introduction to plant tissue culture
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Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture. In vitro culture, Cell Culture, Tissue Culture, Organ Culture, Embryo Culture?. In Vitro Culture. The culture of organized living material cell under artificial condition in tubes, glasses, dishes - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture
In vitro culture, Cell Culture, Tissue Culture,
Organ Culture, Embryo Culture?
In Vitro Culture The culture of organized living material
cell under artificial condition in tubes, glasses, dishes
The process of growing organized living materials artificially in the laboratory
The culture and maintenance of organized living materials, in sterile, nutritionally (synthetic media) and environmentally
(controlled) supportive conditions
Organized living material
Homogeneous (tissues)
Heterogeneous
(organs)
TissueHooke (1665) and Leeuwenhoek
(1677) using microscope discovered tissues were made of cells
CellsThe cells of a particular tissue had a
common structure.
Cell Taken to its
simplest form A plasma
membrane… Surrounding
cytoplasm… Containing
hereditary material.
Level of complexity Xavier Bichat (1771-
1802): An organ is composed of different tissues
Several organs can be grouped together as an organ system (e.g. the digestive system)
OrganismOrgan-
systemOrganTissueCell
Level of complexity Purkinje (1835) observed a fertilised
hen's egg (a single cell) could develop into an embryo (many
specialised cells in a compact mass) C19th botanists showed that plant
tissues consist of many different types of cells.
THE CELL THEORY Schleiden (1838) & Schwann (1839)
“The cell is the basic unit of living tissue”
The cell is an autonomous unit (“a citizen”) grouped together to form an
organism (“the society”).
« Omnis cellula e cellula »Virchow (1858) “all cells come from pre-existing cells”
Cell cultureThe process by which
prokaryotic, eukaryotic or plant cells are grown under controlled
conditions.Cell culture was first successfully undertaken in animal cell by Ross Harrison (1907) and in plant cells
by Haberlandt (1902)
ORGANISMAL THEORYReichert (a morphologist):
An organism has a structured plan
Image Credit Frog embryo fate map
Plasmodesmata
Strasberger (a cytologist):
Cells are connected in an organism sometimes
by cytoplasmic bridges
Acellular organismsSome organisms do
not have cellular compartments
Unicellular organisms
Some organisms only consist of a single cell
But these do usually have the cell components (nucleus, membrane, etc)
Tissue culture
Cells can be cultured away from a body
But this often requires elaborate support systems (technology)
In vitro cultivation of organs, tissues & cells at defined temperature using an incubator & supplemented with a medium containing cell
nutrients & growth factors
Organized living material
1.Animal Cells2.Plant Cells
Plant Tissue Culture
“the aseptic culture of plant protoplasts, cells, tissues or organs under conditions which lead to cell multiplication or regeneration of organs or whole plants “
Plant Tissue Culture
Basic Tissue Culture Procedures
RequirementAppropriate tissue (some tissues culture
better than others)A suitable growth medium containing energy
sources and inorganic salts to supply cell growth needs. This can be liquid or semisolid
Aseptic (sterile) conditions, as microorganisms grow much more quickly than plant tissue and can over run a culture
Growth regulators, both auxins & cytokinins.
Why we should learn Plant Tissue Culture?
Commercial purpose1. Propagation2. Secondary metabolite
Research Purpose1. Nutrient adsorption2. Growth hormone function
Breeding purpose1. Preservation2. Genetic variability3. Hybridization4. Selection
Course Outline History of plant tissue culture
Basic principle of plant tissue culture Determining factors in plant tissue
culture Micropropagation
Pattern of development Micropropation enterprice