introduction to smart grid and microgrids - ieee · smart grid and microgrid technologies with...
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JianhuiWangSec&onLead–AdvancedGridModelingCenterforEnergy,Environmental,andEconomicSystemsAnalysis(CEEESA)EnergySystemsDivisionARGONNENATIONALLABORATORY9700SouthCassAvenueArgonne,[email protected];+1630-252-1474hXp://ceeesa.es.anl.gov/hXps://sites.google.com/site/eejhwang/
Introduction to Smart Grid and Microgrids
IEEE Region 4 Workshop on Smart Grid and Microgrid Technologies with DER-CAM Training Chicago, IL August 18, 2016
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About the speaker § Ph.D.IllinoisIns&tuteofTechnology,2007§ AffiliateProfessor,AuburnUniversity(2011-)§ AdjunctProfessor,UniversityofNotreDame(2014-) § Editor,AppliedEnergy,JournalofEnergyEngineering§ Editor-in-Chief,IEEETransac7onsonSmartGrid§ Authored/co-authoredover200journalar&clesand50conferencepublica&onsand
5300+cita&ons.RecipientoftheIEEEPESPowerSystemOpera&onCommiXeePrizePaperAwardin2015.
§ SecretaryoftheIEEEPower&EnergySociety(PES)PowerSystemOpera&onscommiXeeandpastchairoftheIEEEPESPowerSystemOpera&onMethodssubcommiXee
§ Heldvisi&ngposi&onsinEurope,AustraliaandHongKongincludingaVELUXVisi&ngProfessorshipattheTechnicalUniversityofDenmark(DTU)
§ TechnicalprogramchairoftheIEEEInnova&veSmartGridTechnologies(ISGT)conference2012
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Argonne is America's First National Laboratory and one of the World's Premier Research Centers § Foundedin1943,designateda
na&onallaboratoryin1946
§ PartoftheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy(DOE)laboratorycomplex– 17DOENa&onalLaboratories
§ ManagedbyUChicagoArgonne,LLC– About3,398full-&meemployees
– 4,000facilityusers
– About$760Mbudget
– Mainsite:1500-acresiteinIllinois,southwestofChicago
§ BroadR&Dporkolioandnumeroussponsorsingovernmentandprivatesector
§ ThreeNobelPrizeLaureates
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Grid Modernization and a Vision for the Future § Centralizedgenera&on§ Genera&onfollowsload§ One-direc&onalpowerflow§ Limitedautoma&on§ Limitedsitua&onalawareness§ Consumerslackdatatomanage
use§ Limitedaccessibilityfornew
producers§ Centralized+distributedgenera&on§ Variableresources§ Consumersbecomeproducers§ Mul&-direc&onalpowerflow§ Flexibleload
Source: ABB 2009; Texas Tech 2012
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My Version of the Future Power Grid q Integra.vePlanningandopera&on
(temporal),informa&ontechnologyandpowerengineering(cyber),integratedT&D(spa&al),supplyanddemand(system-wide)
q Interdependentcouplingofcri&calinfrastructures(e.g.,gas,water,power,communica&ons.)
q Robust,FlexibleandResilient(e.g.,uncertaintyandvariabilityofcleanrenewableenergy,extremeweatherevents)
q HybridDynamicControlArchitecturecentralized(e.g.,HPCforfaster-than-real-&meinterconnec&on-levelsimula&onANDdecentralized(e.g.,microgrids,electricvehicles,powerelectronics-interfacedgenera&on)
q CyberandPhysicalSecure
Source: DOE, 2011
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New York State Reforming Energy Vision (REV) Initiative
§ IncreasingrequirementsforgridresilienceanerHurricaneSandy
§ Distribu&on–levelelectricitymarket
§ Diversepar&cipants/resources(DR,DG,microgrids,storage,etc.)
§ Distribu&onSystemPlakorm(DSP)
§ Marketplakormandmarketrules
§ Challengesexist–distribu&onOPF,marketclearing,etc.
