introduction to studying french
TRANSCRIPT
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Introduction to StudyingFrench
Contents:
Lesson 1: Introducing yourself
Lesson 2: Basic Grammar
Lesson 3: Travelling
Lesson 4: Verbs
Lesson 5: Recreation
Lesson 6: Past Tense
Lesson 7: Family
Lesson 8: School
Lesson 9: Food and Drink
Lesson 10: Shopping
Lesson 11: The House
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Lesson 12: The Body
Lesson 1: Introducing yourself
Example Dialog 1
Two good friendsMarie and Jeanare meeting:
Marie: Salut Jean. a va ?Jean: a va bien, merci. Et toi, a va ?Marie: Pas mal.
Jean: Quoi de neuf ?Marie: Pas grand-chose.Marie: Au revoir Jean.
Jean: Au revoir, demain.
Vocabulary 1
bonjour, salut hello (formal), hi (informal)
a va ? how are you?a va bien I'm doing well
merci thank you
et toi ? et vous ? and you? (informal) and you? (formal)
pas mal not bad
quoi de neuf ? what's new with you?
pas grand-chose not much
au revoir bye
demain see you tomorrow
Example Dialog 2
Two personsMonsieur Bernard and Monsieur Lambertare meeting for the first time:
Monsieur Bernard: Bonjour. Comment vous appelez-vous ?
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Monsieur Lambert: Je m'appelle Jean-Paul Lambert. Et vous ?Monsieur Bernard: Moi, je suis Marc Bernard. Enchant.Monsieur Lambert: Enchant.
Vocabulary 2
bonjour hello; good daycomment vous appelez-vous ? what is your name? (formal)
e m'appelle my name is
vous you (formal)
moi me
e suis I am
enchant(e) enchanted; nice to meet you
Notes
Technically, "vous" is a plural form of "you". English doesn't have a singular andplural/formal version of "you" (although "thou" used to be the singular version in the daysof Shakespeare). In colloquial English, this would be the equivalent of "y'all" (in someAmerican English dialects) or "you guys". However, in formal occasions, "vous" is used as asingular "you".
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Lesson 2: Basic Grammar
Grammar: Gender of Nouns
In French, all nouns are masculine or feminine.
Most nouns that express entities with gender (people and animals) use both a feminine
form and a masculine form (e.g., acteur (m.), actrice (f.)).
The nouns that express entities without gender (e.g., objects and abstract concepts) haveonly one form. This form can be masculine or feminine.
There are some nouns that express entities with gender for which there is only one form,which is used regardless of the actual gender of the entity (e.g., personne (always f.),professeur (always m.)).
Examples:
Masculine
le cheval the horse
le chien the dog
le l ivre the book
le bruit the noise
Some endings that are usually used with masculine nouns are:
-
agele fromage
the
cheese
-rle the
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professeur teacher
-t le chat the cat
Feminine
la colombe the dove
la chemise the shirt
la maison the house
la libert liberty
Some endings that are usually used with feminine nouns are:
-iela
boulangeriethe bakery
-ion la nation the nation
-
ite/-it
la fraternit brotherhood
Grammar: Definite and Indefinite Articles
The Definite Article
In English, the definite article is always the.
In French, the definite article is different, depending on whether the noun is feminine,masculine, singular, or plural, as well as whether the noun begins with a vowel (a, e,i, o, u, or silent h).
singular feminine la la fillethe
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daughter
masculine le le fils the son
singular, starting with a
vowel sound l lenfant the child
plural les
les
filles
the
daughters
les fils the sons
The Indefinite Article
In English, the indefinite articles are "a" and "an" (both singular, there being no pluralindefinite articleyou'd say "articles", not "an articles").
In French, there are different forms for feminine, masculine, singular, and plural indefinitearticles.
singular
feminine une une fille a daughter
masculine un un fils a son
plural des
des filles daughters
des fils sons
Grammar: Subject pronouns
French has six different types of pronouns: the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd person singular and the1st, 2nd, and 3rd person plural.
1stsingularje I
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person plural nous we
2nd
person
singular tu you
plural vous you
3rd
person
singularil, elle,
onhe, she, one
pluralils,
elles
they (masculine), they
(feminine)
When referring to more than one person in the 2nd person, vous must be used. Whenreferring to a single person, vous or tu may be used; vous is used to show respect
(e.g., to a teacher) or formality (e.g., between businessmen), while tu is used informally(e.g., between friends).
