introduction to materials science &...

Department of Materials Engineering at Isfahan University of Technology

Introduction to Materials Science & Engineering

Course Objective...Introduce fundamental concepts in MSE

You will learn about:• material structure• how structure dictates properties• how processing can change structure

This course will help you to:• use materials properly• realize new design opportunities

with materials

a


Lecturer: Hamidreza Salimi JaziTime: Sat and Mon 3.5-5 PM

Activities:• Present new material• Announce reading and assignment

• Take quizzes and Final exam

b

LECTURES

• Seminar


Teaching Assistants will• participate in recitation sessions,• have office hours to help you with course material

and problem sets.

Name_____

Office_____

Tel. E-mail_____

d

TEACHING ASSISTANTS

Department of Materials Engineering at Isfahan University of Technology f

COURSE OUTLINEWeek of Mehr 4thINTRODUCTORYAtomic Structure and Interatomic Bonding

Week of Mehr 11thAtomic Bonding in SolidsCrystal Structures, Assignment # 1

Week of Mehr 18thCrystallographic Points, Directions and Planes

Week of Mehr 25thCrystalline and Noncrystalline MaterialsQuiz # 1

Week of Aban 2ndStructure of PolymersDefects in Solids

Week of Aban 9thDiffusion, Assignment # 2


COURSE OUTLINEWeek of Aban 16thMechanical Properties of Metals

Week of Aban 23rdMechanical Properties of Metals, Assignment # 3

Week of Aban 30thFailure

Week of Azar 7thFailure, Quiz # 2

Week of Azar 14thPhase DiagramIron-Carbon System

Week of Azar 21stApplication and Processing of Metals and Alloys, Assignment # 4Seminars

Week of Azar 28thSeminars and Review

Department of Materials Engineering at Isfahan University of Technology g

GRADING

Assignment = 4 x 5% =20%Quiz = 2 x 10% = 20%Seminar = 20% (10% instructor, 10% students)Final Exam = 40%

Seminar:SubjectAny subject in the field of materials science and engineering such as Case study in relationship between structure and properties, manufacturing method, …. Due date: Aban 2nd

ReportMax 10 pages, 1.5 line spacing, font 12 times or equivalent in Farsi or Englishincluded but not limited to:Cover page, Abstract, Introduction, Discussion, Conclusion, ReferencesDue date: Azar 14th

Department of Materials Engineering at Isfahan University of Technology f

COURSE MATERIAL

• Materials Science and Engineering an Introduction, William D. Calister

• The Science and Engineering of Materials, Donald R. Askeland

• Principles of Materials Science and Engineering, William F. Smith

1. تويسرکانی حسين . اصول علم مواد

2. هر کتابی با عنوان علم مواد


Materials Science and Engineering

What is Materials Science and Engineering??


Engineering is Doing?

• Engineers use science and math to design new products and services

• Engineers solve problems• They make the world a better place


Science or Engineering?• Scientists try to understand the world as it exists and expand that

knowledge• Engineers take that knowledge and apply it to create new products

and solve problems• Engineers operate at the interface between science and society


Materials Science and Engineering?

Materials Science:Investigation the relationship between structure and properties of materialsCreate new Materials

Materials Engineering:Based on the relationship between the structure and properties, designing the structure to produce the set of predetermined properties. Create new Products from existing materials

Polymer Molecule Superconductor structure


Materials Science and Engineering?

The discipline which studies the relationships between the structure, properties, processing and performance of materials and uses this knowledge to produce materials which meet society’s needs.


Science or Engineer ?


Materials Classes and sectors

Progress in other areas of science and technology is made possible by new materials developments

• Metals• Ceramics• Amorphous Materials• Composites• Polymers• Electronics• Nanomaterials• Biomaterials• Semiconductors


Material Structures


Materials Engineering Jobs• Automotive• Aerospace• Nuclear Energy• Process Metallurgy• Oil and gas• Chemical Performance• Electronic Manufacturing• Biomaterial manufacturing• Food Processing• Engineering Consulting• ………..


Structure is related to the arrangement of its internal components

engineered structures...not blackboxes!

Structure...has many dimensions...

