invasion ecology seminar
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TRANSCRIPT
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*Survive*Increase in numbers*Expand its range
What should a successful invader do?
*Introduced
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Why can exotic species, whose initial populations
are small, succeed to establish themselves in environments to which
they have no opportunity to adapt
and even become more abundant?
“Invasion paradox”
Sax & Brown 2000
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Where?
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Understanding the Na.ve-‐Exo.c Plant Richness rela.onships
Elton 1958
niche
Exotic plant
sp1sp4
sp2sp3
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Understanding the Na.ve-‐Exo.c Plant Richness rela.onships
Elton 1958
niche
sp1 sp2
niche
Exotic plant
sp2sp1sp4 sp3
Exotic plant
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Native richness
Exo
tic
rich
nes
s
Biotic resistance hypothesis
Stachowitz et al 1999, 2002, Naeem et al. 2000, Fargione & Tilman 2005, Case 1990, Knops et al. 1999, Levine 2000, Kennedy et al. 2002
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Stohlgren et al. 2003, 2006
U.S. counties
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Shea & Chesson 2002
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Shea & Chesson 2002
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Shea & Chesson 2002
Environmental factors that increase diversity of native species might also
increase diversity of exotics
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UTM de 10 km * 10 Km
Data:
ExoticNative
BDBC, h2p://biodiver.bio.ub.es/biocat
Bartomeus et al. (GEB, 2011)
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200 400 600 800 1000 1200
020
4060
80100
120
140
Native richness
Exo
tic ri
chne
ss
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200 400 600 800 1000 1200
020
4060
80100
120
140
Native richness
Exo
tic ri
chne
ss
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Land use Shannon diversity indexGeologic Shannon diversity index% Forest% Scrub% Agriculture% Urban land use% Bare soilNo. habitatsAltitudinal rangeDistance to main roadsDistance to main citiesDistance to main riversPopulation densityFire frequencyDistance to the seaSolar RadiationMean January temperatureMean July temperatureMean annual temperatureJanuary precipitationJuly precipitationAnnual precipitationMean altitude
Heterogeneity
Anthropogenic
Climatic
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!
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Naeem et al. 2000
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0.46
-0.68
0.28 -0.09 -0.04-0.22
-0.09
0.18
0.22
-0.080.130.14
0.38
0.13
0.11
NativesAliens
PC1:Climate-Elevation
0.22 0.74
PC2: Human pressure
PC5:Climate-Landscape
PC7:Geo diversity
PC8:Roads PC9:Rivers PC10: Habitat Heterogeneity
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Heterogeneity
Climate
Anthropic
Native
Exotic
++
+
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Heterogeneity
Climate
Anthropic
Native
Exotic
++
-+
+
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Heterogeneity
Climate
Anthropic
Native
Exotic
++
-
++
+
+
+
17 %
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ok, some common factors, but the relation stills being positive!
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Heterogeneity
Climate
Anthropic
Native
Exotic
++
-
++
+
+
+
17 %
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200 400 600 800 1000
020
4060
80100
120
140
NativesNR
EXOTIQUES
r2= 0.1
Exo
tic
Native Non Ruderal0 50 100 150 200
020
4060
80100
120
140
RUDERALS
EXOTIQUES
r2= 0.56
Exo
tic
Native Ruderal
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Heterogeneity
Climate
Anthropic
Ruderals
Exotic
++
-
++
-
++
+
58%
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+exotic plants +ruderal native plants
+propagule pressure+disturbance
Heterogeneity
Anthropogenic activities
Mechanisms
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Only in plants?
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Urban
Natural
Nat
ive
Exo
tic
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
humanfood Natural
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
p < 0.001
Habitatp < 0.001
p < 0.001
Habitatp < 0.001
p < 0.001
Foodp < 0.001
p < 0.001
Foodp < 0.001
Deliverate, Accidental
Deliverate, Accidental
Suburbs, Wildland
Suburbs Suburbs
Evidence from birds:
Urban
Natural
Nat
ive
Exo
tic
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
humanfood Natural
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
p < 0.001
Habitatp < 0.001
p < 0.001
Habitatp < 0.001
p < 0.001
Foodp < 0.001
p < 0.001
Foodp < 0.001
Deliverate, Accidental
Deliverate, Accidental
Suburbs, Wildland
Suburbs Suburbs
Sol, Bartomeus & Griffin (Submitted)
Based in 24 Transects from Wildland to Urban areas in Australia.
