introduction to php/mysql i ftsm lab / may 2011. goal provide the basic knowledge of php...
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INTRODUCTION TO PHP/MYSQL I
FTSM Lab / May 2011
Goal
Provide the basic knowledge of PHP programming Explain how you can code and run PHP
scripts Creating dynamic pages Basic database interactions – read, insert,
update and delete data Basic session management PHP Application packages
StructureHTML/XHTML
CSS
JavaScript
DatabasePHP
HTML/JavaScript/CSS
http://www.w3schools.com HTML, JavaScript and CSS tutorials
Client-server architecture
What is PHP?
PHP = ‘Hypertext PreProcessor’ Originally created by Rasmus
Lerdorf in 1994 The main implementation of PHP
is now produced by The PHP Group (de facto standard for PHP) - http://www.php.net/
Open-source (access to source code and free distribution right), server-side scripting language
How PHP works
PHP on Windows
Method1
IIS
FastCGI + PHP
mySQL
Method2
Apache
PHP
mySQL
Method3
WAMP Packages
Method4
Web Hosting
How to run PHP scripts
Webhosting
Webhosting information
WAMP Packages - XAMPP
http://www.apachefriends.org/en/index.html
Version for Windows includes: Apache, MySQL, PHP, Perl, phpMyAdmin, JpGraph, FileZilla FTP Server, SQLite etc.
WAMP Packages - WAMPServer http://www.wampserver.com/en/
Version for Windows includes: Apache, PHP, Mysql (version 64 and 32 bits), PhpMyadmin, SQLBuddy, XDebug, webGrind, XDC
Basic syntaxes, data types, variable, control structures, arrays, function
PHP Scripts
PHPVARIABLESBASIC
SYNTAXDATA TYPE
FUNCTION
CONTROL STATEMEN
TSDATABASE
CONNECT/ READ
INSERTUPDAT
EDELET
E
SESSIONPHP
PACKAGES
PHP code
Structurally similar to C/C++ All PHP statements end with a semi-colon Each PHP script must be enclosed in the
reserved PHP tag
<?php……?>
PHP code - comments
Standard C, C++, and shell comment symbols
// C++ and Java-style comment
# Shell-style comments
/* C-style comments These can span multiple lines */
PHP code - output
<?php$nilai = 25; // Numerical variable$ayat = “Hello”; // String variable
echo $ayat; // Outputs Helloecho $nilai, $ayat; // Outputs 25Helloecho “5x5=”,$nilai; // Outputs 5x5=25echo “5x5=$nilai”; // Outputs 5x5=25echo ‘5x5=$nilai’; // Outputs 5x5=$nilai?>
Use ‘echo’ or ‘print’ Strings in single quotes (‘ ’) are not
interpreted or evaluated by PHP
If the string has a set of double quotation marks that must remain visible, use the \ [backslash] before the quotation marks to ignore and display them.<?php
$jab=“\”PHP\””;
print $jab; //”PHP”
?>
PHP – escape character
PHP code - variables
PHP variables must begin with a “$” sign Case-sensitive ($var != $VAR != $vAr) Global and locally-scoped variables
Global variables can be used anywhere Local variables restricted to a function or
class Certain variable names reserved by PHP
Form variables ($_POST, $_GET) Server variables ($_SERVER)
PHP code – variables
<?php
$nilai = 25; //Numerical variable$ayat = “Hello”; //String variable
$nilai = ($nilai * 7); //Multiplies variable nilai by 7
?>
PHP code - operations<?php
$a=30;$b=5;$total=$a+$b;print $total; //35print “<p>Jumlah ialah $total</p>”;
// Jumlah ialah 35
print $a-$b; //25print $a*$b; //150print $a/$b; //6print $a+=$b; //35print $a%$b; //0
?>
Use a period to join strings into one.
