introduction to petroleum engineering final- formation evaluation - dst
TRANSCRIPT
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BEng (Hons) Petroleum Engineering
Course:
Introduction To Petroleum Engineering
Instructor
Dr. Tarek Darwich
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Course Outlines: What is Petroleum Engineering?
The Life Cycle of Oil and Gas projects,
Origin, formation and accumulation of Petroleum,
Oil & Gas Exploration,
Appraisal of Oil & Gas Discoveries,
Development of Oil & Gas Discoveries,
Producing Oil & Gas Fields, Transportation of Oil & Gas,
The Petroleum Industry & the Environment,
Petroleum Economics.
I ntroduction to Petroleum Engineer ing
Year 2012 - 2013
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Formation Evaluation
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Formation evaluation is the analysis and interpretation of core data, logdata, well test data, in terms of the nature of the formation andthe fluids content.
Main parameters evaluated Lithology
Rock properties (porosity and permeability)
Fluids types and saturation
Well data include: Mud logging
Core data (routine and special core analysis)
Well logging (wireline and while drilling
Downhole pressure data and fluid sampling
Formation testing
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Drill Stem Test (DST)
I ntroduction to Petroleum Engineer ing
Year 2012 - 2013Typical Offshore Layout for an exploration Well Test
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Drill Stem Test (DST)
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http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=oil+well+testing&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=4_Lz9W07dG8IUM&tbnid=QgzwwyUgGY2PYM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Foilandgasdrilling.blogspot.com%2F2012%2F11%2Fintroduction-to-well-testing.html&ei=l1YwUcKHMK6N0wW76IHACA&bvm=bv.43148975,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNE3mPcdIYGoUUDLiTbrBwq_BfKHYQ&ust=1362208763926098 -
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Drill Stem Test (DST)
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Drill Stem Test (DST)
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In general, well logs provide initial information on fluid types andproducibility.
Testing provides confirmation, detailed fluid properties, accurate
pressure measurements and production evaluation.
Drill Stem test can be conducted in a an open or cased hole.
Failure of packers against wall in open-hole is a common problem.
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Well Testing Applications
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There are many applications of well testing but they may be grouped intofour fundamental classes:
Formation pressure measurement
Permeability and skin (degree of formation damage or stimulation)
Formation fluids characterisation
Reservoir characterisation
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Well Testing Applications
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Formation Pressure Measurement: Static reservoir pressure measurement and depletion determination
Determining the inflow performance relationship of the well (IPR), productivity index (PI) andabsolute open flow potential (AOFP).
Infinite Acting Radial Flow
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Well Testing Applications
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Formation Pressure Measurement: The IPR of a well is a relationship between its producing bottom-hole pressure and production
rate under a given reservoir condition. It indicates the producing characteristics of the well.
J = Q / (Pr Pwf)
J is the productivity index PI
Q is the flow rate
Pr is the reservoir pressure
Pwf is the bottom-hole flowing pressure
AOFP
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Well Testing Applications
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Permeability & Skin: The transient pressure data (and associated measurements) are interpreted to give information
on reservoir dynamic parameters that are relevant to fluid flow.
This information is mainly formation permeability and any occurrence of skin (formation
damage or enhancement that may impair or enhance the flow.
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Well Testing Applications
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Permeability & Skin:
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Well Testing Applications
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Multi-rate
Testing
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Well Testing Applications
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Formation Fluid Characterisation:
Well testing enables collecting representativereservoir samples
Well testing also enables characterising the fluidcomposition, its phase behaviour and the Pressure-Volume-Temperature (PVT) properties.
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Well Testing Applications
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Formation Fluid Characterisation:
Temperature
Pressure
Initial Reservoir
Conditions
CPPath of Production
Separator Conditions
25%50%75%
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Well Testing Applications
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Formation Fluid Characterisation:
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Well Testing Applications
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Formation Fluid Characterisation:
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Well Testing Applications
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Formation Fluid Characterisation:
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Well Testing Applications
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Formation Fluid Characterisation:
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Well Testing Applications
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Formation Fluid Characterisation:
Gas Formation Volume Factor:
P1V1=z1RT
PscVsc=RTsc
Bg=V1/Vsc=(14.7/520)*z*T/P
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Well Testing Applications
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Formation Fluid Characterisation:
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Well Testing Applications
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Reservoir Characterisation:
The pressure response during a well test provides the characteristic signatureof reservoir fluidflow events that will be interpreted in terms of barriers, heterogeneities and reservoir volume. WellTesting enables:
Determining the total reservoir pore volume connected to the tested well.
Determining the reservoir boundary configurations such as impermeable barriers
Characterising reservoir heterogeneities such as layered systems and natural fractures
Quantifying vertical and horizontal reservoir communications.
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Well Testing Applications
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Well Testing Applications
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Well Testing Applications
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Well Testing Applications
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Well Testing Applications
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