When using the 3rd person plural and referring to a group of both males and females, themale form is used.
In everyday language, on is used, instead of nous, to express we; the verb is alwaysused in the 3rd person singular. For example, (colloqial) On se rencontre au cinma septheures. (cf. (formal) Nous nous rencontrons au cinma sept heures.)
Grammar: The verb tre
tre can be translated to to be. Here, we will look at the conjugations in thepresentindicative. There is one conjugation for each of the six subject pronouns.(For allconjugations shown in this book, the il conjugation is the same as the elleconjugation, and the ils conjugation is the same as the elles conjugation.)
tre
1st person
singular (je) suis
plural (nous) sommes
2nd person
singular (tu) es
plural (vous) tes
3rd person
singular (il/elle/on) est
plural (ils/elles) sont
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Examples
Je suis avocat. I am (a) lawyer.
Tu es la banque. You are at the bank.
Il est beau. He is handsome.
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Lesson 3: Travelling
Vocabulary: Nationalities
In general, nationalities work just like regular adjectives: they have to match the noun ofthe sentence in terms of gender and singular/plural. In French, the nationalities are notcapitalized.
Here is a list of nationalities:
Masculine Feminine English
allemand allemande German
amricain amricaine American
anglais anglaise English
australien
australienne
Australian
belge belge Belgian
canadien canadienne Canadian
chinois chinoise Chinese
coren corenne Korean
espagnol espagnole Spanish
franais franaise French
indien indienne Indian
italien italienne Italian
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japonais japonaise Japanese
mauricien mauricienne Mauritian
nerlandais nerlandaise Dutch
portugais portugaise Portuguese
sudois sudoise Swedish
suisse suisse Swiss
Vocabulary: Traveling
il y a there is, there are
laroport airport
lautobus bus
lavion aircraft, airplane
les bagages baggage
le billet ticket (for train, airplane)
le mtro subway, underground
la poste post office
le taxi taxi
le ticket ticket (for bus, mtro)
le train train
la valise suitcase
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la voiture car
Vocabulary: Colors
Masculine Feminine English
blanc blanche white
gris grise gray
noir noire black
rouge rouge red
orange orange orange
jaune jaune yellow
vert verte green
bleu bleue blue
violet violette violet
marron marronbrown (everything
but hair)
brun brune brown (hair)
rose rose pink
Vocabulary: Numbers 0100
0 zro 10 dix 20 vingt 30 trente
1 un(e) 11 onze 21 vingt et un(e) 31 trente et un(e)
2 deux 12 douze 22 vingt-deux 32 trente-deux
3 trois 13 treize 23 vingt-trois 40 quarante
4 quatre 14 quatorze 24 vingt-quatre 50 cinquante
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5 cinq 15 quinze 25 vingt-cinq 60 soixante
6 six 16 seize 26 vingt-six 70 soixante-dix
7 sept 17 dix-sept 27 vingt-sept 71 soixante et onze
8 huit 18 dix-huit 28 vingt-huit 72 soixante-douze
9 neuf 19 dix-neuf 29 vingt-neuf 73 soixante-treize
80 quatre-vingts
BUT: quatre-vingt un
90 quatre-vingt-dix
91 quatre-vingt-onze
92 quatre-vingt-douze
93 quatre-vingt-treize
100 cent(s)
Listen:Numbers from 0 to 9 (ogg)
Belgian and Swiss French use septante in place of soixante-dix, which makes septanteet un(e), etc., and nonante in place of quatre-vingt-dix, which makes nonante etun(e), etc.
Vocabulary: Time
In French, il est is used to express the time; though it would literally translate as he is,it is actually, in this case, equivalent to it is. Unlike in English, it is always important touse heures (hours) when referring to the time. In English, it is OK to say, Its nine,but this wouldnt make sense in French.
Quelle heure est-il ? What time is it?
Il est une heure. It is one oclock.
Il est trois heures. It is three oclock.
Il est dix heures. It is ten oclock.
Il est midi. It is noon.
Il est minuit. It is midnight.
Il est quatre heures cinq. It is five past four.
Il est quatre heures et quart. It is a quarter past four.
Il est quatre heures quinze. It is four fifteen.
