Introduction to the Animal Kingdom & Animal Diversity

Are all of these animals?

YES

Characteristics of Animals: Heterotrophic Eukaryotic Multi cellular Lack cell walls.

95% = invertebrates (do not have backbone) 5% = vertebrates (have a backbone)

Biology = study of life

Physiology = Study of the functions of organs

Anatomy = the structure of the organism/organs

Zoology = study of animals

Characteristics if Life

2. Respiration:

Take in O2 and give off CO2 .Lungs, gills, through skin.Simple diffusion.

3. Circulation:Very small animals rely on diffusion.Larger animals have circulatory system. Closed or open circulatory systems.

4. Excretion:Primary waste product is ammonia.

5. Response:Receptor cells = sound, light, smell,taste, touch, external stimuliNerve cells => nervous system

6. Movement:•Most animals move

7.  Reproduction:  Most reproduce sexually = genetic diversity Many invertebrates can also reproduce asexually to increase their numbers rapidly

Classification: showing how all life is connected

AnimaliaBranch = EumetazoaGrade = BilateriaDivision = Protostomia

Deuterostomia

Chordata

Group= CraniataSub Phylum = VertebrataSuper class = Gnathostomata

Mammalia

Primate

Hominidae

Homo

sapiens

Phylogenetic tree: showing evolutionary development & connectedness.

Textbook p158

Ancestral colonial Protist

Textbook p158

Ancestral colonial Protist

Body Symmetry-the body plan of an animal, how its parts are arranged.

Asymmetrical - no pattern (corals, sponges)

Radially Symmetrical – round shape(starfish, hydra, jellyfish)

Bilaterally Symmetrical - 2 mirror images along lateral line

(humans, insects, cats, etc)

Identify the Symmetry

Gut types:

Single opening:

Through gut:

Cephalization -an anterior concentration of sense organs (to have a head)

*The more complex the animals becomes the more pronounced their cephalization

Octopus – member of the class Cephalopoda

Body SidesAnterior - toward the head

Posterior - toward the tail

Dorsal - back side

Ventral - belly side

Segmentation- "advanced" animals have body segments, and specialization of tissue (even humans are segmented, look at the ribs and spine)

Trends in Animal Evolution

Early DevelopmentAnimals begin life as a zygote (fertilized egg)

The cells in the zygote divide to form the BLASTULA - a hollow ball of cells

The blastula pinches inward to form three GERM LAYERS

TRIPLOBLASTIC

BODY CAVITY

Coelom

THUS:

Diploblastic = Never has coelom = diploblastic acoelomate

Triploblastic = Doesn’t have coelom = triploblastic acoelomate

Triploblastic = Does have coelom = triploblastic coelomate

Phylum Porifera – sponges

Phylum Cnidaria – sea anemones, jellyfish, hydra

Phylum Platyhelminthes - flatworms

Free-living Planarian Parasitic Tapeworm

Phylum Annelida – segmented worms

Phylum Arthropoda – crustaceans, insects, spiders

This is the largest phylum in the animal kingdom and contains the most number of species

Phylum Chordata – includes all vertebrates