introdugdo - celso foelkel · 2013-10-22 · controle de stickies com enzima papel tissue 40000...
TRANSCRIPT
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Introdugdo
Passado
O use de enzimas na
produgao de celulose epapel n5 era
considerado tecnica e
economicamente
viavel
Presente
Institutos de pesquisa eprodutoresdesenvolveram enzimas
que oferecem beneficiossignificativos para as
industrias
Exceto Modificagao deamido
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Definigao
Enzimas sao catalisadores biolgicos
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Definigao
Um catalisador a um material queacelera a reagao interagindo muitasvezes com o reagente
Enzimas podem ter sua estrutura
degradada mas catalisarao milhoes dereagoes antes de serem destruidas
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Definigao
As proteinas sao formadas por cadeiasde aminoacidos que formam uma
estrutura terciaria sendo de naturezaglobular
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Definigao
As enzimas somente aceleram as
reagoes que podem ocorrer
Possuem especificidade
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Atividade Enzimatica
Expressa em unidades que sao
usualmente baseadas em uma
quantidade arbitraria de substrato
transformado em um intervalo de tempoassociado a uma massa determinada
de enzima em gramas ou teor denitrogenio da enzima em miligramas
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Especificidade
Enzimas que degradam a celulose naoatuam sobre proteinas
Preparagoes enzimaticas podem contermais que um tipo de enzima
As preparagoes enzimaticas contendosomente uma enzima sao chamadas de
puras
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Especificidadeamido
r P5
sem enzima protease
1
amilase
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Amilases
Agao de a e R amilases em moleculas de amilose eamilopectina
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ReaCao EnzimaticaA velocidade da reapao enzimatica e
influenciada principalmente por
pH
temperatura
concentrapao de enzima
concentrapao de substrata
atividade de agua
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Efeito do pH
pH otimo para a maioria das enzimas4
Caso a enzima atue em mais de um substratoos valores de pH otimo variam
Valores extremos de pH em geraldesnaturam as proteinas inativandoas
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Efeito da temperatura
A velocidade das reagoes aumenta coma temperatura ate atingir uma
velocidade maxima a partir da qualcomega a decrescer
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Efeito da pressao
Pouco significativo para a velocidadedas reagoes enzimaticas
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Inativagao ou inibiCao enzimatica
As enzimas podem ser desnaturadas pordiferentes metodos incluindo
mudanga do pH valores extremos
aumento da temperatura
aquecimento entre 70 e 800C
As enzimas tambem podem ser inibidas poradigao de sulfito ou dioxido de enxofre
congelamento
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InibiCao enzimatica
Inibidores sao compostos que reduzem ouinibem a velocidade das reagoes
enzimaticas
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Inibidor
Enzima enzimatico
Centro
ativo
Enzima
v IInibidor
enzimatico Substrato
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ProduCao de enzimas
A obtengao de enzimas pode ser feita apartir de
microrganismos
vegetais superioresanimais
As enzimas sao produzidas atraves deprocesso fermentativo em grandervasos
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Estabilizagao
Enzimas precisam ser estabilizadas pois saoproteinas
Existem patentes sobre a tecnologia deestabilizapao de enzimas
O processo de estabilizapao permite queenzimas frageis sejam transformadas emprodutos industriais robustos os quais saotratados como os outros produtos quimicos
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EstabilizaCao
A tecnologia de estabilizagao tambemconfere maior atividade ao produtonas condigoes sob as quais sera
aplicado
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As enzimas e a seguranga
Enzimas sao utilizadas
nas industrias de alimentos
em detergentes a preparagoes para limpeza
Reduzem os problemas ambientais
efluentes
As preparapoes concentradas de
enzimas devem ser manuseadas
seguindo as recomendapoes constantesna FISPQ
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Enzimas a refino
Principais enzimas
celulases
hemicelulases
xilanases
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aPre o soar Biaww CelUw
Crystalline array Celluloseof molecules in microiiihril
a micelle Individual cellulosemolecules
Cellulosemolecules
FM BEE M J 201 Pfina WIr y BUAY
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Caracteristicas
Aumenta as propriedades das fibras
Aumenta a resistencia
Melhora o refinamento
Melhora retenrao a drenagem
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Depende da aplicagao
Faixa 005 1OOKgton
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pH a temperature
A efetividade do produto reduz
em pH4 e pH9
em temperatura 71 C
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AvaliaCOes em laboratorio
Condigoes do teste
Concentrapao 400gton
pH 50
Tempo de contato 4h
Temperatura 4550C
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Em AE
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Pores ldade
m
va
E00mv
Branco EmimA EnzimB
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Indice de x istencia a tragw
Branco EnzimA EnzimB
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Celulases Hemicelulases
Aplicagao industrial reciclagem
Objetivo
Melhorar a eficiencia do processo de refinapao
eliminar o use de soda
estabilizar o pH do sistemareduzir o acumulo de stickies na secaria
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Celulases Hemicelulases
Aplicagao industrial reciclagem
Proposta
Facilitar o processo de refinapao eliminando aadipao de soda
Reduzir a concentrapao de sulfato de aluminio
Reduzir o consumo de energia eletrica
Reduzir o consumo de vapor
Aumentar a resistencia do papel
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Celulases Hemicelulases
Aplicagao industrial reciclagem OCC
Condigoes da avaliagao
Ponto de aplicapao TanqueDose