Il est quatre heures et demie. It is half past four.
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Il est quatre heures trente. It is four thirty.
Il est quatre heures quarante. It is four forty.
Vocabulary: Days
Quel jour sommes-nous aujourdhui ? What day is it?
Nous sommes... It is...
lundi Monday
mardi Tuesday
mercredi Wednesday
jeudi Thursday
vendredi Friday
samedi Saturday
dimanche Sunday
hier yesterday
aujourdhui today
demain tomorrow
Notes:
Quel jour est-il ?is equivalent to Quel jour sommes-nous ?.Quel jour est-il ?can be answered withIl est... .Nous sommes... andIl est... are, of course, not used with hier, aujourdhui,or demain.
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Lesson 4: Verbs
Grammar- Regular Verbs
French has three different types of regular verbs: -er, -ir, and -re verbs. To conjugate, dropthe -er, -ir, or -re to find the "stem" or "root". Add endings to the root based on the subjectand tense, as demonstrated below for the present tense. Conjugations forjouer(toplay), finir(to finish), and attendre (to wait) are shown as examples.
-er verbs
je -e joue
tu -es joues
il -e joue
nous -ons jouons
vous -ez jouez
ils -ent jouent
-ir verbs
je -is finis
tu -is finis
il -i fini
nous -issons finissons
vous -issez finissez
ils -issent finissent
-re verbs
je (j') -s attends
tu -s attends
il - attend
nous -ons attendons
vous -ez attendez
ils -ent attendent
Note: In all conjugations,je changes toj' when followed by a vowel. Example: J'attends.Also, as a rule of thumb: "h" is considered a vowel; as in "J'habite...".
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Grammar- Faire The verb faire is translated to to do or to make. It is irregularly conjugated (it does notcount as a regular -re verb) as follows:
faire
je fais
tu fais
il fait
nous faisons
vous faites
ils font
The third person form offaire (il fait) can also be used to describe weather conditions asfollows (This form is called impersonal form):
Il fait beau. The weather is nice.
Il fait mauvais. The weather is bad.
Il fait chaud. It is hot.
Il fait froid. It is cold.
Il fait frais. It is cool.
Il fait humide. It is wet.
Il fait sec. It is dry.
Grammar - Avoir
The verb avoirtranslates to to have. It is not a regular -ir verb; it is irregularly conjugated.
avoir
j' ai
tu as
il a
nous avons
vous avez
ils ont
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Lesson 5: Recreation
Example Dialog
Here is a short dialog about people planning/doing leisure activities. Besides the newvocabulary you should also have a look at how the verbs are conjugated depending on thesubject of the sentence.
Jean-Paul : Qu'est-ce que vous faites ?Marc et Paul : Nous jouons au tennis.Marie : Je finis mes devoirs.Michel : J'attends mon ami.Pierre : Je vais au parc.
Christophe : Je viens du stade.
Vocabulary for Dialog
Qu'est-ce que vous faites ? What are you doing?
faire to do
jouer to play
finir to finish
(mes) devoirs (my) homework
attendre to wait (for)
(mon) ami(e) (my) friend
aller to go
le parc park
venir to come
le stade stadium
Grammar - and De The preposition can indicate a destination, a location, a characteristic, measurement, apoint in time, purpose, and several other things which will be covered later.
When le follows , the and le combine into au. Similarly, and les combine into aux.
The preposition de can indicate an origin, contents, possession, cause, manner, and severalother things which will be covered later.
When le follows de, the de and le combine into du. Similarly, de and les combine into des.
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Grammar - A ller The verb alleris translated to to go. It is irregularly conjugated (it does not count as aregular -er verb) as follows:
aller
je vais
tu vas
il va
nous allons
vous allez
ils vont
Alleris used with the preposition . Example:Je vais au stade .
Grammar - Venir
The verb veniris translated to to come. It is irregularly conjugated (it does not count as aregular -ir verb) as follows:
venir
je viens
tu viens
il vient
nous venons
vous venez
ils viennent
When it means to come from , veniris used with the preposition de. Example: Nous venonsdu stade.
You can also use venirwith a verb to state that you have recently accomplished an action.Example: Je viens de finir mes devoirs (I just now finished my homework).
