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AMDOCS > CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE SYSTEMS INNOVATION
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Introduction to Network Services
Yossi Nygate, PhD
VP Strategy and Architecture
July, 2011
AMDOCS > CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE SYSTEMS INNOVATION
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Comparing Network Technologies
> Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH), SONET, (PDH)
> Extremely High Speed – up to 100GB
> Long distance connectivity, highly reliable
> Dedicated bandwidth – connection oriented (trails)
> Architecture: Rings and Lines
> Use of multiple colors – Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM)
> Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), Frame Relay (F/R)
> Integrated support for QoS
> Applicable for Voice, Data, Video
> Connection oriented (PVC, SVC)
> Fairly reliable
> Up to 2.5GB
> Flexible but inefficient and expensive
> Architecture: Hierarchical
> Internet Protocol (IP)
> Very High Speed – up to 10GB
> Connectionless
> No QoS, poor reliability
> Simple, ubiquitous, and inexpensive
> Architecture: Directed Acyclic Graph
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Multi Layered Services
Layer 1
Optical - DWDM
Layer 3
IP Network
Layer 2
ATM/FR
Layer 1.5
SDH/SONET
Layer 7
Application
Vendor A Vendor B Vendor C
Vendor D Vendor E
Vendor F Vendor G
Vendor H
Vendor K
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ATM Based 3GPP UMTS
ATM AAL2/VC/VP
Aggregation Switch
RNCNode B
RBS 001OLO Switched/Leased Network
Underlying SDH / SONET Network Underlying SDH / SONET Network
SDH VC12 / SONET VT1.5
PDH E1 / T1
SDH VC12 / SONET VT1.5
IMA
Copper Link / Microwave
Copper Link / Microwave
PDH E1 / T1
ATM Bearer
ATM Bearer
3786Kbps
8929cps
149760Kbps
353207cps
149760Kbps
353207cps
ATM VP ATM VP (non AAL2)VPI
VPI
Range
ATM VPC (non AAL2)
857Kbps
2020cpsCoS
2929Kbps
6906cpsCoS
VPI
VPI
Range
3786Kbps
8929cps
AESAAESA
RangeAESA
VCI
Range
VCIATM VC - O&M
ATM VCC (AAL5) – O&M
CoS8.48Kbps
20cpsCoS
VCIATM VC - Sync
ATM VCC (AAL0) - Sync
0.212Kbps
5cpsCoS
0.212Kbps
5cpsCoS
VCIATM VC - NBAP
ATM VCC (AAL5) - NBAP
424Kbps
1000cpsCoS
424Kbps
100cpsCoS
VCIATM VC – Q2630
ATM VCC (AAL5) – Q2630
424Kbps
100cpsCoS
424Kbps
1000cpsCoS
8.48Kbps
20cps
IP AddrIP
Range
Iub RFS
Service
RBS001
PNNI
Domain
ATM VC – R99 User Data
ATM VCC (AAL2) – R99 User Data
1688Kbps
3980cpsCoS
1688Kbps
3980cpsCoS
ATM VC – HSDPA User Data
ATM VCC (AAL2) – HSDPA User Data
1241Kbps
2926cpsCoS
1241Kbps
2926cpsCoS
8.48KbpsCoSTo OSSIP (O&M)
ATM VP ATM VP (AAL2)VPI
2929Kbps
6906cpsCoS
2929Kbps
6906cpsCoS
VPI
ATM VPC (AAL2)
VCI
Range
ATM VC – R99 User Data
ATM VC – HSDPA User Data
VCI
VCI
Range
VCIVCI
VCI
A2EA
RANGE
A2EA A2EAA2EA
3840Kbps
9056cps
3840Kbps
9056cps
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The Public Switched Telephone Network
> The first networks were the Telephone Networks
> The Public Switched Network (PSTN/POTS) was designed to provide voice telephony service
> Telephone Standards are set by the ITU and National Standards organizations
> The Network Elements:
> The Telephone (CPE - Customer Premises Equipment)
> The Switch (CO - Central Office)
> The Telephone Circuits
> Access Circuits
> Trunk circuits
> The Technology
> Circuit Switching
> Creates a dedicated circuit for the call
> Constant and minimal delay
CO CO
CO
Trunk Lines
Access Lines
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The Trunk Lines
> The Intercity/International Lines
carry the calls across the
Backbone/Core Network
> Expensive to maintain
> Critical Resource
> Trunk Circuits were built and
digitized to carry multiple calls
> TDM – Time Division Multiplexed
> T1 – US – 24 calls
> E1 – ITU/Europe – 30 calls
> In the modern core network - the
trunk lines carry
> Voice calls (wireline and wireless)
> Data
> Signaling
CO CO
CO
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Mobile Network
Air interface or
RF interface
Backhaul
Core or Transmission
GSM/Um PDH via
Microwave
BTS BSC Typically SDH/Sonet 2G: GSM
UTRAN ATM via
Microwave
nodeB Typically IP and
SDH/Sonet
3G: UMTS RNC
E-UTRAN IP via
Microwave
eNodeB AGW IP/MPLS 4G: LTE
Access Network
AMDOCS > CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE SYSTEMS INNOVATION
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Mobile Network
AMDOCS > CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE SYSTEMS INNOVATION
