introduction to platforms of services for the internet of ... · internet of things (iot) some...

Introduction toPlatforms of services forthe Internet of ThingsRevision : 536

Chantal TaconetSAMOVAR, CNRS, Telecom SudParis, Institut Polytechnique de Paris

July 2019

Outline

1. Internet of Things (IoT)

2. IoT distributed architecture

3. IoT reference architectures

4. IoT Platforms

5. Middleware for the IoT

6. Interaction models and standard protocols

7. Conclusions

2/46 07/2019 C. Taconet Platforms for IoT

Internet of Things (IoT)

Internet of things, Internet of everything

Image extracted from [Shelby, 2010]



Internet of things, one definition

“Everyday objects can be equipped with identifying, sensing, networking andprocessing capabilities that will allow them to communicate with one anotherand with other devices and services over the Internet to achieve some useful

objective ”[Whitmore et al., 2014]

“Interconnection of sensing and actuating devices providing the ability to shareinformation across platforms through a unified framework, developing acommon operating picture for enabling innovative applications. This isachieved by seamless large-scale sensing, data analytics and information

representation using cutting-edge ubiquitous sensing and cloud computing.”[Gubbi et al., 2013]



IoT impacts the Internet High heterogeneity

Huge number of connected objects

Image extracted from http://canadablog.cisco.com/2013/09/24/for-canada-how-big-is-everything-in-the-internet-of-everything

Huge volume of produced data: 44 billion (109) of Giga byte in 2020


http://canadablog.cisco.com/2013/09/24/for-canada-how-big-is-everything-in-the-internet-of-everything


From IoT silos to Internet Openness

Image extracted from http://www.libelium.com/


http://www.libelium.com/


Opportunity to build new mass services

Image extracted from http://www.libelium.com/


http://www.libelium.com/


IoT heterogeneity requires standardization

Protocols, API, architectural patterns independent of the applicationdomains



Standard organizations related to the IoT

Image extracted from AIOTI Alliance for internet of things innovation



Image extracted from http://www.societe-informatique-de-france.fr/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/IOT-Pr\unhbox\voidb@x\bgroup\let\unhbox\voidb@x\setbox\@tempboxa\hboxe\global\mathchardef\accent@spacefactor\spacefactor\accent19e\egroup\spacefactor\

[email protected]


http://www.societe-informatique-de-france.fr/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/IOT-Pr\unhbox \voidb@x \bgroup \let \unhbox \voidb@x \setbox \@tempboxa \hbox e\global \mathchardef \accent@spacefactor \spacefactor \accent 19 e\egroup \spacefactor \accent@spacefactor sentation-Orange.pdf




Some standardization organizations for the IoT IETF

• Constrained RESTful Environments (CoAP)• IPv6 over Low-power WPAN (6LoWPAN)• Transport Layer Security: TLS/DTLS profile suitable for constrained IoT

devices

OASIS publish/subscribe (MQTT and AMQP)

oneM2M - Standards APIs and services for M2M and the Internet of Thingsinteroperability

W3C Web of Things

• Rich metadata that describe data (XML Schemas)• Interaction models exposed to applications (http/REST APIs)• Semantics of things (SAN, SSN Semantic ontologies for Actuators/Sensors)

IoT security foundation (guide for privacy and trust)


IoT distributed architecture

Outline




4. IoT Platforms



7. Conclusions



Complex distributed system



Several level of Infrastructure



Cloud for IoTCloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demandnetwork access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g.,networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidlyprovisioned and released with minimal management effort or service providerinteraction. (NIST definition)

Image extracted from https://iot.eclipse.org/


https://iot.eclipse.org/


Fog computing model

Image extracted from https://www.nist.gov/publications/fog-computing-conceptual-model


https://www.nist.gov/publications/fog-computing-conceptual-model


Fog definitions

Cisco definition [Cis, 2015]

The fog extends the cloud to be closer to the things that produce and act onIoT data. Any device with computing, storage, and network connectivity canbe a fog node.

NIST definition 2018Fog computing is a layered model for enabling ubiquitous access to a sharedcontinuum of scalable computing resources. The model facilitates thedeployment of distributed, latency-aware applications and services, andconsists of fog nodes (physical or virtual), residing between smart end-devicesand centralized (cloud) services.



Consider fog computing when

Data is collected at the extreme edge (e.g., vehicles, factory, roadways)

Thousands of things across a large geographic area are generating data

It is necessary to analyze and act on the data in less than a second.

• Cloud computing latency 100ms• Fog computing, latency ms, real time analysis and control

Local caching, analysis, filtering : reduce offloading


IoT reference architectures

Outline




4. IoT Platforms



7. Conclusions



Reference architectureSoftware Architecture “The software architecture of a system is the set of structures needed to

reason about the system, which comprise software elements, relationsamong them, and properties of both” [Bass et al., 2012]

Software architecture = an abstraction —i.e. omits certain information

• Elements interact with each other by means of interfaces that partition detailsinto public and private parts

• Architecture focuses on the public side of this division

Reference ArchitectureA Reference Architecture (RA) is an architectural design pattern that indicateshow an abstract set of relationships realises a set of requirements. (OASISdefinition)The main purpose of a RA is to provide guidance for the development ofconcrete architectures.



ITU-T architecture. . .