Vocabulary - Placesla bibliothque library (caution: a librairie is a bookshop)
le parc park
la piscine swimming pool
la plage beach
le restaurant restaurant
la salle de concert concert hall
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le stade stadium
le thtre theater
Grammar - Jouer
The verbjoueris a regular -er verb meaning to play. It can be used to refer to both sportsand instruments.
When referring to sports, usejouer , but when referring to instruments, usejouer de...
As always,jouermust be conjugated rather than left in the infinitive.
jouer ()
au baseball baseball
au basket basketball
au foot soccer
au football amricain American football
au golf golf
au tennis tennis
au volley volleyball
aux cartes cards
aux dames checkers/ draughts
aux checs chess
jouer (de)
de la clarinette clarinet
du piano piano
de la batterie drums (singular in French)
du violon violin
de la guitare guitar
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Lesson 6: Past Tense
Grammar - Past Tense
Pass compos,pass simple, imparfaitandplus-que-parfaitare the four most commonpast tenses in French, thoughpass simpleis used in writing only.
Pass compos
It is a compound tense--it has two parts. The first is the auxiliary verb, the second isthepast participle. Every verb has one past participle that does not change (there are someexceptions, as one will learn later).
There are two auxiliary verbs: avoirand tre. One must only conjugate the proper auxiliary,and then merely add on the past participle.
To find the past participle, the stem of the infinitive must be determined. To do so, drop the-er, -ir, -oir or -re, as usual. Then, add an ending as shown in the following table:
Example Verb Remove Ending Add Ending Example P. Part
ouer -er - ou
finir -ir -i fini
vouloir -oir -u voulu
attendre -re -u attendu
However, the verbs avoir, tre, and faire have irregular past participles.
verb P. Part.
avoir eu
tre t
faire fait
Most verbs form thepass compos with avoir, however there are a small number of verbsthat are always conjugated with tre. The most common are:
verb example
aller Je suis all au cinma.
venir Il est venu chez nous.
arriver Le train est arriv.
partir Elle est partie travailler.
rester Je suis rest la maison.
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retourner Il est retourn au restaurant.
tomber Je suis tomb dans la piscine.
natre Je suis n en octobre.
mourir Il est mort en 1917.
passer Il est pass devant la maison.monter Je suis mont au sommet.
descendre Il est descendu du train.
sortir Je suis sorti avec des amies.
entrer Je suis entr dans ma chambre.
rentre Il est rentr tt de l'cole.[edit]
Pass simple
Unlike English, there is a literary past tense, used when writing formally. This past tense isnamed thepass simple. It is relatively simple to predict when to use this tense; for everyoccurrence of thepass compos in conversational French, one simply uses thepass
simple in literary French.
To conjugate in this tense, one finds the stem and appends the following, as according tothe table:
Subject Add Ending Conjugated Verb
Je -ai dansai
Tu -as dansas
Il / Elle / On -a dansa
Nous -mes dansmes
Vous -tes danstes
Ils / Elles -rent dansrent[edit]
Imparfait
In order to congugate the imperfect,
take the 1st person plural of the verb you want to conjugate:
jouer (to play)
singular plural
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1st person je joue nous jouons
2nd person tu joues vous jouez
3rd person il joue ils jouent
Remove the -ons ending to find the stem, and add these endings:
subject endingjouer (nous jouons) finir (nous finissons) attendre (nous attendons)
je -ais jouais finissais attendais
tu -ais jouais finissais attendais
il/elle/on -ait jouait finissait attendait
nous -ions jouions finissions attendions
vous -iez jouiez finissiez attendiez
ils/elles/ -aient jouaient finissaient attendaient
[edit]
Plus-que-parfait
Theplus-que-parfaitis used when there are two occurrences in the past and one wants tosymbolise that one occurrence happened before the other. In English, this is used in aphrase like "I had given him the toy before he went to sleep." In this example, there are
two past tenses, but they occur at different times. The plus-que-parfaitcan be used toindicate the occurrence of one before the other.
In French, theplus-que-parfaitis formed by conjugating the auxiliary verb inthe imparfaitand adding the past participle. So to conjugateje mange (I eat) in theplus-que-parfait, one finds the appropriate auxiliary verb (avoir), conjugates it (avais) and findsthe past participle ofmanger(mang). So, the conjugation ofJe mange in theplus-que-
parfaitbecomesj'avais mang or, in English,I had eaten.
