Introduction to sustainable engineering

Module IVJISHNU M

ASSISTANT PROFESSORMECHANICAL ENGINEERING

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING CHENGANNUR

What is a “Green Building”“Green Buildings” are high performance structures that

also meet certain standards for reducing natural resource consumption

“Green” or “Sustainable” buildings are characterized by:• efficient management of energy and water resources • management of material resources and waste • restoration and protection of environmental quality • enhancement and protection of health and indoor

environmental quality

PNC Place in WashingtonSituated in USALEED certified building

Anna Centenary Library Started construction in

2008 and opened to public in 2010

3.75 lakh sq. ft., encompasses ground and eight floors.

LEED Gold rated building located in Chennai.

KZF Design Headquarters

Constructed in 1915The 36,000 SF three-

story reinforced concrete structure is the LEED Gold and ENERGY STAR® certified building

Originally the home of the US Shoe Machinery Company

Green materials for building construction• Recycled Materials• Reused Materials• Sustainably Harvested Materials• Non-Toxic Materials• Local Materials

LEED• Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design• It is a green building certification program that

recognizes best-in-class building strategies and practices. • To receive LEED certification, building projects satisfy

prerequisites and earn points to achieve different levels of certification.

• Prerequisites and credits differ for each rating system, and teams choose the best fit for their project.

LEED certification steps:• 1. Register your project by completing key forms

and submitting payment. • 2. Apply for LEED certification by submitting your

completed certification application through LEED Online and paying a certification review fee.• 3.Review. Your LEED application is reviewed by

GBCI. • 4. Certify. Receive the certification decision. If

you’ve earned LEED certification.

GRIHAGRIHA-Green Rating for Integrated Habitat AssesmentDeveloped in 2005Developed by CRSBS (Centre for Research on sustainable

building science) in the The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) , New Delhi

GRIHA has been accepted as a national rating system by GOI in November 2007

GRIHA Council, is an independent platform (registered as a society) for the interaction on scientific and administrative issues related to sustainable habitats in the Indian context

Urbanization & Population Growth

1901

1911

1921

1931

1941

1951

1961

1971

1981

1991

2001

0

20

40

60

80

100

India's Urbanization

Urban (%) Rural (%)

Census Years

Perc

enta

ge(%

)

-

200,000,000

400,000,000

600,000,000

800,000,000

1,000,000,000

1,200,000,000

India's Population Growth

Census Years

Popula

tion (

Millions)

Population of India will reach from current 1.2bn to 1.4bn by 2025

By 2030, 40.8% (600mn) of India’s population will be living in urban areas compared to current 28.4%

Methods for increasing energy efficiency of buildings• Behaviour change• Physical improvements to reduce energy waste

(e.g. insulation, efficient heating) • Renewable technologies

Behaviour change

• The people using the building should be trained to efficiently use the equipments like heaters,lights etc

Physical improvements to reduce energy wasteInsulation and draughtproofing• Roof insulation • Wall insulation • Sealing gaps around windows, doors or floor skirting • Double glazing • Floor insulation Space and water heating New boiler/heating system New heating controls (e.g. timers, programmers, thermostatic radiator

valves) Point-of-use water heaters Insulation of hot water pipework and hot water cylinderLighting Slim-line ‘T5’ tubes in place of fluorescent lights Low-energy ‘compact fluorescent lamps’ (CFLs) in place of standard

bulbs Timers and motion sensors

Contd……….Electrical appliances Replace old appliances with more energy efficient

ones (i.e. A rated or higher) Programmable on/off timers Energy saving settings on computers Water useFit water saving devices to taps (e.g. lower flow

taps, aerated taps, flow regulators)Fix leaky taps and pipes Rainwater harvesting

Renewable EnergyElectricity• Solar PV • Micro-wind Heat • Solar hot water (solar thermal) • Biomass boiler • Heat pump (ground source, air source or water

source)

Sustainable construction

materials

Goals to be achieved by Sustainable construction materials

• Reduce the demand on limited resources from the environment• Increase the energy efficiency of the building• Do less harm to environment and its occupants

ENVIRONMENTALLY PREFERRED PRODUCTS• Recyclable /reusable• Energy efficient• Low in embodied energy• Low in toxic substance• Reduced packaging• Water efficient

Waste generated in 1996 (US)• 136 million tons of construction and demolition

debris was generated.• 57% by non-residential construction (EPA)

HEMPCRETE• Hempcrete is a bio-composite

made of the inner woody core of the hemp plant mixed with a lime-based binder. • The hemp core or “Shiv” has a

high silica content which allows it to bind well with lime.• The result is a lightweight

cementitious insulating material weighing about a seventh or an eighth of the weight of concrete. • The load is taken by internal

frame

Use Paints that do not contain VOC

• Steel and glass are examples of sustainable construction materials

Advantages of using steel as construction material• Steel can be recycled repeatedly without any degradation in terms

of properties or performance in quality.• Steel construction has excellent low waste credentials during all

phases of the building life cycle• Because of its strength, steel can span greater distances offering

larger open spaces and increased design flexibility without requiring intermediate columns or load bearing walls.

• Steel buildings can be erected in much shorter time as compared to concrete buildings. Time saving in the construction period can be up to 40%.

Steel components can be installed precisely at site

CRD Waste• Concrete from construction, renovation and demolition (CRD)

of old buildings can be recycled.• Difficult to separate the stone, known as aggregate, from the

cement for reuse in new structural concrete components .

Incinerator AshSingapore faces an unique challenge due to limited land area and high

rate of waste generation. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)is generated everyday and the waste is

disposed of by incineration. Incinerator ash or the MSW ash is the residual from the combustion of

domestic waste. It is expected to have a variety of chemical species, some of which may pose environmental problems if it is not disposed off properly.

A project is being carried out to recycle the ash into an aggregate product using a patented technology which has been used in various countries including the United States, Taiwan and Bermuda.

The aggregate product has been tested to be non-hazardous and is safe for use. It has been used in diverse applications such as trench and backfill, shore protection, land reclamation, concrete block, base and sub-base for road construction.