introduction to the elements of effective safety management systems 2005 osha training network. all...

Introduction to the elements of effective

Safety Management Systems

© 2005 OSHA Training Network. All rights reserved.

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This material for training use only

Goals

1. Understand the basics of a safety management system.

2. Identify the seven core elements of an effective safety and health program.

3. Describe the key processes in each program element.

This material, or any other material used to inform employers of compliance requirements of OSHA standards through simplification of the regulations should not be considered a substitute for any provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 or for any standards issued by OSHA. The information in workbook is intended for training purposes only.

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Form Groups

Introductions

Elect a chairperson

Select a spokesperson Name your corporation

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Seven Critical Components and Characteristics of an Effective Safety Management System

1. Management Commitment2. Accountability3. Employee Involvement4. Hazard Identification & Control5. Incident/Accident Investigation6. Training7. Plan Evaluation

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Components of a Safety Management System

ProcessesStructure

Inputs Outputs

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Inputs = Resources

Processes = Activities

Outputs = Conditions, Behaviors, Results

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Every system is designed perfectly to produce what it produces

What might be the result if a safety plan is poorly written or not effectively implemented?

Where do we look for clues that safety system design and/or implementation are flawed?

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ELEMENT 1 –

TOP MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT

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What motivates management to “do” safety?

Indicate the consequence below that motivates your employer.

My company does safety primarily to…

1. Avoid OSHA penalties. ________2. Reduce costs - increase profits ________3. Keep employees safe ________

Make a bar graph to show how the class ranked each statement.

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Class Ranking

1 2 3

1210

8642

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What is Top Management Commitment?

T________ M _______ C _________ Expression of leadership

What has management done to demonstrate commitment at your workplace? Time, money, communications = TMC

What can we do to get management commitment?

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Direct - Insured Costs

Indirect - Uninsured, hidden Costs - Out of pocket

What do accidents cost your company?

Unknown Costs - 1. Human Tragedy2. Morale3. Reputation

average to close a claim = $14,000

estimated average = $38,000

Unseen costs can sink the ship!

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NSC - Average direct and indirect accident costs

No lost time injury: $7,000Lost time injury: $38,000Fatality: $1,100,000

Direct to Indirect Accident Cost Ratios

Direct cost of claim Ratio of indirect to direct costs

$0-2,999 4.5$3,000 - 4,999 1.6$5,000 - 9,999 1.2$10,000 or more 1.1

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Proactive Programs Reactive Programs

They don’tcare...

They careabout me!

Proactive Vs. Reactive Safety & Health Management

What's proactive? What's reactive?

What programs are emphasized?

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ELEMENT 2 -

ACCOUNTABILITY Six essential elements of an effective accountability system

1. Established formal standards of behavior and performance.

2. Resources provided to meet those standards.

3. An effective system of measurement.

4. Application of effective consequences.

5. Appropriate application of consequences.

6. Evaluation of the accountability system.

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Management/Employee Accountability

Manager Accountabilities

Employee Accountabilities

TrainingResources

EnforcementSupervisionLeadership

Report hazardsReport injuries

Comply with rulesWarn others

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Before pointing the finger of blame, make sure management all obligations to the employee have been fulfilled.

Why does the employer have more accountabilities than the employee? Is that fair?

How are employees held accountable in your workplace?

What’s with that?

When is a supervisor justified in disciplining?

More control... more accountability

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ELEMENT 3 -

EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT

Group exercise: Discuss ways your employer uses (or could use) to increase involvement in the safety committee and other activities.

Choose one of the above ideas and discuss those methods and procedures that help ensure its success.

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What is the purpose of your safety committee?

Our safety committee intends to…

What role does your safety committee play?

My safety committee performs the role of a/an…

What can the safety committee do to increase employee involvement in safety?

What can the safety committee do to help the employer manage safety programs?

Involvement in the Safety Committee

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ELEMENT 4 –

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL

What is a "hazard?"

Hazard analysis is smart business!

What are the advantages of conducting hazard analysis vs. accident investigation?

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M____E_____

E____

E_____

What are the four categories of hazards in the workplace?