[edit]
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Examples
J'ai parl franais. I spoke French (on one particular occasion).
Je parlais franais.I spoke French (during a period of time, and I don't speak French anymore).
Nous avons russil'examen.
We passed the test.
Il a t mon ami. He was my friend (and he is not my friend any more)
Il tait mon ami lorsque... He was my friend when . . .
Ils ont fait leurs devoirs. They did their homework.
Il est venu. He came (and I don't need to say when)
Il vint le lendemain. He came the day after.
Il venait tous les jours. He came/used to come every day.
Il tait dj venu. He had already come.[edit]Grammar - Object Pronouns
[edit]
Direct Objects
While the subject of a sentence initiates an action (the verb), the direct object is the onethat is affected by the action. A direct object pronoun is used to refer to the direct object ofa previous sentence:
Pierre mange du pain. Pierre eats some bread.Pierre le mange. Pierre eats it.
The following table shows the various types of direct object pronouns:
me/ m' me
te/ t' you
le/ l' he, it
la/ l' she, it
nous usvous you
les them
Notes:
The pronoun form with an apostrophe is used before a vowel.
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The direct object pronoun for nous and vous is the same as the subject.[edit]
Indirect Objects
An indirect object is an object that would be asked for with To whom...?or From whom...?.It is called indirect because it occurs usually together with a direct object which is affecteddirectly by the action:
L'homme donne du pain Pierre. The man gives some bread to Pierre.
Il lui donne du pain. He gives bread to him.
The following table shows the various types of direct object pronouns:
me/ m' me
te/ t' yoului he, she, it
nous us
vous you
leur them
Notes:
The pronoun form with an apostrophe is used before a vowel.The direct object pronoun for nous and vous is the same as the subject.
The bread is given by the man (direct). Pierregets the given apple (indirect).
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Lesson 7: Family
Vocabulary - The Family
les parents parents
le pre father
la mre mother
le frre brother
la soeur sister
les enfants children
le fils son
la fille daughter
les grand-parents grandparents
le grand-pre grandfather
la grand-mre grandmother
les petits-enfants grandchildren
le petit-fils grandson
la petite-fille granddaughter
l'oncle uncle
la tante aunt
le neveu nephew
la nice niece
le cousin cousin (m)
la cousine cousin (f)
le mari husband
la femme wife
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Lesson 8: School
Grammar - Negation
In order to say that one did notdo something, the ne ... pas construction must be used.The ne is placed before the verb, while thepas is placed after.
Examples
Il est avocat. He is [a] lawyer.
Il n'est pas avocat. He is not [a] lawyer.
Nous faisons nos devoirs. We do our homework.
Nous ne faisons pas nos devoirs. We do not do our homework.
Je joue du piano. I play the piano.
Je ne joue pas du piano. I do not play the piano.
Vous vendez votre voiture. You sell your car.
Vous ne vendez pas votre voiture. You do not sell your car.
When negating with the indefinite article (un, une), the indefinite article changes to de.
Examples
Il a une pomme. He has an apple.Il n'a pas de pomme. He does not have an apple.
Nous lisons un livre. We read a book.
Nous ne lisons pas de livre. We do not read a book.
Je mange une cerise. I eat a cherry.
Je ne mange pas de cerise. I do not eat a cherry.
When negating in thepass compos, the ne ... pas (in this case, n'... pas) are placedaround the auxilary avoir.
Vocabulary - School
le professeur teacher
l'tudiant student (m)
l'tudiante student (f)
le stylo pen
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le crayon pencil
la calculatrice calculator
le pupitre desk
le tableau chalkboard
la craie chalk
le livre book
le cahier notebook
le papier paper
la feuille de papier sheet of paper
l'cole (f) school
le collge high school (grades 6-9)
le lyce high school (grades 10-12)
l'universit (f) university
la bibliothque library
l'examen (m) test
les devoirs homework
la classe class
intelligent intelligent
stupide stupid
Note:The wordprofesseuris considered masculine at all times, even if the teacher isfemale.
