introduction to the spss - university of...

• Faculty of Economics• Gazdaságelméleti és Módszertani Intézet

Petra Petrovics

Introduction to the SPSS

1st seminar


SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences )

• computer program used for statistical analysis

• 2 files: XY.sav - Data View

XY.spo - Output

Just with upper case!!!

It can be a

longer name

Short name; don’t use space!!

Number of the

characters in the

Data View

Width of a column


Scales of measurement

from weakest to strongest

- nominal scale

- ordinal scale

- interval scale

- ratio scale


1. Nominal scale

• Numbers are labels of groups or classes• Simple codes assigned to objects as labels• For qualitative data, e.g. professional

classification, geographic classification• e.g. - blonde: 1, brown: 2, red: 3, black: 4

(a person with red hair does not possess more"hairness" than a person with blonde hair)

- female: 1, male: 2


2. Ordinal scale

• Data elements may be ordered according totheir relative size or quality, the numbersassigned to objects or events represent the rankorder (1st, 2nd, 3rd etc.)

• e.g. top lists of companies


3. Interval scale

• Meaning of distances between any two observations

• The "zero point" is arbitrary

• Negative values can be used

• Ratios between numbers on the scale are not meaningful,so operations such as multiplication and division cannotbe carried out directly

• e.g. temperature with the Celsius scale


4. Ratio scale

• Strongest scale of measurement

• Distances between observations and also theratios of distances have a meaning

• Contains a meaningful zero

• e.g. mass, length, time

a salary of $50,000 is twice as large as asalary of $25,000


Exercise 1

Age Place of residence

School year Grade(Statistics)

T.E. 24 Miskolc 3 3

B.N. 32 Miskolc 2 4

H.L. 22 Felsőzsolca 3 2

K.O. 35 Miskolc 3 4

V.I. 27 Mályi 2 5

Source: XY

Students at the University of Miskolc

Create a data set!


Exercise 2

Source: XY

2000 2004 2005

University student 47498 66309 70153

College student 54889 88384 109412

Number of the teachers 17302 19103 18098

Number of institutions 77 91 90

Number of students in the % of the 18-22-year-old population

10,4 13,9 15

Create a data set!


The 18-22-year-old population = ?

population old-year-22-18

studentspopulation old-year-22-18 theof % in the students ofNumber

18-22-year-old population =(University student + Collegestudent) * (100/Number ofstudents in the % of the 18-22-year-old population)

SPSS:

Transform / Compute


Exercise 3 - Graphs‘Employee data.sav’

1. Define simple boxplot of the current salary categorized bythe employment category clustered by gender! Embellishthe graph!

Create a…

2. column diagram

3. column diagram stacked by gender

4. pie chart

of the employees grouped by the employment category!(in %) Embellish the graph!


1. 2.

3.

4.


5. Create a scatterplot of current salary and beginning salary if you setmarkers by gender!

Graphs / Scatter/Dot… / SimpleData Label Mode


Thanks for your [email protected]

introduction to the spss - university of...

Documents