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Higher Speed Access - ADSL
> The Public Switched Telephone Network needs 56/64Kbps of bandwidth
> The twisted pair (local loop), can offer more bandwidth than current utilized by telephone network
> Bandwidth can be used for applications such as Internet Access, VPNs
> The frequencies are divided
> Telephone frequencies to the Public Switched Telephone Network
> Data Frequencies to an IP network
> ADSL speeds are limited by distance and quality of the copper infrastructure
Telephone
PC
Telephone
Switch (CO)
ATM/IP
Data Network
DSLAM – DSL
Access Multiplexor
Public
Switched
Telephone
network
Router/Switch Modem
Line Splitter
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Access Technologies - xDSL
> Modulates voice and data over existing copper phone lines
> Numerous types of DSL – Asynchronous DSL (ADSL), (8Mbits Upstream and
3.5 Mbits downstream, VDSL (52 Mbit/16MBits), VDSL2 (100MBits up & down)
> End user has dedicated bandwidth
> Distance limitations to CO/Exchange
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User info for [email protected]
CPE
DSLAM
Cisco
Aggregator
RADIUS
ISP A
Domain info for netvision.net.il
ISP B
DSL Network
ADSL Modem
CPE Splitter
Voice Network
Class V
Switch
Voice
DSL
ATM
IP
Data Network
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ADSL Customer Premises Equipment
> MicroFilter
> To filter between voice and DSL
> Telephone plug installation
> Includes frequency splitter
> Telephone
> ADSL connection
> ADSL Modem
> ADSL Physical Layer
> Link Protocol (ATM or Ethernet)
> Broadband Router/Gateway
> Allows multi-station connectivity
> IP Address management features
> Security and Firewall Features
> VPN functionality
> Wireless/Wi-Fi connectivity
> Sometimes combined with Modem
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Access Technologies - Cable
> Cable access and cable modems
> Based on existing cable Television (CATV) networks (coax cable
infrastructure)
> Broadband bandwidths provided: 10 Mbps - 51 Mbps in total for a
service area
> Broadcast oriented technology such as Ethernet
> Bandwidth of a service area shared between the subscribers of that
area
> Security issues (need VPN)
> Limited CATV infrastructure outside North America
> Distance limitation not an issue like DSL
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Cable Access Technologies
> Initially 1 way TV transmission
> Progressed to 2 way infrastructure
> Fiber Backbone
> Co-ax Access
> Deregulation
> Digital TV on demand
> Telephony
> Data
> Internet Access
> Cable Modem
> DOCSIS Standard
> Shared Neighborhood Bandwidth
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Home Connection
Regional Cable
Headend
Internet
IP
Backbone
Network
PSTN
Fiber
Node
Coax Connection
3Mbps Downstream
250Kbps Upstream
Distrubution
Hub
PC
Set Top Box
Telephone
Cable
Modem
Home
Router
Television
tap splitter
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Cable Kit
Cable Modem
Transparent Bridge
Receives and transmits data
from the RF cable network
Supports up to 16 CPEs
CMTS – Cable Modem
Termination System
In a street Cabinet
Per neighbourhood
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Traditional Call vs. VoIP call
Originating
Call
Local
Phone
OfficeLong Distance
Phone Office
Longhaul
Call
Destination
Traditional Call
Long Distance
Phone Office
Local
Phone
Office
Originating
Call
Originating
Gateway
IP
Network
Call
Destination
VoIP Call
VVVVVV
Terminating
Gateway
VVVVVV
E-n/T-n E-n/T-n
Local
Phone
Office
Local
Phone
Office
• Lower Equipment Cost
• Voice/Data Integration and Advanced Services
• Lower Bandwidth Requirements
• Widespread availability of IP
• Many new capabilities
But issues with -
• Support for E911
• Susceptibility to power failures
• Incomplete support for advanced services
• Legal Enforcement
• Security
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VoIP Residential Service Model (xDSL)
Customer
Broadband Access
Internet
PSTN/OLO
VoIP Service
(e.g. Nuvio, Gossiptel)
VoIP Box
(Optional)
xDSL
Router
CO/Exchange PSTN Phone
Media GW
Call Server
xDSL
Traditional Voice
Copper Bearers ATM
Bearer
ATM Tunnel
IP Connection
IP
Bearer
VoIP Connection
Service
Primary
Secondary
TN
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What is a Leased Line
> A leased line is a point to point communications circuit that has been
leased for private use. It is sometimes termed a “dedicated line”.