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Lesson 9: Food and Drink
General
la cuisine kitchen
la salle manger dining room
le restaurant restaurant
avoir faim to be hungry
avoir soif to be thirsty
manger to eat
boire to drink
prendre to take
vouloir to want
le repas the meal
le petit-djeuner breakfast
le djeuner lunch
le dner dinner
Belgian French has an of by one behaviour with meals : breakfast is called djeuner, lunch
is called dnerand dinner issouper.Fruits and Vegetables
les fruits fruits
la banane banana
la cerise cherry
le citron lemon
la fraise strawberry
l'orange (f) orange
la pomme apple
le raisin grape
les lgumes vegetables
la carotte carrot
les pinards spinach
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l'oignon (m) onion
les petits pois peas
la pomme de terre potato
la tomate tomato
Meat and Seafood
la viande meat
l'agneau lamb
la dinde turkey
le jambon ham
le porc pork
le poulet chicken
le boeuf beef
le saucisson sausage
le poisson fish
les anchois anchovies
le saumon salmon
Dairy Products
les produits laitiers dairy products
le beurre butter
le fromage cheese
le lait milk
le yaourt/le yoghurt yogurt
Drinks
les boissons drinks
la bire beer
le caf coffee
le chocolat chaud hot chocolate
la limonade lemonade
l'eau (f) water
le jus juice
le jus d'orange orange juice
le jus de pomme apple juice
le jus de raisin grape juice
le th tea
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le vin wine
Desserts
le dessert dessert
le bonbon candy
le chocolat chocolate
le gteau cake
la glace ice cream
la mousse mousse
la tarte pie
Other Foods
la confiture jam
les frites French fries
la mayonnaise mayonnaise
la moutarde mustard
le pain bread
le poivre pepper
le riz rice
le sel salt
le sucre sugar
Silverware, Etc.
l'assiette (f) plate
le bol bowl
le couteau knife
la cuillre spoon
la fourchette fork
la serviette napkin
la tasse cup
le verre glass
Grammar - Manger
The verb mangeris translated to to eat. It is a regular -er verb that isstem changing. Stemchanging verbs have slight changes in the stem, but use endings employed in conjugatingother regular verbs.
For mangerand all other regular -ger verbs, the stem change is adding an e after theg. Thisonly applies in the nous form. In this case, the change is made to preserve thesoftg pronunciation rather than the hard g that would be present if the e were not
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included.
manger
je mange
tu manges
il mange
nous mangeons
vous mangez
ils mangent
Grammar - Bo ire
The verb boire is translated to to drink. It is irregularly conjugated (it does not count as aregular -re verb) as follows:
boire
je bois
tu bois
il boit
nous buvons
vous buvez
ils boivent
The irregular past participle for boire is bu.
Grammar - Vouloir
The verb vouloiris translated to to want. It is irregularly conjugated (it does not count as aregular -ir verb) as follows:
vouloir
je veux
tu veux
il veut
nous voulons
vous voulez
ils veulent
Grammar - Partitive Article
The partitive article de indicates, among other things, the wordsome. As learntearlier, de and le contract (combine) into du, as deand les contract into des. Also, insteadofdu or de la, de l'is used in front of vowels.
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When speaking about food, the partitive article is used at some times while the definitearticle (le, la, les) is used at other times, and the indefinite article (un, une) in yet anotherset of situations.
When speaking about preferences, use the definite article:
J'aime la glace. I like ice cream.
Nous prfrons le steak. We prefer steak.
Vous aimez les frites You like French fries.
When speaking about eating or drinking an item, there are specific situations for the use ofeach article.
Def. Art.Specific and whole
items.J'ai mang la tarte.
I ate the (whole)
pie.
Ind. Art. A known quantity.J'ai mang une
tarte.I ate a pie.
Part.Art.
An unknown quantity. J'ai mang de latarte.
I ate some pie.
In the negative construction, certain rules apply. As one has learnt in a previouslesson, un or une changes to de (meaning, in this context, any) in a negative construction.Similarly, du, de la, or des change to de in negative constructions.
Nous avons mang une tarte. We ate a pie.
Nous n'avons pas mang de
tarte.
We did not eat a pie/ We did not eat any
pie.
Nous avons mang de la tarte. We ate some pie.
Nous n'avons pas mang detarte.
We did not eat some pie/ We did not eat anypie.
