introduction to openstack

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National Chung Cheng University Dept. Computer Science & Information Engineering 2016 Mobile All-IP Networking Laboratory OpenStack 鄭鄭鄭 [email protected] 1

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Page 1: Introduction to OpenStack

National Chung Cheng UniversityDept. Computer Science & Information Engineering

2016 Mobile All-IP Networking Laboratory 1

OpenStack鄭廷軒

[email protected]

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National Chung Cheng UniversityDept. Computer Science & Information Engineering

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Cloud Service

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Cloud Service

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OpenStack What is OpenStack?Open Source Cloud Software

mostly deployed as an infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS)

Combines compute, network and storage resourcesWeb portal for cloud admins and self-service usersCloud services exposed through APIs

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OpenStack ReleasesRelease name Release date Included Component code names[45]

Austin 21 October 2010[106][107] Nova, SwiftBexar 3 February 2011[108] Nova, Glance, SwiftCactus 15 April 2011[109] Nova, Glance, SwiftDiablo 22 September 2011[110] Nova, Glance, SwiftEssex 5 April 2012[111] Nova, Glance, Swift, Horizon, Keystone

Folsom 27 September 2012[112] Nova, Glance, Swift, Horizon, Keystone, Quantum, Cinder

Grizzly 4 April 2013[113] Nova, Glance, Swift, Horizon, Keystone, Quantum, Cinder

Havana 17 October 2013[114] Nova, Glance, Swift, Horizon, Keystone, Neutron, Cinder, Heat, Ceilometer

Icehouse 17 April 2014[115] Nova, Glance, Swift, Horizon, Keystone, Neutron, Cinder, Heat, Ceilometer, Trove

Juno 16 October 2014[116] Nova, Glance, Swift, Horizon, Keystone, Neutron, Cinder, Heat, Ceilometer, Trove, Sahara

Kilo 30 April 2015[117] Nova, Glance, Swift, Horizon, Keystone, Neutron, Cinder, Heat, Ceilometer, Trove, Sahara, Ironic

Liberty 16 October 2015[118] Nova, Glance, Swift, Horizon, Keystone, Neutron, Cinder, Heat, Ceilometer, Trove, Sahara, Ironic, Zaqar, Manila, Designate, Barbican, Searchlight

Mitaka* 7 April 2016[119] Nova, Glance, Swift, Horizon, Keystone, Neutron, Cinder, Heat, Ceilometer, Trove, Sahara, Ironic, Zaqar, Manila, Designate, Barbican, Searchlight, Magnum

Newton Scheduled6 October 2016[120]

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OpenStack產業界應用 (一 )

CERN 使用了 5 千臺運算節點來執行 OpenStack 環境, 4,800 臺執行 KVM ,而 200 臺則執行 Hyper-V 虛擬化平臺,共有 16 萬個核心,來執行 13 萬個 VM 。目前有 2千位研究人員使用,建立了超過 2,300 個專案。

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OpenStack產業界應用 (二 ) 日本發生地震後,在數十秒內,日本雅虎資料中心的網路流量瞬間暴增為平時尖峰的 3 倍,如何事先打造出一套可以應付這種瞬間爆量的基礎架構,是日本雅虎資料中心面臨的一大挑戰。 由於 OpenStack 軟體上的效能改進,單櫃伺服器所能執行的虛擬機器,也從 400 個提高到單櫃 2,000 個。 日本雅虎目前部署了超過 20 個 OpenStack 叢集,總儲存容量達 20PB(10 的 15 次方 byte) ,可用性能達到 99.996%。

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OpenStack users PayPal / eBay NASA Yahoo! HP Public Cloud Wikimedia Labs Cisco WebEx more…(http://www.openstack.org/user-stories)

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Before we start

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虛擬化技術 現今雲端運算上的虛擬化技術,主要是將原本運作在實際伺服器上的伺服器作業系統,變成在虛擬化的軟體上執行,因此在硬體故障時,這些伺服器系統便可以很容易地移轉到另外一台已設置好虛擬化軟體的硬體上,系統不需要重新安裝與設定,新硬體與舊硬體也不必是相同規格,可以大幅簡化伺服器的管理。 開放原始碼上主流的虛擬化技術大致上分兩種 :

硬體虛擬化( Hardware Virtualization ) 作業系統層級的虛擬化技術( Operating System-level

Virtualization )

