introduction to sql server
DESCRIPTION
Introduction to SQL Server 2008TRANSCRIPT
Overview
What is SQL Server? Creating databases Administration Security Backup
What is SQL Server?
Database management software Own file structure Own logins Own security
Access through 2 main ways: Query Analyzer Enterprise Manager
What is SQL Server?
Consists of 2 Services: MSSQLServer
Data & query processing
SQL Server Agent Scheduled jobs & alerts
Logging In
Windows NT Authentication
SQL Server Authentication
Query Analyzer
Command-based interface Complete access to SQL Server Useful for creating scripts
Enterprise Manager
Graphical User Interface Often more intuitive Easier to visualize
Viewing Available Databases
Query Analyzer Execute sp_helpdb system stored
procedure
Viewing Available Databases
Enterprise Manager Expand Databases
folder
Creating a Database
Enterprise Manager Right-click
Database folder Select New
Database…
Demonstration
Creating medical database
Set growth and file size options
Transaction Log
Records data modifications Rolls forward completed transactions Rolls back incomplete transactions
Data Types
At least 25 data types char, int, float uniqueidentifier, datetime, image
Can define own data types
User-Defined Data Types
Based on existing data types Created with sp_addtype system
stored procedure
Creating Tables
Query Analyzer
Creating Tables
Enterprise Manager Right-click Tables Click New Table…
Creating Tables
Enterprise Manager (cont.) Choose name
Creating Tables
Enterprise Manager (cont.) Create columns
Demonstration
Creating tables for medical database Product Patient Usage
Constraints
Maintain data integrity Domain Integrity Entity Integrity Referential Integrity
Constraints (cont.)
Primary Key Entity Integrity
Foreign Key Referential Integrity
CHECK Constraint Domain Integrity
Add Primary Key
Query Analyzer
Add Primary Key
Enterprise Manager Right-click column of interest Set Primary Key
Add Foreign Keys
Query Analyzer
Add CHECK
Query Analyzer
View Constraints
Query Analyzer Execute sp_helpconstraint
system stored procedure
Rules
Specify allowed values for columns Example
Allowed states: PA, WV, OH
Creating Rules
Query Analyzer Create rule with CREATE RULE statement Bind rule with sp_bindrule system stored
procedure Unbind with sp_unbindrule
Create Rules
Enterprise Manager Input only rule
name and definition
Create Rules
Enterprise Manager (cont.) Bind rule
Open rule properties
Creating Rules
Enterprise Manager (cont.) Bind Rule (cont.)
Click Bind Columns… on Rule Properties
Select table and column
Inserting Data
Query Analyzer Use INSERT
statement
Inserting Data
Enterprise Manager Right-click table name Select Open Table ► Return all rows
Inserting Data
Enterprise Manager (cont.) Type values as needed
Stored Procedures
Collection of SQL statements Can accept variables Can be used for security
Users can be granted right to use stored procedure, even if they do not have access to underlying tables
Creating Stored Procedures
Query Analyzer Use CREATE PROCEDURE statement Define variables as @variable_name
Using Stored Procedures
Use EXEC procedure_name Pass values by reference or position
Transactions
Process statements as a group Must be committed
“All-or-nothing” – All statements are committed or none are
If interrupted, transaction is rolled back automatically
Transactions
Query Analyzer Use BEGIN TRANSACTION and
COMMIT TRANSACTION statements Use ROLLBACK TRANSACTION to
cancel
Transaction Example
Committed transaction Rolled back transaction Interrupted transaction
Views
Specify how data is seen Focus data Security
Grant permissions on Views
Creating Views
Query Analyzer Use CREATE VIEW statement
Creating Views
Enterprise Manager Add tables
Views
Enterprise Manager (cont.) Select column
names Enter Aliases
Security
User Management Roles Logins Users
Program Security
Roles
Operations that members of role can perform
Users are assigned roles
Creating Roles
Type Role name Select Standard
Role
Creating Roles
Open Role properties
Click Permissions button
Creating Roles
Set allowed actions Table actions Allowed Views Allowed Stored
Procedures
Logins
Allow users to log in to SQL Server
Defined under Security folder
Creating Logins
Input Login name Set password Set defaults
Creating Logins
Choose allowed databases
Select Roles
Users
Who is allowed to access database
Role user has
Setting Users
Only necessary if you did not set during login creation
Program Security
SQL Server Home Page http://www.microsoft.com/sql
News, tips, & tools
Program Security
Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer (MBSA) Runs under Windows 2000 or XP Checks program settings & security
patches Useful for many Microsoft programs,
including SQL Server 7.0 and 2000
Program Security
MBSA can be downloaded at: http://www.microsoft.com/technet/treeview/default.asp
?url=/technet/security/tools/Tools/mbsahome.asp
Backup
Create Backup Device Container for your database
Schedule Backup jobs
Creating a Backup Device
Enterprise Manager Look under
Management folder
Creating a Backup Device
Enterprise Manager (cont.) Set name Set location
Backing Up
Back up and restore from Databases folder
Backing Up
Select your backup device as the Destination
Set a schedule if desired
Check Jobs
Check backup jobs under SQL Server Agent under the Management folder