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TRANSCRIPT
Introduction
Scots language and culture 1 Scots language and culture - Part 1
Introductionby Sylvia Warnecke
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Contents Why Scots? The course How to study this course Course structure Unit structure Learning the Scots language How to record your learning and monitor your
progress Badge information References Acknowledgements
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Why Scots?Welcome to this course on Scots, one of the three indigenous
languages, native to the British Isles, spoken in Scotland alongside
English and Scottish Gaelic. Scots only received official recognition
as a language in its own right in 2015, when the Scottish
Government published its Scots Language Policy. This also
resulted in recognition by the UK government and the European
Union.
As opposed to English and Gaelic, Scots is a non-standard
language. This means that it does not have a written standard and
has less ‘institutional support or sanction [compared to] a standard
language. Like any dialect/language however, it has its own
vocabulary and an internally consistent grammar and syntax; and it
[is] spoken using […] a variety of accents’. As a non-standard
language, Scots ‘has historically been stigmatised, and a debate
continues about the extent to which non-standard [use of Scots]
should be encouraged, and even simply tolerated, [e.g.] in
education’ (‘What is the difference between standard and non-standard languages? Pal, 2018).
When exploring this debate in depth throughout this course, you
will become aware that the story of Scots can be told in two
versions: the official history of Scots as told through policy
changes, and the ‘lived experiences’ of Scots-speaking people. Page 7 of 31 10th January 2020
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Despite differing points of view, Scots remains an essential part of
Scotland, its history, culture and identity. In accordance with this,
the Scots Language Policy published by the Scottish Government
in 2015 outlines the reasons why it is important to engage with and
promote the Scots language:
Scots is an essential element of the culture and heritage of Scotland. For many of us, it is a familiar aspect of our song, poetry and literature and a recognised feature of how we express ourselves in our community life. The Scots language is only spoken within Scotland and it is not used anywhere else in the world by a community of significant number or extent. Therefore steps need to be taken within Scotland to ensure its preservation.
The Scottish Government will promote and support Scots, and encourage its respect and recognition in order that, what for many is the language of the home, can be used in other areas of Scottish life.
This course aims to contribute to realising the vision outlined in the
Scots Language Policy.
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The courseThis course is not a conventional language course – it teaches the
Scots language through the culture where it is spoken, underlining
the role of Scots in Scottish society past and present. The course
has been written by 16 different authors who are prominent
individuals and experts in the field of Scots language and culture.
These authors bring their expertise and individual viewpoints to
this course and your learning, yet their units also connect with
current debates, publications and the observations of others.
Aims and objectivesThe course is written for a wide-ranging audience.
If you already speak Scots, you will be able to learn more about
the role of the language in Scottish history and life in today’s
Scotland, its importance for many Scottish people’s sense of
identity, its prestige in some parts of society, and reasons for the
lack of it in others. You will establish that Scots is a language in its
own right with a wide range of dialects spoken in most parts of
Scotland. You will discover where many Scots words come from
and how their use has changed over time and, last but not least,
that speakers of Scots as well as English, or more languages,
should be considered bi- or multilingual.
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If you speak little or no Scots, you will, in addition to the above, be
able to develop your understanding of written and spoken Scots in
different dialects, as well as the structure of the language. You will
also be able to practise writing and speaking Scots and build your
Scots vocabulary.
Alongside lots of Scots words and phrases, this course teaches the
following key aspects of Scots as a living language:
its use and recognition in Scotland today
its history,
its links with other European languages
its vocabulary
its grammar
its use in different literary genres and other art forms.
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How to study this courseThe course is designed to cater for different study approaches and
intentions. You can study this course by, for example:
following the chronological order of the units and going
through all parts of the units step-by-step
‘dipping’ in and out of the course according to your
specific interests
focusing on the culture element, i.e. if you are a
confident speaker of Scots
studying the core unit materials first of all and then
returning to the Further Reading sections at a later
stage.
We estimate that you will spend 2 to 3 hours studying each unit,
depending on your previous knowledge of Scots language, your
level of academic skills, and the intensity of your engagement.
Please note that the study time estimate only takes into account
the engagement with the core study materials.
Benefits of enrolmentYou will be able to make the most of your study when being
enrolled as a learner on this course, as being an enrolled learner
allows you to use all the features the course has to offer.
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Please note that you also need to be enrolled on the course and
complete parts 1 and 2 in order to gain the course badge and
statement of participation.
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Course structureThe course consists of two parts, which each contain 10 units.
Part 1This part requires academic skills at Higher Education introductory
level.
Study level language
OU SCQF FHEQ1 7 4
Part 1 contains the following units:
1. Scots today by Matthew Fitt
2. Vocabulary (old and new) by Diane Anderson
3. Education by Simon Hall
4. Dialect diversity by Bruce Eunson
5. Politics by Ashley Douglas
6. Food and drink by Annie Mattheson
7. Arts and crafts by Liz Niven
8. Scots and pport by Ged O’Brien
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9. Drama, television and film by Ian Brown
10. Scots and work by Bruce Eunson.
Part 2This part requires academic skills at Higher Education intermediate
level.