<?php
$string1=“Hello”;$string2=“PHP”;
$string3=$string1 . “ ” . $string2;
print $string3; //Hello PHP
?>
PHP code – strings function
PHP – Control Statements
Control structures similar with JavaScript/C++ if, elseif, else switch, case while for foreach
PHP - if, elseif, else
<?php
$markah = 90;
if ($markah >= 80)echo “Lulus dengan cemerlang";
elseif ($markah >= 40) echo “Lulus";else echo “Gagal";
?>
PHP control – switch
…switch ($jantina){
case “L”: echo “Lelaki"; break;
case “P”: echo “Perempuan"; break;
default: echo “Tiada input jantina";
}…
PHP control – while loops
<?php
$nombor = 1;
while ($nombor!=10){print “Bilangan $nombor”;$nombor++;}
?>
PHP control – for loops
<?php
for ($n = 1; $n<=10; $n++){print “Bilangan $n”;}
?>
PHP control – foreach loops
<?php
$numbers = array("one","two","three");
foreach ($numbers as $value) {echo $value . "<br />";
}
?>
PHP arrays
Three kind of arrays: Numeric array - An array with a
numeric index Associative array - An array
where each ID key is associated with a value
Multidimensional array - An array containing one or more arrays
PHP – numeric arrays
<?php
//numeric array$cars = array("Saab","Volvo","BMW",“Ford");
echo $cars[2]; //BMW
?>
PHP – associative arrays
<?php
//associative array
$umur = array ("Raju"=>32, "Gopal"=>34, "Samy" => 36); //same as $umur[‘Raju’]=32…
echo $umur[‘Gopal’]; //34
?>
PHP - multi dimensional arrays<?php
//multidimensional array
$kump = array ("Merah"=> array ("Ali", "Raju", "Joan"), "Biru"=> array ("Abu", "Jason", "Lin"), "Hijau" => array ("David", "Jim", "Mary");
echo $kump [‘Merah’][2]; //Joanecho $kump [‘Hijau’][0]; //David
?>
PHP array functions array_push() – adds element/s to an array
<?php
$a=array("Dog","Cat");array_push($a,"Horse","Bird");print_r($a);
/*Array ([0]=>Dog [1]=>Cat [2]=>Horse [3]=>Bird) */
?>
PHP array functions array_pop() – deletes last element in an array
<?php
$a=array("Dog","Cat","Horse");array_pop($a);print_r($a);
// Array ([0]=>Dog [1]=>Cat)
?>
PHP array functions
unset() – destroy a variable
$array = array(0, 1, 2, 3);unset($array[2]);
/* array(3) { [0]=>int(0)
[1]=>int(1) [3]=>int(3)} */
Functions MUST be defined before they can be called
Function headers are of the format
function function_name ($var1, $var2…){
…}
Function names are not case sensitive
PHP - functions
<?php// This is a functionfunction darab($arg1, $arg2){
$arg3 = $arg1 * $arg2;return $arg3;}
echo darab(12,3); // 36?>
PHP - functions
PHP - Using external files
Using external files for: HTML codes Structure – template files like headers, footers Functions – separate file to store all functions Config – separate configurationsettings in different file
PHP – include and require
Four functions: include() include_once() require() require_once()
Generates warnings when the function doesn’t work
Generates errors and halts scripts when the function doesn’t work
Using “include” to include external files
<?phpinclude “header.php”Include “tarikh.php”include “menubar.php”…?>
<?phpprint “Tarikh hari ini ialah $date2”;
?>
PHP - include
PHP References
• http://www.php.net <- php home page• http://www.php.net/downloads <- php
download page• http://www.php.net/manual/en/install.wind
ows.php <- php installation manual
• http://www.w3schools.com/php/default.asp <-php online tutorial
SQL, MySQL, phpMyAdmin, creating database and tables
Database and SQL
SQL
SQL – Structured Query Language SQL can be used to access and
manipulate databases
SELECT * FROM pelajar
SELECT * FROM pelajarWHERE NoMatrik=‘A123456’
SQL Queries
Query database for specific information and have a recordset returned from table
SELECT nama FROM pelajar
namaJalil
GopalAh Meng
SQL Keywords
SELECT – select from tables FROM – specifies tables WHERE – specifies criteria
INSERT – inserts data into table UPDATE – updates data in table DELETE – deletes data in table
CREATE – create new table DROP – delete existing table
SQL Keywords Usage
SELECT * FROM pelajarOutput: select all columns from table pelajar
SELECT nama, nomatrik FROM pelajarOutput: select columns nama and nomatrik from
table pelajar
SELECT nama, nomatrik FROM pelajarWHERE nomatrik=‘A12345’Output: select columns nama, nomatrik from table
pelajar where row nomatrik equals ‘A12345’
SQL Keywords Usage
INSERT INTO pelajar (nomatrik, nama, jabatan, kumpulan)
VALUES (‘A12365’, ‘Hashim’, ‘4’, ‘9’) Action: insert specified value to table pelajar,
creating new row
DELETE FROM pelajarWHERE nomatrik=‘A12369’Action: select row from table pelajar where
nomatrik as specified and delete the row
SQL Keywords Usage
UPDATE pelajar SET nama = ‘Hisham’WHERE nama = ‘Hashim’ AND
nomatrik = ‘A12365’Action: update specified row to table
pelajar
MySQL
MySQL - "My Structured Query Language“ Created by Michael Widenius from TcX
(Sweden) in 1994 Open-source, relational database
management system MySQL is used in web applications and acts
as the database component of the WAMP/LAMP
Used in free software projects (e.g. WordPress, Joomla)
MySQL and WAMP/LAMP
Download at www.mysql.com
MySQL Interfaces
Interfaces to manage and browse database easily phpMyAdmin heidiSQL MySQL-Front SQLyog
phpMyAdmin
Creating Database
CREATE DATABASE databasename
Creating Tables
Some of MySQL data types:
Type Description
CHAR [length]
Fixed-length, 0 to 255 characters long
VARCHAR [length]
Variable-length, 0 to 255 characters long
TEXT String, maximum 65,535 characters
INT [length] -2.147 millions to 2,147 millions
DATE YYYY-MM-DD format
TIME HH:MM:SS
Creating Tables
1. Choose a suitable name and create table
2. Identify columns names3. Identify data types4. Identify suitable MySQL data type5. Identify suitable length
Creating Tables
Creating table for a guestbook application
Creating Tables
Identifying column general data type
Column name
Type
ID NumberNAMA TextEMAIL TextTARIKH Date/timeKOMEN Text
Table: guestbook
Column name
Type MySQL data type
ID Number INT
NAMA Text VARCHAR [40]
EMAIL Text VARCHAR [40]
TARIKH Date/time DATETIME
KOMEN Text TEXT
guestbook
ID NAMA EMAIL TARIKH KOMEN
1 Simon [email protected]
2010-09-21
07:40:48
Excellent website! Well done!