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Lesson 9: Shopping
Vocabulary - Shopping
faire les courses do the shopping
acheter to buy
vendre to sell
payer to pay
le magasin shop; store
la boucherie butcher's shop
la boulangerie bakery
la charcuterie pork shopl'picerie grocery
le march outdoor market
la ptisserie pastry shop
la pharmacie pharmacy
Grammar - Acheter
The verb achetertranslates to to buy. It is a regular -er verb, but, like manger, it is stemchanging. Unlike manger, the stem change applies to all forms exceptnous and vous. Thestem change, which applies in all verbs with an e in the second-to-last syllable, involvesadding a grave accent ( ` ) over the e in the stem, as shown in the following table:
acheter
j' achte
tu achtes
il achte
nous achetons
vous achetez
ils achtent
Grammar - Payer
The verbpayertranslates to to pay. It is a regular -er verb, but, it is also stem changing.Like acheter, the stem change applies to all forms exceptnous and vous. The stem change,which applies in all verbs ending in -yer, involves changing the yto an i, as shown in thefollowing table:
payer
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je paie
tu paies
il paie
nous payons
vous payez
ils paient
Grammar - Vendre
The verb vendre is a regular -re verb:
vendre
je vends
tu vends
il vend
nous vendons
vous vendez
ils vendent
Practise Conversations
Let's practise some of these words and verbs in some everyday shopping talk:
1. la boulangerie (At the bakery)
Bernard (le boulanger) : Bonjour madame
Camille (la cliente) : Bonjour monsieur
Bernard : Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ?
Camille :Je voudrais acheter une baguette, s'il vous plat
Bernard : C'est tout ?
Camille : Non, je voudrais deux croissants aussi
Bernard : Trs bien - a fait deux euros, s'il vous plat
Camille : Merci beaucoup
Useful vocabulary here:
"Qu'est-ce que vous voulez ?" - What would you like?
"Je voudrais..." - I would like . . .
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"C'est tout ?" - Is that all?
"a fait deux euros" - That'll be two euros
Remember your verb - acheter (to buy).
2.Au march (At the market)
Marie (la marchande) : Bonjour monsieur
Clment (le client) : Bonjour madame
Clment : Qu'est-ce que vous avez vendre ?
Marie :J'ai un grand choix de fruits et lgumes
Clment : Trs bien. Est-ce que vous avez des cerises ?
Marie : Oui... elles cotent deux euros le kilo
Clment : Bon, je voudrais trois kilos, s'il vous plat
Marie : Trs bien, monsieur. Alors, pour trois kilos il faut payer six euros, s'il vous plat.
Useful vocabulary here:
"Qu'est-ce que vous avez... ?" - What do you have?
"Un grand choix" - A large range
"Des cerises" - Some cherries
"Elles cotent deux euros le kilo" - They (feminine) cost two euros per kilo
"Il faut" - One must/You need to
Remember your verbs - vendre (to sell) and payer (to pay).
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Lesson 11: The House
Vocabulary pertaining to the household: French English
La maison House/Home
La pice Room
Le plafond Ceiling
Le sol Ground
La cave Basement
Le grenier Attic
La cuisine KitchenLa salle manger Dining room
La salle de bain Bathroom
La chambre coucher Bedroom
Les toilettes (f) (no singular) Water-closet
La porte Door
La fentre Window
Le toit Roof
Le mur Wall
L'escalier (m) Stair
L'tage (m) Level
Le rideau Curtain
La chaise Chair
La table Table
L'armoire (f) Cupboard
Le lit Bed
Le tapis Carpet
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Lesson 11: The Body
Here is the vocabulary to speak about body parts : French English
La tte Head
Le corps Body
Le bras Arm
La jambe Leg
La poitrine Chest
Le ventre Belly
L'paule (f) ShoulderLe coude Elbow
Le poignet Wrist
La main Hand
Le doigt Finger
Le genou Knee
Le pied Foot
L'orteil (m) Toe
L'oeil (m) (pl. les yeux) Eye
La bouche Mouth
La dent Tooth
Le nez Nose
L'oreille (f) Ear
Le cou Neck
La langue Tongue
Les cheveux Hair
L'ongle (m) Nail
Le poumon LungL'estomac (m) Stomach
Le coeur Heart
Le foie Liver
L'instestin (m) Intestine
L'os (m) Bone
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Le crne Skull
Le muscle Muscle
Le cerveau Brain
La rate Spleen
And here is the vocabulary for body positions :
French English
Debout Standing
Assis Seating
Couch Laying down
genoux Kneeling
Accroupi Squatted