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硬體虛擬化技術 硬體虛擬化的架構是用軟體建立一個模擬真實電腦硬體的虛擬機器( Virtual Machine ),而原本執行在實際電腦硬體的作業系統,則運作執行在這個虛擬機器上,虛擬機器內運行的作業系統與實際的電腦硬體之間,會有軟體介面隔離控制這些虛擬機器對硬體的存取。 進行硬體虛擬化的系統軟體則被稱作 Hypervisor 或虛擬機器管理員( Virtual Machine Manager ), Hypervisor 因為主要是在控制虛擬機器的運作,又被稱為虛擬機器監視器( Virtual Machine Monitor ),縮寫為 VMM 。 OpenSource:

KVM Xen Virtual box

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硬體虛擬化實現方式 目前主流的虛擬化實現方式有兩種 :

Type1:VMM 直接運行在硬體上控制所有硬體並管理使用者操作系統系統,例如 :Xen 、 VMware ESXi 。 Type2:VMM 運行在一個傳統的作業系統裡,例如 :KVM 、 VirtualBox 。

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作業系統層級的虛擬化技術 作業系統層級虛擬化技術的架構,則是藉由讓作業系統核心可以建立多個隔離的使用者空間運作實體技術來達成,使用者在這些隔離的使用者空間中運作,感覺就像在實際獨立的環境內運作一樣,而這些隔離的使用者空間運作實體又被稱為容器( Containers )、虛擬化引擎( Virtualization Engines , VE )、虛擬私有伺服器( Virtual Private Servers , VPS )或叫囚室( jails )。 作業系統核心同時也提供管理這些運作實體使用資源的機制,避免單一運作實體使用系統資源過度,而影響到其他運作實體。 OpenSource:

Docker OpenVZ

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Linux Container Linux Container 技術是一個內建於 Linux 的新一代虛擬化技術,不同於虛擬機器是一整臺實體電腦的虛擬化, LXC 則是應用程式的虛擬化。 LXC 將應用系統打包成一個

Container ,裡面只包含了應用程式的程式碼、所需作業系統核心和函式庫,透過統一的命名空間和共用 API 來分配不同應用程式所在 Container 的可用硬體資源,來創造出應用程式的獨立沙箱執行環境。因為 LXC 技術不需要多一個 Hypervisor 軟體層,因此, Container 容量小且輕量化,可以在數秒內建立應用程式所需的執行環境,遠快於利用傳統虛擬化技術需要數分鐘才能建立虛擬機器的時間。 Docker 因為提供了簡易好用的工具及環境,因此成為新崛起且非常熱門的 Linux 作業系統層級虛擬化技術, OpenStack計畫開始將 Docker整合進入其雲端平台中。

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OpenStack 六個基礎元件

SWIFT

KEYSTONE

NOVA

NEUTRON

CINDER

GLANCE

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How they work

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• Flavor• Access and Security• Instances

Management• Resource Usages• Hypervisors• Host Aggregates• Quota Management• System Information

NOVA

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• Networking

• Load Balance

• VPNaaS• Firewall• SDN

NEUTRON

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Neutron 中的虛擬化網路 Neutron 為 Tenant 提供了虛擬化的網路、子網路、埠口、交換器、路由器等網路元件。 Layer 2 Network:網路 (Network) 是一個隔離的第二層網段,類似實體網路中的 VLAN ,它被用來建立 Tenant 的廣播區域,或是共享網段。埠口 (port) 與子網路 (subnet) 將在之間被分配給某個特定網路。 Neutron network 可以分為 :

Provider network :管理者建立的一個直接與實體網路連接的網路。 Tenant network:一般使用者建立的網路,由 Neutron 根據管理者的在系統中設定決定網路的分配。

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Neutron network 網路類型VLAN networkFlat networklocal networkGRE network VXLAN network

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Controller

CEPH Gluster LVM

NFS Others

• Block Device

• Need Format

• Can be transfer

CINDER

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Cinder架構圖

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• Object Storage Service

• Backup StrategyAccount

Container Container Container

AccountAccountObjects

AccountAccountObjects

AccountAccountObjects

SWIFT

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• Image Service• Golden images• QCOW2

GLANCE

COM1

COM2

GLANCE

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• CLI• Dashboar

d• APIs• SDKs• Call

someone

如何操作

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• Load Balancer • Application Cluster• Database Cluster• Auto Scaling (Heat + Ceilometer +

Neutron)

Networking

Compute

Controller

Storage

API-Servers

Agents

Cloud Application

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Instance Instance instanceAPCluster

DBCluster Instance Instance instance

LBaaS (Pool-DB)