2 Azizi [email protected]
2010-09-23
10:20:48
Sila lawati laman web saya:
azizi.com.my
3 Wei Yoong
2010-09-23
10:45:12
Still waiting for the updates :D
Read, insert, update and delete data using PHP
PHP and MySQL
DELETE DATA
CREATE CONNECTION
CLOSE CONNECTION
INSERT DATA
READ DATA
UPDATE DATA
PHP Creating & Closing Connection Use mysql_connect() and mysql_close()
$con = mysql_connect (servername, username, password);
if (!$con) {die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());}
…mysql_close($con);
PHP Selecting Database
Use mysql_select_db()
…$con = mysql_connect (servername, username, password);
mysql_select_db (databasename, $con);…
PHP Displaying data
Use mysql_query() to run SQL The return result are usually in array
form$result = mysql_query ("SELECT * FROM guestbook");
while($row = mysql_fetch_array ($result)) {echo $row[‘NAMA'] . “-" . $row[‘EMAIL'] .
”-” . row[‘TARIKH'] . “-" . $row[‘KOMEN']; }
PHP Inserting data
…//run querymysql_query("INSERT INTO guestbook(ID, NAMA, EMAIL, TARIKH, KOMEN) VALUES (5, ‘Jason', ‘[email protected]‘, NOW(), ‘Website yang bagus!’)");…
Use mysql_query()
PHP Inserting data
//Create query$qry = "INSERT INTO guestbook (ID, NAMA, EMAIL, TARIKH, KOMEN) VALUES (5, ‘Jason', ‘[email protected]‘, NOW(), ‘Website yang bagus!’)”;
//Run querymysql_query($qry);…
PHP Inserting data from Form
HTML FORM PHP
PHP Inserting data from Form
PHP Inserting data from Form
… $sql="INSERT INTO guestbook (NAMA, EMAIL, TARIKH, KOMEN)VALUES ('$_POST[nama]', '$_POST[email]‘, '$_POST[tarikh]‘, '$_POST[komen]')";…
PHP Displaying data in table
…echo "<table>"; while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)) {
echo "<tr>";echo "<td>" . $row[‘NAMA'] . "</td>";echo "<td>" . $row[‘EMAIL'] . "</td>";echo "<td>" . $row[‘TARIKH'] . "</td>";echo "<td>" . $row[‘KOMEN'] . "</td>";echo "</tr>"; }
echo "</table>"; …
PHP Updating data
Use UPDATE /SET /WHERE to update data
mysql_query (“UPDATE guestbook SET EMAIL = ‘[email protected]’ WHERE NAMA = ‘Simon‘ "); }
PHP Deleting data
Use DELETE FROM /WHERE to delete data from database
…mysql_query (“DELETE FROM guestbook WHERE Nama = ‘Simon‘ ");…
Update/Delete in Form
Modify display table form to incorporate update/delete functions
//make a link at the end of each table row for UPDATE and DELETE…echo “<td>”;echo "<a href='delete.php?cmd=delete&id=$id‘>Delete</a>"; echo “</td><td>”;echo "<a href=‘update.php?&id=$id‘>Delete</a>"; echo "<br>";
if($_GET["cmd"]=="delete") {…}
HTTP Requests
GET Gets/retrieves information from server (e.g
retrieve an image, fetch search results) Sends information as part of URL (visible,
2048 chars limit) Cached, bookmark-able
POST Posts/sends data (e.g login information, post
form data) Submitted data is hidden (invisible) Non-cached, non-bookmark-able
Update Process
Select data by primary key using SQL SELECT
Use SQL UPDATE to update data
User sessions
PHP Session Management
Sessions
Using session identifier in server to locate and store user data
Advantage over cookies: More secure – all data stored in server Not browser/computer dependent – some
users reject cookies/turn off Store more data than cookie
Use session_start() and $_SESSION[variable]
Sessions
…//login processsession_start();$_SESSION[‘user_id’] = A11201;…
…session_start();If (isset($_SESSION[‘user_id’])){…
…//reset session array$_SESSION = array();//delete sessionsession_destroy();…
Installing packages, customizing packages
PHP Application Packages
PHP packages
Useful and easy to install PHP applications Phpmyadmin Joomla modx phpBB Wordpress Mediawiki zend
phpMyadmin
MySQL interface Deployment:
Download from site Unzip to web document root
Joomla
Multi-user CMS Deployment:
Download and unzip inweb document root Launch install script
modx
Multi-user CMS
phpBB
Bulletin board
Wordpress
Blogging application - http://www.wordpress.org
MediaWiki
Wiki - http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki
Zend
http://framework.zend.com
THANK YOU