin polymers, ceramics and metals
In general we’ll study how and why In general we’ll study how and why materials behave the way they do – materials behave the way they do – something you’d better understand when something you’d better understand when you are an engineeryou are an engineer
We are interested in what We are interested in what determines a material’s determines a material’s
properties and how to create properties and how to create materials with the properties materials with the properties
we wantwe want
Properties a Designer Might Be Properties a Designer Might Be Interested InInterested In
Mechanical StrengthMechanical Strength
DuctilityDuctility
Impact ResistanceImpact Resistance
Behavior at temperature extremesBehavior at temperature extremes
Thermal ConductivityThermal Conductivity
Electrical ConductivityElectrical Conductivity
Optical PropertiesOptical Properties
Corrosion ResistanceCorrosion Resistance
Key RelationshipsKey Relationships
Material Material properties depend on the depend on the material material microstructure, which in turn are which in turn are influenced by itsinfluenced by its composition, nanostructure and and processingg
Composition Nanostructure
ProcessingMicrostructure
ApproachApproach
Study microstructures, starting with the Study microstructures, starting with the smallest, and working upsmallest, and working up
Look at the effect of composition on Look at the effect of composition on microstructuremicrostructure
Look at the effect of processing on Look at the effect of processing on microstructuremicrostructure
Connect how microstructure relates to Connect how microstructure relates to propertiesproperties
Where to Start?Where to Start?
The atomThe atom
Atomic bondingAtomic bonding
The different ways that atoms bond to The different ways that atoms bond to each other affects their propertieseach other affects their properties
The different classes of materials are The different classes of materials are different because they are bonded different because they are bonded together differentlytogether differently
5 classes of materials5 classes of materials
MetalsMetals
CeramicsCeramics
PolymersPolymers
CompositesComposites
SemiconductorsSemiconductors
I’ll ask you this on a test
Even without studying these materials you probably have a pretty good idea of how they behave
What Properties are What Properties are Characteristic of each Characteristic of each
Material Type?Material Type?
MetalsMetals CeramicsCeramics PolymersPolymers
StrongStrong StrongStrong Usually not strongUsually not strong
DuctileDuctile BrittleBrittle Very ductileVery ductile
Electrical Electrical ConductorConductor
Electrical InsulatorElectrical Insulator Electrical InsulatorElectrical Insulator
Heat ConductorHeat Conductor Thermal InsulatorThermal Insulator Thermal InsulatorThermal Insulator
Not transparentNot transparent May be transparentMay be transparent Not transparentNot transparent
ShinyShiny Heat ResistantHeat Resistant Low DensitiesLow Densities
Composites are a combination of Composites are a combination of propertiesproperties
Semiconductors have unique Semiconductors have unique electrical propertieselectrical properties
We’ll focus on We’ll focus on MetalsMetals, and , and CeramicsCeramics
Move on to polymers and compositesMove on to polymers and composites
Leave Semiconductors for another classLeave Semiconductors for another class
Design Thought ExerciseDesign Thought Exercise
In closing today let’s do a design thought In closing today let’s do a design thought exercise – from a materials science point exercise – from a materials science point of viewof view
How Would You Design a How Would You Design a Coffee Cup?Coffee Cup?
CriteriaCriteria
Available MaterialsAvailable Materials
CostCost
For Next TimeFor Next Time
Read and review Chapter 1Read and review Chapter 1
Read Chapter 2Read Chapter 2