Argonneissuppor&ngNYREVini&a&ve
Introduc.ontoMicrogrid• Theconceptofmicrogridwasfirstintroducedasasolu&onforthereliableintegra&onofDERs,includingEnergyStorageSystems(ESSs)andcontrollableloads.
• Grid-connectedandislandmodesandtransi&onbetweenthetwomodes
• Reliability,Efficiency,Security,Quality,Sustainability
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MicrogridDefini.on
U.S.DepartmentofEnergyMicrogridExchangeGroup:Amicrogridisagroupofinterconnectedloadsanddistributedenergyresourceswithinclearlydefinedelectricalboundariesthatactsasasinglecontrollableen&tywithrespecttothegrid.Amicrogridcanconnectanddisconnectfromthegridtoenableittooperateinbothgrid-connectedorisland-mode.
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Introduc.ontoMicrogrid 9
…!…!DC Bus
DC Loads
DC Loads
Energy Storage
Energy Storage
Solar Array
Wind Turbine
Plug-in Vehicle
…!…!
AC Bus
Solar Array
Wind Turbine
Plug-in Vehicle
AC Loads
AC Loads
Energy Storage
Energy Storage
AC Sub-grids
DC Sub-grids
Communication Network
External Extension
Coordinatedcontrolandopera.onof:• Distributedsources,
loadsandenergystorage
• Powerelectronicsandpowersystem
• ACsub-gridandDCsub-grid
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DOE FOA 997 - Research, Development, and Testing of a Master Controller with Applications to the Bronzeville Community Microgrid System
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DOE FOA 997 - Research, Development, and Testing of a Master Controller with Applications to the Bronzeville Community Microgrid System
§ Goal:DevelopaMasterControllerforaCommunity(McCom)withapplica&onstotheBronzevilleCommunityMicrogrid(BCM),anddevelopaninterconnectedmicrogridsystemdesignandtestplanintheChicago’sBronzevillecommunity.
§ Tasks:(1)amicrogridtestbed;(2)autonomousmicrogridclusters;(3)cost/benefitanalysisofalterna&vesformicrogrids;(4)newreliabilityandpowerqualitystandardsbasedoncustomerneeds;(5)newratesandtariffstocorrelatemicrogridscosts/benefitsandcustomerpayments;(6)termsandcondi&onsofserviceformicrogridcustomers;(7)marketmechanism;(8)servicedifferen&a&onandrates
§ Impact:McComwillhelpmeettheDOEtargets:(1)98%reduc&oninoutage&meofcri&calloads,(2)20%reduc&oninemissions,and(3)20%improvementinsystemenergyefficiencies.
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Design, Implementation, and Testing Advanced Microgrids
ComEdCommunityMicrogridinBronzevilleChicago
PartneredwithComEdCo.todesignandtestthecommunitymicrogridinBronzevilleChicago
Interac.onsbetweenMul.pleMicrogridsandDistribu.onSystem
Impactanalysisbetweenmul&plemicrogridcontrollersandADMS
ReconfigurableMicrogridstoMi.gatetheInfluenceofNaturalDisasters
Implementdynamicallyreconfigurablemicrogridstofacilitateservicerestora&onanerdisasters
Real-.meTestbedforTes.ngMicrogridControllersandAdvancedApplica.onsinDMS
PartneredwithEatonCo.toimplementthereal-&metestbedbasedonOPAL-RTplakorm
Op.malDesignToolforRemote,ResilientandReliableMicrogrids
PartneredwithLBNLandotherna&onallabstodevelopop&maldesigntoolforremotemicrogrids
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Power Grid Resilience § PRESIDENTIALPOLICYDIRECTIVE/PPD-21ThePresiden&alPolicyDirec&ve(PPD)onCri&calInfrastructureSecurityandResilienceadvancesana&onalunityofefforttostrengthenandmaintainsecure,func&oning,andresilientcri&calinfrastructure.
