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Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAI
Instituto de Investigacion Tecnologica
How can the use of electric vehicles affect thecurtailment of renewable generation?
Kristin Dietrich, Jesus M. Latorre, Luis Olmos, Andres Ramos
ENERDAY 2011
Dresden, 08.04.2011
Introduction
Large-scale integration of wind energy
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 3
Introduction
Large-scale integration of wind energy
• Installed wind capacity on 31.12.2010: 19,813 MW / 20.3%.
• Energy Share in demand coverage 2010: 16% of demand.
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 3
Introduction
Large-scale integration of wind energy
• Installed wind capacity on 31.12.2010: 19,813 MW / 20.3%.
• Energy Share in demand coverage 2010: 16% of demand.
• Max. average hourly power: 11th January 2010 - 44,122 MW.
• Max. daily energy: 12th January 2010 - 895 GWh.
• Period of summer: 19th July 2010 - historic record average hourlypower 40,934 MW.
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 3
Introduction
Large-scale integration of wind energy
• Installed wind capacity on 31.12.2010: 19,813 MW / 20.3%.
• Energy Share in demand coverage 2010: 16% of demand.
• Max. average hourly power: 11th January 2010 - 44,122 MW.
• Max. daily energy: 12th January 2010 - 895 GWh.
• Period of summer: 19th July 2010 - historic record average hourlypower 40,934 MW.
• Records of daily wind energy: 9th November 2010 - 315,258 MWh(43% of daily demand).
• Records of monthly wind energy: February 2010 - 21 %.
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 3
Introduction
Large-scale integration of wind energy II
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 4
Introduction
Large-scale integration of wind energy II• Records of demand coverage by wind 2010:
09.11. 3.35 a.m. 54% versus 26.06. 10.32 a.m.: less than 1%.
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 4
Introduction
Large-scale integration of wind energy II• Records of demand coverage by wind 2010:
09.11. 3.35 a.m. 54% versus 26.06. 10.32 a.m.: less than 1%.
Intermittent EnergiesIntermittent energies are characterised by their variability and uncertainty inprediction.
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 4
Introduction
Electric Vehicle penetrations in Spain
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 5
Introduction
Electric Vehicle penetrations in Spain
• With higher share of Wind energy - problems duringoffpeak hours.
• Other energy technologies need to be prepared to cover demand peaks.
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 5
Introduction
Electric Vehicle penetrations in Spain
• With higher share of Wind energy - problems duringoffpeak hours.
• Other energy technologies need to be prepared to cover demand peaks.
• Electric Vehicles consumption pattern opposite to normal electricitydemand.
• Increase of demand during offpeak hours.
• Possible generation contribution to peak hours.
• Conditioned by application of smart charge technologies.
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 5
Basic Model
Modeling approach for the Unit Commitment
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 7
Basic Model
Modeling approach for the Unit Commitment
Cost Minimization
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 7
Basic Model
Modeling approach for the Unit Commitment
Cost Minimizations.t.Demand balanceReserve up/downGeneration limits min/maxRamping constraints up/downLogic coherence for start-up and shutdown ties
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 7
EV Model
Modeling approach for Electric Vehicles
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 8
EV Model
Modeling approach for Electric Vehicles
Cost Minimizations.t.Demand balanceBattery balanceReserve up/downGeneration limits min/maxBattery limits min/maxRamping constraints up/downRamping constraints for charge and discharge of batteryLogic coherence for start-up and shutdown ties
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 8
Data
Generation and Demand
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 10
Data
Generation and Demand• Installed Capacity of:
– conventional generation: 53 GW– renewable generation: 77 GW
• Energy demand: 373 TWh
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 10
Data
Generation and Demand• Installed Capacity of:
– conventional generation: 53 GW– renewable generation: 77 GW
• Energy demand: 373 TWh• Wind data: Based on historic time series of wind production and error of
wind forecast• Demand data: Historic time series for Spain
5%5%
19%
2%
13%
4%
29%
10%
13%
Share of total installed generation capacity
NuclearCoalCombined CyclesGas TurbinesHydro StoragePumped StorageWindCombined HeatOther RES
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 10
Assumptions EV
Data about driving pattern
• Weekday:– Distance: 35km– EV usage: 7-10 a.m. and 5-8 p.m.– Connection: 8 p.m. - 7 a.m. (no connection during day)
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 11