Heat

Ceilometer

Neutron

LBaaS (Pool-AP)

Cloud Application

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Before we Implementation

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Service Layout

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OpenStack實際操作

以下部分內容截自 山姆哥的 OPENSTACK講座 :https://samopenstack.hackpad.com/OpenStack-cL1NICJ4kiS

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Dashboard Overview

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ProjectPanel Account

OpenStack環境介紹

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Admin FuncsAdmin Function

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Users and AdminUsers and Admin

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National Chung Cheng UniversityDept. Computer Science & Information Engineering 個人設定

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網路管理 (Neutron)與應用• Topology• Networks• Routers• Load Balancers• Firewalls

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National Chung Cheng UniversityDept. Computer Science & Information Engineering網路拓墣 (Topology)

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National Chung Cheng UniversityDept. Computer Science & Information Engineering建立網路

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建立網路

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建立網路

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建立路由器 (vRouter)

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建立路由器 (vRouter)

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建立路由器 (vRouter)

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Private network

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Private network

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Private network

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National Chung Cheng UniversityDept. Computer Science & Information Engineering映像檔 (Glance)

GLAN

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映像檔 (Glance)

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National Chung Cheng UniversityDept. Computer Science & Information Engineering儲存管理 (Cinder)

CINDER

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National Chung Cheng UniversityDept. Computer Science & Information Engineering儲存管理 (Cinder)

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National Chung Cheng UniversityDept. Computer Science & Information Engineering儲存管理 (Cinder)

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National Chung Cheng UniversityDept. Computer Science & Information Engineering儲存管理 (Cinder)

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VolumeVolume

Snapshot#1

Volume Snapshot

#2

VolumeSnapshot

#N

儲存管理 (Cinder)

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National Chung Cheng UniversityDept. Computer Science & Information Engineering儲存管理 (Swift)

SWIFT

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儲存管理 (Swift)

Account

Container

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Account

Container

AccountAccount

Objects

儲存管理 (Swift)

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National Chung Cheng UniversityDept. Computer Science & Information Engineering儲存管理 (Swift)

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實例管理與應用 (Nova)NOVA

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實例管理與應用 (Nova)

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Account & Password or

Account & Keypair

Which Port U need?

Security Group

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Security Group

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Security Group

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• Security Group– Ingress– Egress

Iptable (ACL)

Instance

Instance

Instance

Instance

Security Group

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Security Group

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Security Group

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Security Group

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Key Pair

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Key Pair

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Create Instance - 1

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Create Instance - 2

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Create Instance - 3

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Create Instance - 4

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Create Instance - 5

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Floating IPA floating IP address and a private IP address can be used at the same time on a single network-interface. The private IP address is likely to be used for accessing the instance by other instances in private networks while the floating IP address would be used for accessing the instance from public networks.

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Floating IP

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Floating IP

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Floating IP

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Snapshot

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Snapshot

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SnapshotGLANCE

Training

Snapshot

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SWIFT

KEYSTONE

NOVA

NEUTRON

CINDER

GLANCE

REST/HTTP API

OpenStack API

cURL

REST clients

OpenStack command-line

client

OpenStack Python Software Development

Kit (SDK)

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• Account / Password / Project• Token• Basic: List / Create / Update /

Delete• Rules, Format and More• How To Read API Reference

SWIFT

KEYSTONE

NOVA

CINDER

GLANCE

NEUTRON

OpenStack API

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Account / Password /Project

curl -s -X POST http://172.24.6.2:5000/v2.0/tokens \-H "Content-Type: application/json" \-d '{"auth": {"tenantName": "'"admin"'",

"passwordCredentials": {"username": "'"admin"'","password": "'“openstack"'"}}}' | python -m json.tool

http://172.24.6.2:5000/v2.0/tokensVersion behaviors

Parameters

Header

Json tool

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….."token": {

"audit_ids": [ "JLVyyouFT1m_x2jyKBVJ9Q"

],"expires": "2016-03-

11T14:35:55Z","id": "4f671279f5204a2f8f9e56c19dfd10d7",

"issued_at": "2016-03-11T13:35:55.445199",

"tenant": {"description": "admin tenant",

"enabled": true,"id": "8193f0399daf4a02a9019a51d23c7bec",

"name": "admin"}

},…….

