Introduction to Medical Imaging

Pietro Gori and Isabelle BlochEnseignant-chercheur

Equipe IMAGES - Télécom Paris - IP Parispietro.gori@telecom-paris.fr

September 18, 2019

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History of medicine

Humours: Until 19th century western medicine was based on Galen’stheory of humours, or principal fluids: black bile, yellow bile, phlegm(strange liquid related to tumors), and blood

Healing included physical and spiritual therapeutics like herbs, healthydiet, cleaning, meditation, prayers, musicIt was understood that environment influenced the humoursHowever they also used leeches (sangsue)...

De Humani Corporis Fabrica - 1543: series of books of AndreasVesalius on human anatomy (University of Padova). Great and clearillustrations of the human anatomy.19th century: advances in technology and science make moresystematic the analysis of symptoms for diagnosis (e.g. stethoscopeinvented in 1816 by René Laennec at the Necker-Enfants MaladesHospital in Paris.)

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History of medicine

Before 19th century: anatomical and functional study of humanbody is based on the strategy open, examine, report.

During 19th-20th century: externaltools are used to probe the humanbody (non invasive). For instance,neurosurgeon Penfield stimulated thebrain of conscious patients withelectrical probes and observed theirresponses → cortical homunculus

Figure 1: Image taken from Wikipedia.

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History of medicine

During 20th century: Medical imaging transforms clinical practiceand research ! We can now see inside the human body in anon-invasive way !

1895: first X-ray image(Rontgen)1940-1950: medicalultrasonography1973: first Magnetic Resonanceimaging on a animal1990: development of nuclearmedicine

Figure 2: Image taken from Wikipedia.

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Medical Imaging

There are different medical imaging techniquesEach technique is based on different physical principles and can beused to analyze only specific tissues/organs/functions of the humanbodyDifferent techniques give different results → choice depends on whatyou want to do/analyzeYou need to understand the physical principles behind theimaging modalities to correctly analyze/interpret the resultingimages !

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Medical ImagingIn this course, you will learn about:

X-ray imaging

Ultrasound imaging

Magnetic Resonance imaging

and much more...P. Gori and I. Bloch BIOMED 18/09/2019 6 / 9

Complex and multi-disciplinary topic

PhysicsMathematicsComputer ScienceBiologyMedicine, AnatomyNeuroscience, PsychologyEngineer - Doctor communicationand the patient....

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Research in medical imaging

Reconstruction, DenoisingImprove qualitySegmentation, Detection, ClassificationModelingVisualizationFusion of Information among modalitiesComputer-aided tools for clinicians...

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Research in medical imaging

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