Avaliagao 1 50 400gton
Avaliagao 2 100g ton
Temperatura 45 55C
Tempo de contato 45 60 minutos
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Celulases Hemicelulases
Aplicagao industrial reciclagem
Resultados
Produgao Kg 25201 25187 0
Gas mton 15371 14459 9EE Kwhton 34937 34269 6
Al2SO43 Kgton 3151 2583 5
NaOH Kgton 6 0 6Enzima A Kgton 0 0 0110
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Celulases Hemicelulases
Aplicagao industrial reciclagem
Conclusoes
Estabilizapao do processor
Redupao de stickies e quebras na secaria
Manutenpao das caracteristicas fisicas dopapel
Aplicagao economicamente viavel
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Ontr@ @
m
o
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Controle de resinas
Composigao principal do pitch
acidos graxos
esteres de acidos graxos
esterois
ceras
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Controle de resinas
Enzimas
lipases resinases
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Decompoe triglicerideos complexosem compostos mais simples quesao mais facilmente fixaveis aou
eliminados das fibras
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Mecanismo de acao
Hidrolise
Reapao de um ester com agua produzindoacido e alcool
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ACao da lipase sobre pitch
LIPASE
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ACao da lipase sobre pitch
LIPASE
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ACao da lipase sobre pitch
LIPASE
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Beneficios
Atividade seletiva para os componentes dopitch
Efetivo em baixas concentrapoes
Efetivo em altas temperatures
Elimina problemas ambientais relacionadosao use de determinados solventes acidos ealcalis
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Beneficios
Efetivo em diferentes tipos de polpafibra longa TMP etc
Redugao na frequencia de limpeza damaquina
Redugao no consumo de quimicos nobranqueamento
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Faixa 005 050Kgton
Temperatura 50 70C
40 80C 75 de atividade
pH 4 8
3 8 75 de atividade
Tempo de contato 1 hora
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Tempo de reagao de 1 hora eadequado para o controle de pitch01 de Produto aplicado a 600C
temperatura otima
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Compatibilidade
Compativel com
aditivos para resistencia a seco eumido
corantes
coatings
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Stickies
Constituidos de material organico
ToV
hidrofobico
ampla faixa de ponto de fusao
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Tipos de stickies
Adesivos
Hot melts
CoatingInk binders
Cola
Resinas de resistencia a umido
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Stickies
Depositamna superficie das maquinastelas
feltros
rolos
Depositos causamquebrasdefeitos nas folhas
fu ros
sujeiras elevadas
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Controle de stickies
Mecanico
Termico
Quimico
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Controle quimico
DispersantesSolventes
Polimeros
Boilouts
Combinagao
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Controle enzimatico
Enzima Esterase
Ligapao ester presente em varios stickiesPVAc
Vinilacrilatos
Ink binders
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Controle enzimatico
pH 6 10
Temperatura 25 60C
Tempo de contato otimo minutos
Faixa de dosagem 011OOKgton
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Controle enzimatico
Quebra de PVAc por enzima
Enzima Sem tratamento Enzima Sem tratamento
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Esterase Papel imprimir
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Controle de Stickies com Enzima
Papel Tissue
40000
35000
30000
25000
a 20000a 15000
10000
5000
000
Control
Enzima
Stickies size
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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Controle de Stickies com Enzima
OCC
8000 00
5000 00
aY 4000 00V
N3000 00
L 200000IL 100000
000
Control
MEnzima
Sitckies Size
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 P
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Controle de Stickies com Enzima
OCC
p Controlentrma
Sticlues Size
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Esterases Resultados
Redugao dos stickies mensuraveis
Aumento na produgao
Redugao no use de solventes
Aumento de alvura
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Enzimas para tratamento continuoe boilout
Principais enzimas
proteases
amilases
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Controle de depositos
Deposito microbiologico
material proteico
polissacarideos
Tratamento continuo protease
Boilout
circuito de amido amilase
circuito de baixa consistencia protease
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Tratamento continuo
Forma de atuapao
nao atua diretamente sobre os
microrganismos
atua impedindo a formapao do biofilme
podem ter aplicapao conjugada com
biodispersante
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Boilout alcalino
Boilout alcalino geralmente a realizadoem pH 12 12
Pode alterar a qualidade do papel
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Boilout enzimatico
Produto seguro
Permite a realizagao de manutengao nasI
reas proximas a maquina
Nao utiliza alcalis ou acidos
Nao necessita de corregao de pH paralangar na ETE
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PrincipaisReferencias bibliograficas
BAJPAI P Application of enzymes in the pulp and paper industryBiotechnolProg 15 14757 1999
BOCCHINI DA TAVARES VB GOMESE Da SILVA R Application ofthermostable xylanase from Bacillus sp1 to the bleaching of EucaliptusKraft pulp IBILCEUNESP 2003
JEFFRIES T W Enzymatic treatments of pulps opportunities for theenzyme industry in pulp and paper manufacture USDAFS Forestproducts laboratory 2001
JONES D R FITZHENRY J W Esterasetype enzymes offer recycledmills an alternative approach to stickies control PulpPaper Magazine2003
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Seminario
Papeis reciclaveis da apara a desagregagao
RealizagaoABTCP
Local Auditorio do SENAI Belo HorizonteMG
Data 20 e 21 de Margo de 2003
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r