Introduction to Wind Turbines

P M V SubbaraoProfessor

Mechanical Engineering DepartmentIIT Delhi

The Ancient Cousin to Modern Kaplan TUrbine….

WINDS

WIND ENERGY CLOUDS

HYDRO ENERGY

VEGETATION

CHEMICAL ENERGY

OCEAN THERMALENERGY

SOLARRADIATION

THERMAL WAVE

VE

LOC

ITY

RA

INS

CO2 + H2O PHTOSYNTHESIS

SO

LAR

EN

ER

GY

INCOMINGRESOURCE

FOSSIL FUELCOAL

PETROLEUMNATURAL GAS

FO

SS

ILIZ

AT

ION

Capital Resource

The Wind Turbine Vs The Kaplan Turbine

• Both are high Specific speed machines.

• Pure axial flow machines.

• Blades with Aerofoil cross-section.

• Regulation through blade rotation.

• The Difference:

• No reservoir in wind energy resource.

• No solid casing to the turbine: An imaginary casing is developed by a running wind turbine.

• An incompressible low density fluid, however, the flow is incompressible.

Evolution of Wind Turbines

• Wind is a clean, safe, renewable form of energy.• Although the use of wind power in sailing vessels appeared in

antiquity, the widespread use of wind power for grinding grain and pumping water was delayed until – the 7th century in Persia, – the 12th century in England, and – the 15th century in Holland.

• 17th century, Leibniz proposed using windmills and waterwheels together to pump water from mines in the Harz Mountains.

• Dutch settlers brought Dutch mills to America in the 18th century. • This led to the development of a multiblade wind turbine that was

used to pump water for livestock.• Wind turbines were used in Denmark in 1890 to generate electric

power. • Early in the 20th century American farms began to use wind

turbines to drive electricity generators for charging storage batteries.

Introduction

• A wind turbine is a rotating machine which converts the kinetic energy of wind into mechanical energy.

• If the mechanical energy is used directly by machinery, such as a pump or grinding stones, the machine is usually called a windmill.

• If the mechanical energy is instead converted to electricity, the machine is called a wind generator, wind turbine, wind power unit (WPU), wind energy converter (WEC), or aerogenerator.

• Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT)• Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT)

Scale of Wind Turbines

Global Wind Patterns

Schematic of Wind Turbines

Potential of Wind

Next Feasible Location & Un Available Wind

Layout of A Wind Farm

Aerodynamics for Tower Height

Reality of Capacity Vs Size

Maximum Recoverable Power

The Power Extraction Analysis