Introduction to WaterIntroduction to Water

You need to write down the underlined words for vocabulary!

1. What is the hydrologic cycle?

2. What is porosity?

3. What is permeability?

4. What do we call the upper boundary of

earth that is saturated with water?

5. Where does artesian water come from?

6. How are caves formed?

7. How is a sinkhole formed?

8. What do people mean when they say you

have hard water?

9. List as many negative and positive

affects on water quality as you can.

10. How do these affects change our lives?

11. What is a glacier?

12. What causes glaciers to move?

PretestPretest

Water: 4 Primary SectionsWater: 4 Primary Sections

• The Hydrologic Cycle (Water Cycle)The Hydrologic Cycle (Water Cycle)

• Glaciers Glaciers

• GroundwaterGroundwater

• Water QualityWater Quality

The Hydrologic CycleThe Hydrologic Cycle

The Hydrologic CycleThe Hydrologic Cycle

• The natural circulation of water from ocean to The natural circulation of water from ocean to atmosphere to ground, then back to oceanatmosphere to ground, then back to ocean– Water is constantly circulatingWater is constantly circulating

– Can be in any of 3 states of matterCan be in any of 3 states of matter• Solid, Liquid, or GasSolid, Liquid, or Gas

– The cycle is powered by heat from the sun and the The cycle is powered by heat from the sun and the force of gravityforce of gravity

– The total amount of water vapor in the atmosphere The total amount of water vapor in the atmosphere remains constantremains constant

Important VocabularyImportant Vocabulary• EvaporationEvaporation

• EvapotranspirationEvapotranspiration

• SublimationSublimation

• CondensationCondensation

• PrecipitationPrecipitation

• RunoffRunoff

• InfiltrationInfiltration

• DischargeDischarge

A large mass of ice A large mass of ice formed by the formed by the compaction and compaction and recrystallization of recrystallization of snow that moves snow that moves down slope under its down slope under its own power is called own power is called a …a …

GlaciersGlaciers

• Glaciers are powerful Glaciers are powerful agents of erosionagents of erosion

• They can carve out large They can carve out large U-shaped valleys and U-shaped valleys and carry a lot of rock and carry a lot of rock and debris down slopedebris down slope

• They move by gravityThey move by gravity

• Leaves a trail of debris Leaves a trail of debris behindbehind

Sublimation-Sublimation-

• Ice or snow turning directly into Ice or snow turning directly into water vapor (solid water vapor (solid gas) gas)

Groundwater-Groundwater-

• subsurface water in the zone of saturationsubsurface water in the zone of saturation– 98.5% of fresh 98.5% of fresh

water is below water is below

the earth’s the earth’s

surfacesurface

Water Table

How does water get underground?How does water get underground?

• InfiltrationInfiltration- - the seepage the seepage of water into soil or rockof water into soil or rock– Depends upon surface Depends upon surface

and subsurface and subsurface conditionsconditions

PermeabilityPermeability – the ability – the ability of a material to transmit fluidof a material to transmit fluid

• Depends upon soil Depends upon soil compositioncomposition– Sand, Silt, or ClaySand, Silt, or Clay

• Why is sand more Why is sand more permeable than clay?permeable than clay?

PorosityPorosity – the volume of open – the volume of open space (pores) in a soil or rock samplespace (pores) in a soil or rock sample

• The amount of water than can pass through The amount of water than can pass through soil or rock depends upon the amount and size soil or rock depends upon the amount and size of poresof pores

Water TableWater Table

• The The Water TableWater Table is the line below which all is the line below which all pore spaces are filled with water (saturated)pore spaces are filled with water (saturated)

AquiferAquifer• An An aquiferaquifer is an underground is an underground

geological formation able to store geological formation able to store and yield water.and yield water.

Artesian SystemArtesian System

• Where water flows out of the aquifer and Where water flows out of the aquifer and to the surface due to pressure from aboveto the surface due to pressure from above– Spring (natural)Spring (natural)

– Well (drilled)Well (drilled)

What happens when running What happens when running underground water dissolves minerals in underground water dissolves minerals in the bedrock?the bedrock?

CAVES!

Sinkholes -Sinkholes -

• Funnel-shaped holes where Funnel-shaped holes where caves have collapsedcaves have collapsed

Water QualityWater Quality

• A crucial factor in the quality of our livesA crucial factor in the quality of our lives

Hard WaterHard Water

• Water picks up calcium Water picks up calcium and magnesium from the and magnesium from the landscapelandscape– Can clog pipes or shower Can clog pipes or shower

headsheads

– More in some places than More in some places than othersothers

Water PollutionWater Pollution• Contamination can come fromContamination can come from

– Point sourcesPoint sources

– Non-point sourcesNon-point sources

What is the primary source of What is the primary source of contamination?contamination?

• HUMANSHUMANS!!– Point sources-Point sources-

• FactoriesFactories

• Septic tanksSeptic tanks

• Chemical spillsChemical spills

– Non-point sources-Non-point sources-• Soil ErosionSoil Erosion

• Agricultural runoffAgricultural runoff– FertilizersFertilizers

– PesticidesPesticides

– Livestock wastesLivestock wastes

Landfills- (Human)Landfills- (Human)

• New Landfills require a liner to prevent New Landfills require a liner to prevent contaminationcontamination

• LeachateLeachate – – water that has run through water that has run through contaminated areas picking up soluble substancescontaminated areas picking up soluble substances

We live in the arid west…We live in the arid west…

• Water is scarceWater is scarce

• Water is preciousWater is precious

• Water sustains lifeWater sustains life

• Water should be Water should be conserved.conserved.

Household Water ConsumptionHousehold Water Consumption

Where can you conserve water?

So what where the 4 main topics on water?So what where the 4 main topics on water?

• The Hydrologic Cycle (Water Cycle)The Hydrologic Cycle (Water Cycle)

• Glaciers Glaciers

• GroundwaterGroundwater

• Water QualityWater Quality

Now try Now try these these questions questions again!again!

1. What is the hydrologic cycle?

2. What is porosity?

3. What is permeability?

4. What do we call the upper boundary of

earth that is saturated with water?

5. Where does artesian water come from?

6. How are caves formed?

7. How is a sinkhole formed?

8. What do people mean when they say you

have hard water?

9. List as many negative and positive

affects on water quality as you can.

10. How do these affects change our lives?

11. What is a glacier?

12. What causes glaciers to move?

You should have 9 definitions written down!