> Typical Use:-
> to securely interconnect two geographically distant corporate sites
> To connect a site to Service Access Point (POP) or ISP
> The Actual Connection
> Over short distances often provisioned as a physical direct circuit
> Over long distances provisioned as a channel over the carrier
infrastructure
> Different systems in US and Rest of World (Europe)
> Europe - E1 – Multiples of 64Kb to 2Mb (Higher Speeds - E2, E3, E4)
> US - T1 - Multiples of 64Kb to 1.5 Mbps (Higher Speeds T2,T3T4)
Site A Site B Communications Channel
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> A Layer 1 service offers a dedicated
open communications between each two
sites
> Each two sites are connected at a
specific speed and the connection is
available whether used or not.
> Example
> Centralized Leased Line Network
> Main Frame Computer Centre
> All important data held at main site
> Reasoning
> High Security
> Better Management tools
> High Traffic volumes
> Legacy Network technology
Layer 1 Service – Leased Line
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Layer 2 Service - Leased Line
> A Layer 2 Service such as Frame Relay or Ethernet offers connectivity between
two and more sites over a shared network facility
> Each pair of sites are typically connected (logically) via a Permanent Virtual
Circuit (PVC) usually with some SLA (Service Level Agreement) performance
guarantees
> The customer delivers frames/packet of information to the network in a specific
format
> The pricing is based on speed, throughput, and performance guarantees
Shared Network Capacity
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Virtual Private Networks
Customer B Site 1
Community BLUE
Community YELLOW (VPN Endpoint D_yellow)
Community RED (VPN Endpoint D_red)
Customer A Site 2
Community BLUE (VPN Endpoint B_blue)
Customer B Site 2
Community GREEN (VPN Endpoint B_green)
Customer B Site 3
Community GREEN
Customer A Site 3
Community YELLOW
Customer A Site 1
Community RED
Customer A Site 4
Community RED
Customer Edge device
The provider network
PE PE
PE
PE
PE
P
P
P
CE
CE
CE
CE CE
CE
CE
CE
PE
P
Provider Edge device
Provider core device
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Layer 2 Service – Carrier Ethernet (L2-VPN)
> Metro/Carrier Ethernet
Service
> High capacity data sites
with large Ethernet LANs
> Needs high capacity inter-
network connectivity.
> High Traffic Volumes
> Reasoning
> Customer Sites are
Ethernet based
> Ethernet connectivity offers
high throughput low cost
connectivity 10Mb
1Gb
100Mb
Branch A
Branch B
Branch C
Branch D
Branch E
Corporate Headquarters and Data Centre
Metro Ethernet Network
Metro Ethernet Network
AMDOCS > CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE SYSTEMS INNOVATION
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Layer 3 Service – IP-VPN
> A Layer 3 Service offers connectivity between multiple sites over a shared IP
network
> The Physical Infrastructure networks are invisible to the end customer
> The sites are connected via an access link to an Open IP Internetwork
> The Carrier Access Point (POP) will be an IP Router
> Each site will have a unique identifiable (IP) address scheme
> Pricing is usually based on volumes of traffic within specified Classes of Service
> Layer 3 Services are often termed an IP-VPN
Shared Network Capacity
AMDOCS > CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE SYSTEMS INNOVATION
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Layer 3 Service – IP Service (IP-VPN)
> Distributed Organization
> Corporate Sites
> Distributed and Home
Workers,
> Partners, Customers
> Many different types of
access
> Reasoning
> Application Convergence
over IP
> Flexibility
> Open communications
> Internet Connectivity
Mobile Access
Home Workers
Wi Fi
IP Network
Internet
AMDOCS > CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE SYSTEMS INNOVATION
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Access:
PSTN
xDSL
Cable
Fiber
Mobile
Ethernet
Aggregation/Metro
Metro Ethernet Core:
IP/Ethernet
WDM
SDH/SONET
ATM
Fiber
Business
Corporate
Residential
STB
Business
Corporate
DSL Access
Residential
SiSiMobile Wireless
Access Node
Services
& Content
Core Network Metro/Aggregation Network
Internet
Carrier IP Network Architecture