introduction to the autonomic nervous system steven j. zehren, ph.d
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D.
![Page 2: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
GENERAL REMARKSABOUT THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
![Page 3: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
STRUCTURAL DIVISIONS: CNS AND PNS
![Page 4: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS
![Page 5: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
FUNCTIONAL DIVISIONS:SOMATIC AND VISCERAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS
![Page 6: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
SOMATIC & VISCERAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS
![Page 7: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (= VISCERAL MOTOR SYSTEM)
![Page 8: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
CLASSIFICATION OF FIBER TYPES (FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS) IN CRANIAL* AND SPINAL NERVES
Afferent(sensory)
Somatic(outer)
Visceral(inner)
General(wide distribution)
Special(restricted distribution)
From skin — pain, temp., touchFrom skeletal muscles & tendons,ligs. of joints -- proprioception
From retina – sightFrom inner ear – hearing & equilibrium
General From internal organs – visceral reflexes,fullness of hollow organs, pain
From taste buds – tasteFrom olfactory mucosa -- smell
Special
Efferent(motor)
Somatic
Visceral
General
Special
General
Special
To skeletal muscles not derived from pharyngeal arches
XXX – This category does not exist
To smooth muscle, cardiac muscle & glands
To skeletal muscles derived from pharyngeal arches
*Special components occur only in certain cranial nerves.
![Page 9: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
STRUCTURE OF A TYPICAL SPINAL NERVE (T1 – L2)
![Page 10: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
. TYPICAL SPINAL NERVE ( T1 – L2)
![Page 11: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
TWO TYPES OF GANGLIA:SENSORY & AUTONOMIC
![Page 12: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
COMPARISON OF SYMPATHETIC & PARASYMPATHETIC SYSTEMS
![Page 14: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
SIMILARITIES
![Page 15: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
2 NEURON CHAIN
![Page 16: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
INNERVATION OF THE SUPRARENAL MEDULLA
![Page 17: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
NEURON #1 LIES IN CNS
![Page 18: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
NEURON #2 LIES IN A GANGLION
GANGLION
GANGLION
![Page 19: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASED AT GANGLION IS ACETYLCHOLINE
GANGLION (ACH)
GANGLION (ACH)
![Page 20: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
DIFFERENCES
![Page 21: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
THORACOLUMBAR (SYMPATHETIC) VS. CRANIOSACRAL (PARASYMPATHETIC) OUTFLOW
![Page 22: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Lateral horn of gray matter(intermediolateral nucleus)White matter
Dorsal (posterior) hornof gray matter
Ventral (anterior) hornof gray matter
Ventral median fissure
T2 T8C5
L 1 L2 S2 S3
![Page 23: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
LENGTH OF PRESYNAPTIC& POSTSYNAPTIC FIBERS
![Page 24: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASED AT EFFECTOR ORGAN
USUALLYNOREPINEPHRINE
ACH
![Page 25: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
WHEN AN ORGAN RECEIVES A DUAL INNERVATION, THE SYSTEMS USUALLY HAVE ANTAGONISTIC PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTSAGGRESSIVE
VEGETATIVE
INCREASE HEART RATE
DECREASEHEART RATE
![Page 26: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
AREAS OF DISTRIBUTION OF SYMPATHETIC VS. PARASYMPATHETIC FIBERS
Sympathetic system reaches virtually all parts of the bodyvirtually all parts of the body(with the rare exception of such avascular tissues as cartilage and nails).(with the rare exception of such avascular tissues as cartilage and nails).
Parasympathetic system distributes only to the head and neck, visceral cavities of the trunk,and the erectile tissues of the external genitalia (with the exception of the latter, it does notreach the body wall or limbs).