Study level language
OU SCQF FHEQ2 8 5
Part 2 contains the following units:
1. History and linguistic development of Scots by
Simon Hall
2. Scots song by Steve Byrne
3. Storytelling, comedy and popular culture by
Donald Smith
4. Scots and the history of Scotland by James
Robertson
5. Scots and religion by Donald Smith
6. Scots abroad by Billy Kay
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7. Grammar by Christine Robinson
8. Literature – poetry by Alan Riach
9. Literature – prose by Alan Riach
10. Standardisation of Scots by Michael
Dempster.
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Unit structureAll units in parts 1 and 2 adopt the same template and consist of
the following core elements:
1. Introduction
2. Handsel
3. Content sub-sections
4. What I have learned
5. Further research
6. References
7. Acknowledgements.
This course teaches you through four main aspects:
1. Content input – which provides you with subject matter
related to the topic of the unit
2. Activities – which guide you through the learning by
explaining how to work with the content
3. Answers – which give you an indication of the kind of
things you should be taking away from this course,
whether your answers to the questions in the activities
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were correct, and we provide model answers to show
how you could have answered questions
4. Resources – which you can use to undertake your own
further research into aspects taught in the units.
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Learning the Scots languageEach unit comprises specific features to help you:
familiarise yourself with the Scots language
learn through acquiring new vocabulary and
developing your receptive skills
develop your productive skills by writing and speaking.
1 HandselThis feature introduces you to two Scots words related to the
content of the unit. The Handsel also shows examples of how
these words are used in context, and you will see an image
reflecting the meaning of the words. You will be able to listen to
spoken example sentences, record yourself speaking them, and
then compare your pronunciation with the model.
Each Handsel links to the entry for the word in the Dictionary of the Scots Language to encourage you to explore the meaning
and history of the words further.
Here an example of this for the word Handsel.
Handsel Definition: a gift, bestowed to commemorate an
inaugural occasion, event or season; a first payment Page 18 of 31 10th January 2020
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received by a trader bringing good luck; a first taste or
experience; a present of food.
Example sentence: “Come awa', Mrs Timmerman, an gie's hansel, an' I'll gie ye th' pick o' ma pack” (Helen
Beaton, At the Back o' Benachie,
1915).
English translation: “Come on, Mrs
Timmerman, be my first customer and I’ll
give you the best of my lot.”
Giving flowers
View description - Giving flowersPage 19 of 31 10th January 2020
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Further readingFind out some more about the tradition of a Handsel when
reading about the “Mareel” project, a music, cinema and creative
industries centre on Lerwick’s quayside. As the Mareel was being
built, during the construction phase, people were invited to record
their feelings for the building in the form of a hansel, which were
then collected in the form of glass jars. The jars were then buried
within the walls of the building. There is a link here with more
information https://www.mareel.org/blog/hansel-for-mareel-project-to-launch-on-23-december
2 ReadingYou will come across many different extracts for reading in Scots.
These will not only help you learn to read the language, they will
also exemplify the differences in spelling Scots words that occur
due to the fact that Scots is a non-standard language. The course
uses a wide range of types of written texts in Scots from personal
letters to policy documents.
You will work on translating parts of reading texts from Scots into
English to find out more about the differences between and
similarities of both languages.
Please note that all Scots words in the course are written in italics,
or in standard font should the surrounding text be in italics.
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3 ListeningTo support you in learning to understand spoken Scots, the course
will provide you with a wide range of audio resources alongside
transcripts of recordings and study tips on how you can work on
developing your listening skills.
In addition, you will find many links to audio-visual resources in
which people speak different Scots dialects.
4 WritingAlthough there is no commonly agreed standard for written Scots,
you will gradually develop your writing skills in Scots using words
from different Scots dialects. In connection with being exposed to a
variety of Scots examples in different text types and using the
knowledge of Scots grammar you will acquire, you will be guided in
starting to write in Scots.
5 SpeakingTo help you learn to speak some Scots and develop a good
awareness of Scots pronunciation in different dialects, you will be
introduced to different speakers and use the recording and
playback tool, you will be able to practise imitating the
pronunciation of words, phrases, sentences and longer speech of
these speakers.
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6 Language linksThrough the feature of the ‘Language links’ you will be taught how
Scots has close links with many other European languages. You
will learn to identify similarities in words from other languages with
Scots words and expressions, and you will explore the origins of
foreign words used in Scots and how these came to be included in
Scots vocabulary.
7 Dictionary skillsThis course teaches you how to work effectively with the Dictionary
of the Scots Language to help you explore nuances of meaning in
Scots words and expressions, translate from and, partly, into
Scots, and to take your study of the Scots language further on your
own.