Assumptions EV
Data about driving pattern
• Weekday:– Distance: 35km– EV usage: 7-10 a.m. and 5-8 p.m.– Connection: 8 p.m. - 7 a.m. (no connection during day)
• Weekend:– Distance: 35km– EV usage: 10 a.m. - 8 p.m.– Connection: 8 p.m. - 10 a.m. (no connection during day)
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 11
Assumptions EV
Data about connection pattern
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 240
20
40
60
80
100
Hours
%
weekdayweekend
Figure: Percent of Plugged-in Electric Vehicles
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 12
Results
Changing the EV penetration
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 13
Results
Changing the EV penetration
Table: Characteristics of different Electric Vehicles penetration scenarios
Scenario name 0kEV 100kEV 250kEV 500kEV 1000kEV
Number of EV 0 100,000 250,000 500,000 1,000,000Charging behaviour Smart Charge in all scenarios
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 13
Results
Changing the EV penetration II
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 14
Results
Changing the EV penetration II
Scenario name 0EV 100kEV 250kEV 500kEV 1000kEVNumber of EV 0 100,000 250,000 500,000 1,000,000Charging behaviour Smart Charge in all scenariosWind curtailment 990 1,040 1,096 780 722[GWh]Annual Cost 13,703 13,747 13,759 13,766 13,835[Mio. Euro]
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 14
Results
Wind curtailment profile under different
penetrations of EV
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 15
Results
Wind curtailment profile under different
penetrations of EV
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 240
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Hours
Win
d cu
rtai
lmen
t [M
W]
0EV100EV250EV500EV1000EV
(a) Weekday
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 240
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Hours
Win
d cu
rtai
lmen
t [M
W]
0EV100EV250EV500EV1000EV
(b) Weekend
Figure: Wind curtailment profile for different EV scenarios (a) and (b)
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 15
Results
Annual productions by technologies
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 16
Results
Annual productions by technologies
100kEV 250kEV 500kEV 1000kEV−400
−200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
GW
h
CoalGas TurbinesCombined CyclesHydroPump HydroUnsched. HydroWind
Figure: Difference to 0EV scenario in annual productions
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 16
Results
Changing the EV penetration
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 17
Results
Changing the EV penetration
Scenario name DumbCharge SmartCharge SmartCharge+Generation
Number of EV 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000Charge of EV predefined result of result of
schedule optimisation optimisationGeneration of EV - - result of
optimisation
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 17
Results
Wind curtailment profile under different
charging behaviour
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 18
Results
Wind curtailment profile under different
charging behaviour
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 240
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Hours
Win
d cu
rtai
lmen
t [M
W]
Dumb ChargeSmart ChargeSmart Charge+Gen.
(a) Weekday
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 240
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Hours
Cha
rge
and
gene
ratio
n pr
ofile
EV
[MW
]
Charge: Dumb ChargeCharge: Smart ChargeCharge: Smart Charge+Gen.
(b) Weekend
Figure: Wind curtailment profile for different charging scenarios for (a) and(b)Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 18
Results
Charge and generation profile under different
charging behaviour
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 19
Results
Charge and generation profile under different
charging behaviour
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 240
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Hours
Cha
rge
and
gene
ratio
n pr
ofile
EV
[MW
]
Charge: Dumb ChargeCharge: Smart ChargeCharge: Smart Charge+Gen.Generation: Smart Charge+Gen.
(a) Weekday
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 240
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Hours
Cha
rge
and
gene
ratio
n pr
ofile
EV
[MW
]
Charge: Dumb ChargeCharge: Smart ChargeCharge: Smart Charge+Gen.Generation: Smart Charge+Gen.
(b) Weekend
Figure: Charge and generation profile EV (a) and (b)
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 19
Conclusions
Conclusions
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 21
Conclusions
Conclusions
• Decreasing of wind curtailment with high numbers of EV inthe electric system.
• Increasing cost of operation due to higher demand.
• Importance of intelligent charge.
Instituto de Investigacion TecnologicaEscuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierıa - ICAIUniversidad Pontificia Comillas
EV and curtailment of RES - K.Dietrich, J.M.Latorre, L.Olmos, A.Ramos08.04.2011 21