![Page 27: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
PARASYMPATHETIC SYSTEM
![Page 28: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
CRANIAL OUTFLOW(TO HEAD, NECK, THORAX, & UPPER ABDOMEN)
![Page 29: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
PARASYMPATHETIC SYSTEM
L. colic flexure
![Page 30: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA IN HEADPARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA IN HEAD
III --- III --- CCILIARY GANGLIONILIARY GANGLION
IX --- IX --- OOTIC GANGLIONTIC GANGLION
VII --- VII --- PPTERYGOPALATINE GANGLIONTERYGOPALATINE GANGLION
---- ---- SSUBMANDIBULAR GANGLIONUBMANDIBULAR GANGLION X --- UNAMED GANGLIA IN NECK, THORAX & ABDOMENX --- UNAMED GANGLIA IN NECK, THORAX & ABDOMEN
“ “COPS”COPS”
![Page 31: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
SACRAL OUTFLOW(TO LOWER ABDOMEN & PELVIS)
![Page 32: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
PARASYMPATHETIC SYSTEM
Pelvic splanchnic nn
![Page 33: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM
![Page 34: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
GENERAL SCHEME OFSYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
![Page 35: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Splanchnic n.
Rami communicantes
![Page 36: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
.
GRAY & WHITERAMI COMMUNICANTESCONNECT TO SPINAL NERVEST1 - L2
(T1 – L2)
WHITE RAMI = PRESYNAPTIC FIBERSGRAY RAMI = POSTSYNAPTIC FIBERS
![Page 37: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
.ONLY GRAY RAMI COMMUNICANTESCONNECT TO SPINAL NERVESABOVE T1 AND BELOW L2
(above T1 or below L2)
Gray ramus comunicans
![Page 38: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Courses taken by presynapticsympathetic fibers within thesympathetic trunks:
1. Ascend and then synapse
2. Synapse at level of entry
3. Descend and then synapse
4. Pass through sympthetic trunk without synapsing to enter a splanchnic nerve, and then synapse in a prevertebral ganglion
_ _ _ _ _ _ Presynaptic sympathetic
_________ Postsynaptic sympathetic
Splanchnic n.
Prevertebral ganglion.
Thoracic cardiac n.
![Page 39: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION (TO PERIPHERY)
![Page 40: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION TO PERIPHERY (BODY WALL & EXTREMITIES)
![Page 41: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
PERIPHERAL DISTRIBUTION OF SYMPATHETICS BETWEEN T1 & L2
![Page 42: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION (TO HEAD)
![Page 43: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Internal carotid n.
Superior cervical ganglion
Gray rami communicantes
External carotid a. & plexus
Middle cervical ganglion
Cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglionAnsa subclavia
Vertebral ganglionVertebral a. & plexus
SYMPATHETIC SUPPLY TO HEADSYMPATHETIC SUPPLY TO HEAD
![Page 44: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION (TO THORACIC VISCERA)
![Page 45: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
TO VISCERA(THORACIC)
TO VISCERA (THORACIC)
Paravertebralganglion
![Page 46: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Thoracic cord segments T1-T5
Sympathetic trunk
Pulmonary plexus
Sympathetic fibers
SYMPATHETIC SUPPLY TO LUNGS
RED
![Page 47: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
SYMPATHETIC SUPPLY TO HEART
![Page 48: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION (TO ABDOMINAL & PELVIC VISCERA)
![Page 49: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Prevertebralganglion
TO VISCERA(ABDOMINAL & PELVIC)
TO VISCERA(ABDOMINAL& PELVIC)
SPLANCHNIC N.(THORACIC,LUMBAR, &SACRAL)
![Page 50: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
SYMPATHETIC SUPPLY TO ABDOMINAL & PELVIC VISCERA
Greater and lesserthoracic splanchnic nn.
Aorticorenal ganglion
Least thoracic splanchnic n.
Renal a. and plexus
2nd and 3rd lumbar splanchnic nn.
4th lumbar splancnic n.
Celiac ganglia
Superior mesenteric ganglion
Inferior mesenteric ganglion
Superior hypogastric plexus
Hypogastric nn.(to inferior hypogastric plexus)
1st lumbar splanchnic n.
![Page 51: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STEVEN J. ZEHREN, PH.D](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f305503460f94c4a4ac/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
END OF LECTURE