Structural feature Dimension (m)

Subatomic Level: atomic bondingAtomic level: missing/extra atomsCrystal levelsecond phase particlescrystal texturing

< 10 -10

10-10

10-8 -10-1

10-8 -10-4

> 10-6

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CHAPTER 1: MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING


Materials Properties

Property of material is the kind and magnitude of its response to a specific imposed stimulus.


ex: hardness vs structure of steel• Properties depend on structure

Data obtained from Figs. 10.21(a)and 10.23 with 4wt%C composition,and from Fig. 11.13 and associateddiscussion, Callister 6e.Micrographs adapted from (a) Fig.10.10; (b) Fig. 9.27;(c) Fig. 10.24;and (d) Fig. 10.12, Callister 6e.

ex: structure vs cooling rate of steel• Processing can change structure

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Structure, Processing, & Properties

Cooling Rate (C/s)

100

200

300

400

500

600

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000

(a)

30 μm

(b)

30 μm

(d)

30 μm(c)

4μm

Har

dnes

s (B

HN

)


1. Pick Application Determine required Properties

2. Properties Identify candidate Material(s)

3. Material Identify required ProcessingProcessing: changes structure and overall shapeex: casting, sintering, vapor deposition, doping

forming, joining, annealing.

Properties: mechanical, electrical, thermal,magnetic, optical, deteriorative.

Material: structure, composition.

3

The Materials Selection Process


T (°C)-200 -100 0

Cu + 3.32 at%Ni

Cu + 2.16 at%Ni

deformed Cu + 1.12 at%Ni

1

2

3

4

5

6R

esis

tivity

, ρ

(1

0-8

Ohm

-m)

0

Cu + 1.12 at%Ni

“Pure” Cu

• Electrical Resistivity of Copper:

• Adding “impurity” atoms to Cu increases resistivity.• Deforming Cu increases resistivity.

4

Adapted from Fig. 18.8, Callister 6e.(Fig. 18.8 adapted from: J.O. Linde,Ann Physik 5, 219 (1932); andC.A. Wert and R.M. Thomson,Physics of Solids, 2nd edition,McGraw-Hill Company, New York,1970.)

ELECTRICAL


• Space Shuttle Tiles:--Silica fiber insulation

offers low heat conduction.

• Thermal Conductivityof Copper:--It decreases when

you add zinc!

Composition (wt%Zinc)Ther

mal

Con

duct

ivity

(W

/m-K

)

400

300

200

100

00 10 20 30 40

5

Fig. 19.0, Callister 6e.(Courtesy of LockheedMissiles and SpaceCompany, Inc.)

100 μm

Adapted fromFig. 19.4W, Callister 6e. (Courtesy of Lockheed Aerospace Ceramics Systems, Sunnyvale, CA)(Note: "W" denotes fig. is on CD-ROM.)

Adapted from Fig. 19.4, Callister 6e.(Fig. 19.4 is adapted from Metals Handbook: Properties and Selection: Nonferrous alloys and Pure Metals, Vol. 2, 9th ed., H. Baker, (Managing Editor), American Society for Metals, 1979, p. 315.)

THERMAL


• Magnetic Permeabilityvs. Composition:--Adding 3 atomic % Si

makes Fe a betterrecording medium!

Magnetic FieldMag

netiz

atio

n Fe+3%Si

Fe

Adapted from C.R. Barrett, W.D. Nix, andA.S. Tetelman, The Principles ofEngineering Materials, Fig. 1-7(a), p. 9,1973. Electronically reproducedby permission of Pearson Education, Inc.,Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.

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Fig. 20.18, Callister 6e.(Fig. 20.18 is from J.U. Lemke, MRS Bulletin,Vol. XV, No. 3, p. 31, 1990.)

• Magnetic Storage:--Recording medium

is magnetized byrecording head.

MAGNETIC


• Transmittance:--Aluminum oxide may be transparent, translucent, or

opaque depending on the material structure.

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Adapted from Fig. 1.2,Callister 6e.(Specimen preparation,P.A. Lessing; photo by J. Telford.)

single crystalpolycrystal:low porosity

polycrystal:high porosity

OPTICAL


• Stress & Saltwater...--causes cracks!

• Heat treatment: slowscrack speed in salt water!

4μm--material:7150-T651 Al "alloy"(Zn,Cu,Mg,Zr)

Adapted from Fig. 11.20(b), R.W. Hertzberg, "Deformation and Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials" (4th ed.), p. 505, John Wiley and Sons, 1996. (Original source: Markus O. Speidel, Brown Boveri Co.)

8

Adapted from Fig. 17.0, Callister 6e.(Fig. 17.0 is from Marine Corrosion, Causes, and Prevention, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1975.)

Adapted from Fig. 11.24,Callister 6e. (Fig. 11.24 provided courtesy of G.H.Narayanan and A.G. Miller, Boeing CommercialAirplane Company.)

“held at 160C for 1hr before testing”

increasing loadcrac

k sp

eed

(m/s

) “as-is”

10-10

10-8

Alloy 7178 tested in saturated aqueous NaCl solution at 23C

DETERIORATIVE


• Use the right material for the job.

• Understand the relation between properties,structure, and processing.

• Recognize new design opportunities offeredby materials selection.

Course Goals:

9

SUMMARY

introduction to materials science &...

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