introduction to software defined radio (sdr)

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Introduction to Software Defined Radio Pamela O'Shea, OWASP Melbourne App Sec Day 2017 @pamoshea @sdr_melbourne

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Page 1: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Introduction to Software Defined Radio

Pamela O'Shea, OWASP Melbourne App Sec Day 2017@pamoshea @sdr_melbourne

Page 2: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Cyberspectrum Melbourne

Twitter @sdr_melbourne

Email [email protected]

Slack sdr­melbourne.slack.com  (email for an invite)

Meetup https://www.meetup.com/Cyberspectrum­Melbourne

Blog http://randomkeystrokes.com/category/sdr/

Github https://github.com/sdr­melbourne 

YouTube https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLBloqxOXEj4fH7sTT5YULA  (SDR Melbourne Channel)

Page 3: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

ContentsHardwareAntennasSoftwareDSP introFrequency scanningRemote control introSome local frequenicesAirplanesPagersShipsRemote control analysis

Page 4: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Hardware

RTLSDR Dongle: start with one like this from eBay e.g. Realtek chip.

Receive only Range: 64 ­ 1700 MHz approx Cost: $10 approx

Page 5: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Hardware

RTLSDR Dongle: from rtlsdr.com Better components & cooling &  bias tee

Cost: $25 approx Worth the extra 

cost!!!

Page 6: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Hardware

HackRF One Recieve and transmit Half duplex Range: 1 MHz ­ 6 GHz Cost: $400 approx

Page 7: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Hardware

BladeRF Recieve and transmit Full duplex Range: 300MHz ­ 3.8GHz  Cost: $500 approx

Page 8: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Hardware

 USRP e.g. USRP E310  Recieve and transmit  Full duplex  Range: 70 MHz ­ 6 GHz  FPGA  Cost: $5000 approx

Page 9: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Common SDR Antennas

Omnidirectional Directional (high gain) Passive Active (need power)

Page 10: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Whip Antenna

General purpose Portable Not directional

Page 11: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Telescopic Antenna

General purpose Portable Not directional

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Discone Antenna

General purpose  Wideband Not directional

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Turnstile Antenna

Satelitte reception e.g. weather/NOAA

Page 14: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

QFH Antenna

QuadriFilar Helix Satelitte reception e.g. weather/NOAA

Page 15: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

DIY Directional Antennas

Tape Measure

Page 16: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Satelitte DVB­S Antenna

DVB­S digital video transmissions from International Space Station

Page 17: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Software

 GNU Radio: provides signal processing blocks to implement software­defined radios and signal­processing systems

Page 18: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

SoftwareLinux GNU Radio Live Image 

Pentoo 

Ubuntu is highly recommended 

Install with aptitude for older stable version of gnu­radio

Install with pybombs for latest versions

Works on Raspberry Pi too!

Windows SDR# is a good free tool of choice for Windows (same as gqrx on Linux)

Check out Hak5 for tools on Windows

Page 19: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

DSP intro  Modulations

Amplitdue modulation Frequency modulation Phase modulation

 Sampling & Nyquist  Filtering

Low Pass High Pass Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Infinite Impulse Response (IIR)

Page 20: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

AM / FM Modulations

An audio signal (top) may be carried by a carrier signal using AM or FM methods

Page 21: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Phase Modulation

The modulating wave (blue) is modulating the carrier wave (red), resulting in the PM signal (green) 

Page 22: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

DSP intro

 Demos

Page 23: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Frequency Scanning

 Demo

Page 24: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Remote Control Intro

 Demo

Page 25: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Some Local Frequencies

 Demo

Page 26: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Airplanes

Page 27: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

ADS­B

ADS­B: Automatic dependent surveillance – broadcast

Radar replacement Aircraft gets position from satellite and broadcasts it for tracking

No encryption or authentication 1090 Mhz (or 978 Mhz)

Page 28: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

dump1090

$ dump1090 ­­interactive ­­aggressive

Page 29: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

dump1090

$ dump1090 ­­interactive ­­aggressive ­­net

http://localhost:8080

Page 30: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

dump1090

Page 31: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

dump1090

Page 32: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

modes_rx

$ modes_rx ­d ­P use ­s osmocom

Page 33: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Ships

Page 34: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

AIS

AIS: Automatic Identification System

Tracking systems for ships Location Messages Similar to ADS­B 162Mhz

Page 35: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

AIS

$ ais_rx ­s osmocom

Chart plotting tool: opencpnhttp://opencpn.org/ocpn/

Page 36: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

AIS ­ opencpn

Page 37: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Pagers

Page 38: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

POCSAG

POCSAG: Post Office Code Standardisation Advisory Group

Other pager protocols include FLEX Australia uses:

148.3375 MHz (VHF) 450.375 MHz (UHF) 450.325 MHz (UHF)

Page 39: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

multimon­ng $ gqrx 

Tune to a pager frequency

Filter: Wide

Mode: Narrow FM

  $ padsp multimon­ng ­a POCSAG512 ­a POCSAG1200 ­a POCSAG2400 ­f alpha

  $ pauvcontrol

Enable recording from internal sound card

Page 40: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Pagers 

Page 41: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Pagers

Page 42: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Pagers

Page 43: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Pagers

Page 44: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Pagers

Page 45: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Pagers

“key safe located on the Right hand side of the front door – code is 1926”

Page 46: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Pagers

Page 47: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Pagers

Page 48: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Pagers

Page 49: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Pagers 

Page 50: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Remote Control Analysis

Page 51: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Remote Control Analysis

Doorbells Garage doors Baby monitors Home automation Smart Meters

Page 52: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Remotes ­ Doorbells

1) Identify Frequency: 433Mhz (approx)

Page 53: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Remotes ­ Doorbells

2A) Identify Modulation: listening in GQRX

Page 54: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Remotes ­ Doorbells

2B) Open Recoding in Audacity

Page 55: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Remotes ­ Doorbells We can clearly see ON/OFF (0 = OFF, 1 = ON):  Amplitude Modulation

Shorter pulses are 1, Longer pulses are consecutive ones

OOK – On Off Shifting Keying

Page 56: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Remotes ­ Doorbells

3) Capture Raw Data  Check frequency in gqrx and record with a hackrf:

 $ hackrf_transfer ­r 433995700.raw ­f 433995700

Page 57: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Remotes ­ Doorbells

4) Replay without remote  Shift the frequency for transmission down 100Khz to avoid the carrier spike in middle of our signal

 $ hackrf_transfer ­t 433985700.raw ­f 433985700 ­x 20

Page 58: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Questions

Page 59: Introduction to Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Time to try for yourself...