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How to record your learning and monitor your progress
1 ActivitiesEach unit starts with an introduction and a list of its key learning
objectives. This is followed by Activity 1, which has a similar format
in each unit. This activity is designed for you to make a note of:
what you might already know about the topic of the
unit
what you might expect to find out in the unit.
At the end of each unit, you will revisit what you have written in
Activity 1. This happens in the last activity of the section, labelled
'What I have learned', which is part of every unit. There, you will be
able to see what you noted in Activity 1 and compare the notes you
made at the start with the things you have actually learned
throughout the unit, ranging from new Scots words and sentences,
useful sources and links to external websites, to specific aspects of
the unit topic.
This last activity is designed to help you consolidate what you have
studied and decide what you want to take away from each unit,
depending on your previous knowledge and individual interests.
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Please note: Throughout the course you will be making notes in
free text boxes, which are only visible to you. These will be there
for you to look back at as you progress through the course. In
addition, in some text boxes the information is stored and what you
wrote is shown to you again later in the section.
There are also activities which allow you to record your spoken
Scots. These recordings are saved on the course so that you can
revisit them and your recordings can only be accessed by you.
However, in order to be able to see all your notes and replay your
voice recordings, it is important that you do not clear your browser history for this course site, otherwise they will
be lost.
Also note: If you are an Apple Mac user, it is important to know
that the Safari browser versions 12 onwards do not support the
Java software needed to use the tool for listening and making
audio recordings. Using an alternative, such as the free Firefox
browser, you can enable and use this tool.
Finally: You might find that some of the drag-and-drop activities
are difficult to do on your screen. In these cases please use your
browser’s zoom function to be able to see all items of these
activities.
2 Your own learning logPage 24 of 31 10th January 2020
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As you go through each unit, we suggest you keep a learning log
by taking notes on paper, in a Word document or any other format
of your choice on aspects that are of particular interest to you. This
will then constitute your summary of key things to take away from
each unit.
To help you identify the parts of the course where it is useful to
reflect and take notes you will see this icon.
In addition, you might want to take a note of some of the weblinks
and other resources introduced in each unit for future reference.
3 End-of-course quiz and digital badgeBy studying this course, you will have the opportunity to gain an
Open University digital badge and statement of participation for
your achievement. More information on badges is given in the next
section Badge information.
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Badge information
What is a badged course?
Badges are a means of digitally recognising certain skills and
achievements acquired through informal study, and are entirely
optional. They do not carry any formal credit as they are not
subject to the same rigour as formal assessment; nor are they
proof that you have studied the full unit or course. They are a
useful means of demonstrating participation and recognising
informal learning.
If you'd like to learn more about badges, you will find more
information on the following websites:
Open Badges – this information is provided by
Mozilla, a leading provider of the open badges system
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Digital Badges – this information is provided by
HASTAC (Humanities, Arts, Science and Technology
Alliance and Collaboratory), a global community
working to transform how we learn, and particularly
making use of technology.
Gaining your badgeTo gain the Scots language and culture badge, you will need to:
1. Read all of Parts 1 and 2 online.
2. Complete the quiz that you’ll find at the end of Part 2,
and achieve at least 60%.
When you have successfully achieved the completion criteria you
will receive your badge for Scots language and culture. You will
receive an email notification that your badge has been awarded
and it will appear in the My Badges area in your profile. Please
note it can take up to 24 hours for a badge to be issued.
Your badge demonstrates that you have achieved the learning
outcomes for the course. These outcomes are listed at the start of
each unit.
The digital badge does not represent formal credit or award, but
rather it demonstrates successful participation in informal learning
activity.
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Accessing your badgeFrom within the Scots language and culture course:
Go to the navigation block and under My Profile you
can access My Badges. When you click on My
Badges you will be taken to your My Badges page on
OpenLearn Works.
To view the details of the badge or to download it, click
on the badge and you will be taken to the Badge
Information page.
Now go on to Unit 1: Scots today.
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ReferencesBeaton, H. (1915) At the Back o' Benachie, Aberdeen, Central
Press (John Milne).
Dictionary of the Scots Language (n.d.) [Online]. Available at
https://www.dsl.ac.uk/ (Accessed 3 January 2019).
Pal, A. (2015) What is the difference between standard and non-standard languages? Quora [Online]. Available at
https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-standard-and-non-standard-languages (Accessed 3 May
2019).
Scottish Government. (2015) Scots Language Policy English
version, 3 Septemeber [Online]. Available at
https://www.gov.scot/publications/scots-language-policy-english/ (Accessed 10 January 2019).
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AcknowledgementsGrateful acknowledgement is made to the following sources:
Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders. If any
have been inadvertently overlooked the publishers will be pleased
to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.
Course Image: Supplied by Bruce Eunson / Education Scotland
Giving flowers: Image by GLady from Pixabay
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Giving flowersDescriptionAn open pair of hands holding a few small cut flowers
Back to - Giving flowers
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