§ BulkPowerSystemRestora&on– IntegratedRestora&onModel– Restora&onSolu&onRefinement– Solu&onAlgorithms– Op&malBlack-StartResourceProcurement
§ Distribu&onSystemRestora&on– Microgridforma&on– Networkreconfigura&on– Crewscheduling
§ WorkingcloselywithFEMA,MISOandPJM§ TiedtoSmartCi&es
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Argonne’s Comprehensive Set of resilience tools
Prepare
Self-assessment(ERAP-D)
Emergencyplanning(onVCP/
SyncMatrix,SpecialPop,LPAT)
EP/PSRexercise/drill(Scenarios,Threat-Damage,ImpactModels)
Mi&gate
Mi&ga&onassessment
(EPfast,NGfast,POLfast)
Resourcemi&ga&onmeasures,
dependencies(IST-RMI)
Powersystemrestora&on
planning(EGRIP)
Blackstartresourceplanning
(EGRIP)
Respond
Impactassessment
(Threat-Damage,ImpactModels)
Hurricaneassessment(HEADOUT)
Emergencymanagement/
response(onVCP,vBEOC)
Recover
Real-&mePSRanalysis(EGRIP)
Emerge-Manage.,Communica&on,Collabora&on(onVCP/vBEOC)
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Bulk power system restoration• Integrated optimization model
(produces an initial restoration plan)
• Power system simulator (checks restoration plan feasibility)
Distribution system restoration • Distributed multi-agent
coordination scheme for global information discovery
• Dynamic microgrid formation using distributed generation
Bulk Power System Restoration – Highlights of Our Modeling and Analysis Approach
§ Advancedsimulatorthatvalidatesrestora&onplans(e.g.,lineoverloading,frequencyexcursion,voltagelimits,etc.)
§ Integratedrestora&onofbothbulkpoweranddistribu&onsystems
§ Integratedmodelthatsimultaneouslyop&mizessystemsec&onaliza&onandgeneratorstartupleadingtoaglobalop&malsolu&on– Maintainload-genera&onbalance– Minimizeoverallrestora&on&me
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Distribution System Restoration - Our Approach § U&lizedistributedgenerators(DGs)andautoma&cswitchestoformseveralmicrogrids
aneralargenaturaldisaster§ Con&nuesupplyingcri&calloads,anermajorgridfaults§ Usedistributedmul&-agentcoordina&onschemeforglobalinforma&ondiscovery:
increasedresilienceovercentralizedcommunica&onschemes(singlepointoffailure)§ Objec&ve:maximizethetotalweightedloadpickedupbyformingmicrogrids
energizedbyDGs§ Mixedintegerlinearprogramming(MILP)
formula&onconsideringbothtopologyandopera&onalconstraints– Decisionvariables:ON/OFFstatusof
remotelycontrolledautoma&cswitches(binary);outputofDG(con&nuous)
– Constraints:Topologyconstraints,powerflowconstraints,voltagerangeconstraints,distribu&oncondi&onconstraints
§ Leadstomoreresilientdistribu&onsystem
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LA RALocal Agent Regional Agent
Two-way communication link
Reference: C. Chen, J. Wang, F. Qiu, D. Zhao, Resilient Distribution System by Microgrids Formation After Natural Disasters, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, in press.
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Conclusions
§ Ourelectricpowerindustryexperiencesunprecedentedchangesatastunningpace
§ Significantsupplysidechangesthatincludecon&nuedrapidgrowthofrenewablesandchangesinourthermalpowergenera&onmixmayleadtochangesinmarkets,systemopera&ons,andsystemplanning
§ Newconsumersandnewtechnologiesmayalterourdemandsitua&onsignificantlyandleadtomoreuncertaintyindemandforecasts
§ Smartgridoffersbothopportuni&esandchallenges§ Newapproachestodatamanagement,analysis,andmodeling
willbeneeded
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Contactinfo:JianhuiWangEnergySystemsDivisionARGONNENATIONALLABORATORY9700SouthCassAvenue,Bldg.362Argonne,IL60439Tel:[email protected]