Hazardous conditions or unsafe work practices: Which results in more accidents?

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Any hazards or unsafe behaviors here?

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Engineering Controls

Management Controls

Hierarchy of Controls

Interim Measures

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What control measures might work to correct these hazardous conditions and unsafe behaviors.

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ELEMENT 5 -

INCIDENT/ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION

What is an “accident?”

Why do we “investigate” accidents?

How does your perception of a particular hazard change with daily exposure to that hazard?

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Lost Work Day Case

730First Aid Only

1

39OSHA

Recordable

292Workers' Comp

What are the odds that a serious injury will occur?

H.W. Heinrich's Pyramid (1931)

Proctor & Gamble's Port Ivory Study (1984)

How does your perception of a particular hazard change with daily exposure to that hazard?

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Why are some accident reports ineffective?

Why might it be dangerous to assume someone has "common sense"?

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Be ready when accidents happen

1. Write a clear policy statement.

2. Identify those authorized to notify outside agencies (fire, police, etc.)

3. Designate those responsible to investigate accidents.

4. Train all accident investigators.

5. Establish timetables for conducting the investigation and taking corrective action.

6. Identify those who will receive the report and take corrective action.

Why are some accident reports ineffective?

Why might it be dangerous to assume someone has "common sense"?

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Weed out the causes of injuries and illnesses

Fails to inspect

No recognition planInadequate training plan

No accountability policy No inspection policy

No discipline procedures

Outdated ProceduresNo orientation process

Unguarded machineHorseplay

Fails to trainTo much work

Defective PPEFails to report injury

Inadequate training

Create a hazard

Fails to enforce

Untrained worker

Broken tools

Ignore a hazard

Lack of time

Inadequate labeling procedures

No recognition

CutsBurns

Strains

Chemical spill

Conditions Behaviors

Surface Causes of the

Accident

Root Causes of the Accident

Direct Causes of Injury/Illness

- Accident Weed

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The causes of Injury, Illness and Accidents

1. Direct Cause of Injury

2. Surface Causes of the Accident

3. Root Causes of the Accident

Steps in root cause analysis

1. Injury cause analysis

2. Surface Cause analysis

3. Root Causes analysis

- Accident Causes

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The six-step process

Step 1. Secure the accident scene

Step 2. Collect facts about what happened

Step 3. Develop the sequence of events

Step 4. Determine the causes

Step 5. Recommend improvements

Step 6. Write the report

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Three phases of analysis

• Injury analysis

• Event analysis

• Systems analysis

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Education tells Why

Training shows How

Experience improves skills

Accountability sustains behavior

ELEMENT 6: EDUCATION AND TRAINING

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How do you know safety training is effective?

Training is worthless without accountability

Give examples of effective safety training.

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Step 1. Introduction.

Step 2. Trainer show and tell.

Trainer: EXPLAINS and PERFORMS each step.

Learner: OBSERVES each step and QUESTIONS .

Step 3. Trainer ask and show.

Learner: EXPLAINS each step and RESPONDS.

Trainer: PERFORMS each step and QUESTIONS.

The basic steps in OJT

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Step 4. Trainee tell and show.

Learner: EXPLAINS, GETS PERMISSION, and then PERFORMS each step.

Trainer: GIVES PERMISSION, OBSERVES each step and QUESTIONS .

Step 5. Conclusion.

Step 6. Document.

Step 7. Validate.

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DOCUMENT TRAINING!

Sample training certification for specific tasks

Trainee certification

Trainer certification

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• Last and first phase of planning cycle

• Assess, analyze, evaluate, both labor and management

• Use outside experts

• Not a one person job - delegate monitoring responsibilities

• Establish procedures for change - an action plan

• Measure activity and results

• Make effective recommendations

ELEMENT 7. PLAN EVALUATION

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• Last and first phase of planning cycle

• Identify, analyze, evaluate all elements of the program

• Use outside experts

• Primary safety committee responsibility - evaluate the safety and health program

• Establish procedures for change - an action plan

• Measure activity and results

• Make effective recommendations

introduction to the elements of effective safety management systems 2005 osha training network. all...

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