Token

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Basic: List / Create / Update / Delete

Flavor Listcurl -s \-H "X-Auth-Token: 4f671279f5204a2f8f9e56c19dfd10d7" \ http://172.24.6.2:8774/v2.1/8193f0399daf4a02a9019a51d23c7bec/flavors \| python -m json.toolNetwork Listcurl -s \-H "X-Auth-Token: 4f671279f5204a2f8f9e56c19dfd10d7" \ http://172.24.6.2:8774/v2/8193f0399daf4a02a9019a51d23c7bec/os-tenant-networks \| python -m json.toolKeypair Listcurl -s \-H "X-Auth-Token: 4f671279f5204a2f8f9e56c19dfd10d7" \ http://172.24.6.2:8774/v2/8193f0399daf4a02a9019a51d23c7bec/os-keypairs \| python -m json.tool

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Basic: List / Create / Update / Delete

Image Listcurl -s-H "X-Auth-Token: 4f671279f5204a2f8f9e56c19dfd10d7" \http://172.24.6.2:8774/v2/8193f0399daf4a02a9019a51d23c7bec/images \| python -m json.tool

Security Group Listcurl -s-H "X-Auth-Token: 4f671279f5204a2f8f9e56c19dfd10d7" \ http://172.24.6.2:8774/v2/8193f0399daf4a02a9019a51d23c7bec/os-security-groups \| python -m json.tool

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Celiometer-資料監控計量套件 Ceilometer 提供 OpenStack 雲端服務可藉由監控與量測

OpenStack 的使用,來收集 CPU 與網路的使用資料,以提供收費計價( Billing )、評測( Benchmarking )等使用,或是使用這些資料當作評估系統延展性以及進行系統相關統計之用。

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Celiometer實際操作比較方式 (lt, le, eq, ne, ge, gt)

Alarm處發條件屬性度量週期

Alarm處發條件用什麼數據和 threshold比較 (max, min, avg, sum, count)

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Heat-編排模板套件 Heat 主要提供一個以模板( Templeate )為基礎的架構來描述雲端的應用,模板中可以讓使用者建立如虛擬映像實體( Instance )、浮動 IP 位址、安全群組( Security

Group )或是使用者等 OpenStack各種資源,也就是說,Heat 讓使用者可以設定一個雲端應用模板,來串連建立設定相關所需的 OpenStack 服務資源,而不必一個個分別去建立設定。Example.yaml

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Designate-DNS管理服務(DNSaaS)

Designate 提供了 DNSaaS 服務於 OpenStack 上,包含以下幾項功能: 使用 REST API 管理 domain/record 多租戶整合 Keystone 驗證 以框架來整合 Nova 與 Neutron 的通知(自動產生記錄)支援立即可用的 PowerDNS 與 Bind9

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LBaaS

HAProxy

LBaas 為 OpenStack Neutron 提供的負載平衡即服務( Load Balance as a Service , LBaaS )。負載平衡是分散式系統的基本元件,接收來至前端的 HTTP Request ,然後將這些 Request 以某種演算法或規則來轉送給後端資源池中的某個單元來完成。

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Live migration Live migration refers to the process of moving a running

virtual machine or application between different physical machines without disconnecting the client or application. Memory, storage, and network connectivity of the virtual machine are transferred from the original guest machine to the destination.

Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_migration

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OpenStack Live migration

Shared storage-based live migration - Both hypervisors have access to shared storage.

Block live migration - No shared storage is required. Incompatible with read-only devices such as CD-ROMs and Configuration Drive (config_drive).

Volume-backed live migration - Instances are backed by volumes rather than ephemeral disk, no shared storage is required, and migration is supported (currently only available for libvirt-based hypervisors ex. KVM , Xen can’t).

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Live Snapshot The snapshot command takes a cold snapshot of the instance

disk. There are some use cases where it is useful to be able to snapshot the memory and processor state as well to be able to do a quick-launch of the instance. Note that booting from this special type of snapshot can be tricky, as the guest will need to reconfigure some things like its IP.

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Distributed Virtual Router

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National Chung Cheng UniversityDept. Computer Science & Information Engineering

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Distributed Virtual Router

Page 100: Introduction to OpenStack

National Chung Cheng UniversityDept. Computer Science & Information Engineering

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Reference• http://www.netadmin.com.tw/article_content.aspx?

sn=1412020002• http://www.ithome.com.tw/news/90440• http://www.ithome.com.tw/news/98304• http://docs.openstack.org• https://samopenstack.hackpad.com/OpenStack-cL1NICJ4kiS

Page 101: Introduction to OpenStack

National Chung Cheng UniversityDept. Computer Science & Information Engineering

2016 Mobile All-IP Networking Laboratory 101

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