Image extracted from http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/recommendations/rec.aspx?rec=y.2060


http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/recommendations/rec.aspx?rec=y.2060


. . . and its ecosystem

Image extracted from http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/recommendations/rec.aspx?rec=y.2060


http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/recommendations/rec.aspx?rec=y.2060


WSO2 architecture

Image extracted from http://wso2.com/solutions/iot/, wso2 is an open-source technology provider for digital business


http://wso2.com/solutions/iot/


IoT-A Architecture Functional view

Image extracted from http://www.iot-a.eu/


http://www.iot-a.eu/


IoT-A Service and Virtual-Entity abstraction lev-els

Image extracted from http://www.iot-a.eu/


http://www.iot-a.eu/

IoT Platforms

Outlines




4. IoT Platforms



7. Conclusions


IoT Platforms

What is an IoT platform

Image extracted from https://www.kaaproject.org/what-is-iot-platform

IoT platforms —i.e. a software that enables straightforward provisioning,management, and automation of connected devices within the Internet ofThings universe.1

1. https://www.kaaproject.org/what-is-iot-platform


https://www.kaaproject.org/what-is-iot-platform


IoT Platforms

IoT platform multi layer view

Image extracted from https://www.kaaproject.org/what-is-iot-platform



IoT Platforms

Big actors propositions for the IoTCloud IoT platform

Google IoT

Amazon IoT platform

Oracle Internet of Things Cloud Service

Azure IoT (Microsoft)

Samsung IoT platform

Free software to be deployed everywhere

Eclipse IoT

Fiware (also available as a Cloud service)

Data distribution service


IoT Platforms

Amazon IoT platform

Image extracted from https://aws.amazon.com/fr/iot-platform


https://aws.amazon.com/fr/iot-platform

IoT Platforms

Samsung Artik platform (closed in may 2018 )

Image extracted from https://horovits.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/samsung-smartthings-opencloud-sami-architecture.png


https://horovits.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/samsung-smartthings-opencloud-sami-architecture.png

IoT Platforms

Eclipse IoT vision and tools




IoT Platforms

FIWARE




IoT Platforms

DDS Data Distribution Service (OMG)




Middleware for the IoT

Outline




4. IoT Platforms



7. Conclusions



Middleware Middleware is computer software that connects software components or

applications. It is used most often to support complex, distributedapplications. Middleware support application development and delivery. Itdescribes a piece of software that connects two or more softwareapplications so that they can exchange data.

Application Application Application Application

Operating

System

Operating

System

Operating

System

Operating

System

Standard data

protocol

Communication subsystem / Network

Specific API

Standard API

Standard API

Specific API

Middleware



Middleware for the IoTMaster the growing complexity ofinteractions Master the heterogeneity

Handle many interaction levels

Facilitate the development throughabstractions, patterns and API

Communication substrate

Application Application

...OS OS OS OS

Dedicated API

...Standard API

AggregatorCollector

Middleware



Middleware for IoT challenges

Massive scale: Continuous vast flows of data

→ Filter data

Complex systems: Involving connected objects, mobiles,cloudlets [Satyanarayanan et al., 2009], clouds

→ Reduce the complexity→ Software engineering (design process, code generation, specific APIs)

Open access: Decoupled producers and consumers

→ Ensure privacy→ Qualify data/context (QoC)

[Blair et al., 2016, Stankovic, 2014]


Interaction models and standard protocols

Outline




4. IoT Platforms



7. Conclusions



Basic interaction patterns in distributed systems

a:Process

request

b:Process

request

handler

reply

Synchronous call

wait

a:Process

send msg 3

send msg 2

send msg 1deliver msg 1

deliver msg 2

deliver msg 3

Systemm:MsgPassing

ask for a msg

ask for a msg

ask for a msg

a:Process

event/message

b:Process

event/message

handler

b:Process

wait

Buffered messagesAsynchronous event

(push) (pull)



Publish/subscribe example



REST API

REST interactions to interact with sensors/actuators• Resource oriented• Universal Resource Identifierc(URI)• XML/JSon. . . data representations• Resources linked to other resources (in resource representations)



Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) Rest-Like APIs for constrained devices• Low memory• Battery consumption concern (periodical wakeup)

Image extracted from CoAP: An Application Protocol for Billions of Tiny Internet Nodes



Interactions overall picture

Image extracted from http://electronicdesign.com/iot/mqtt-and-coap-underlying-protocols-iot


http://electronicdesign.com/iot/mqtt-and-coap-underlying-protocols-iot

Conclusions

Outline




4. IoT Platforms



7. Conclusions


Conclusions

Conclusions

Agenda of next topics

• “Platforms - devices” and “Platforms - applications” interactions• Play with devices and platforms• Explore platform features


References I

(2015).

Fog Computing and the Internet of Things: Extend the Cloud to Where the Things Are.

CISCO white paper.

Bass, L., Clements, P., et al. (2012).

Software Architecture in Practice, 3rd Edition.

Addison-Wesley.

Blair, G., Schmidt, D., et al. (2016).

Middleware for Internet distribution in the context of cloud computing and the Internet of Things, editorial introduction.

Annals of Telecommunications, ON LINE FIRST SINCE 2016, February 26:1–6.

Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S., et al. (2013).

Internet of things (iot): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions.

Future Generation Computer Systems, 29(7):1645 – 1660.

Satyanarayanan, M., Bahl, P., Caceres, R., et al. (2009).

The case for vm-based cloudlets in mobile computing.

IEEE Pervasive Computing, 8:14–23.

Shelby, Z. (2010).

Embedded web services.

Wireless Communications, IEEE, 17(6):52–57.


References II

Stankovic, J. A. (2014).

Research Directions for the Internet of Things.

IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 1(1):3–9.

Whitmore, A., Agarwal, A., et al. (2014).

The internet of things—a survey of topics and trends.

17.


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