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Urban
Natural
Nat
ive
Exo
tic
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
humanfood Natural
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
p < 0.001
Habitatp < 0.001
p < 0.001
Habitatp < 0.001
p < 0.001
Foodp < 0.001
p < 0.001
Foodp < 0.001
Deliverate, Accidental
Deliverate, Accidental
Suburbs, Wildland
Suburbs Suburbs
Evidence from birds:
Urban
Natural
Nat
ive
Exo
tic
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
humanfood Natural
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
p < 0.001
Habitatp < 0.001
p < 0.001
Habitatp < 0.001
p < 0.001
Foodp < 0.001
p < 0.001
Foodp < 0.001
Deliverate, Accidental
Deliverate, Accidental
Suburbs, Wildland
Suburbs Suburbs
Sol, Bartomeus & Griffin (Submitted)
Based in 24 Transects from Wildland to Urban areas in Australia.
Urban
Natural
Nat
ive
Exo
tic
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
humanfood Natural
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
p < 0.001
Habitatp < 0.001
p < 0.001
Habitatp < 0.001
p < 0.001
Foodp < 0.001
p < 0.001
Foodp < 0.001
Deliverate, Accidental
Deliverate, Accidental
Suburbs, Wildland
Suburbs Suburbs
Urban
Natural
Nat
ive
Exo
tic
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
humanfood Natural
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
p < 0.001
Habitatp < 0.001
p < 0.001
Habitatp < 0.001
p < 0.001
Foodp < 0.001
p < 0.001
Foodp < 0.001
Deliverate, Accidental
Deliverate, Accidental
Suburbs, Wildland
Suburbs Suburbs
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Urban
Natural
Nat
ive
Exo
tic
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
humanfood Natural
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
p < 0.001
Habitatp < 0.001
p < 0.001
Habitatp < 0.001
p < 0.001
Foodp < 0.001
p < 0.001
Foodp < 0.001
Deliverate, Accidental
Deliverate, Accidental
Suburbs, Wildland
Suburbs Suburbs
Evidence from birds:
Urban
Natural
Nat
ive
Exo
tic
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
humanfood Natural
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
p < 0.001
Habitatp < 0.001
p < 0.001
Habitatp < 0.001
p < 0.001
Foodp < 0.001
p < 0.001
Foodp < 0.001
Deliverate, Accidental
Deliverate, Accidental
Suburbs, Wildland
Suburbs Suburbs
Sol, Bartomeus & Griffin (Submitted)
Based in 24 Transects from Wildland to Urban areas in Australia.Urban
Natural
Nat
ive
Exo
tic
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
humanfood Natural
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
p < 0.001
Habitatp < 0.001
p < 0.001
Habitatp < 0.001
p < 0.001
Foodp < 0.001
p < 0.001
Foodp < 0.001
Deliverate, Accidental
Deliverate, Accidental
Suburbs, Wildland
Suburbs Suburbs
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Urban
Natural
Nat
ive
Exo
tic
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
humanfood Natural
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
p < 0.001
Habitatp < 0.001
p < 0.001
Habitatp < 0.001
p < 0.001
Foodp < 0.001
p < 0.001
Foodp < 0.001
Deliverate, Accidental
Deliverate, Accidental
Suburbs, Wildland
Suburbs Suburbs
Evidence from birds:
Urban
Natural
Nat
ive
Exo
tic
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
humanfood Natural
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
p < 0.001
Habitatp < 0.001
p < 0.001
Habitatp < 0.001
p < 0.001
Foodp < 0.001
p < 0.001
Foodp < 0.001
Deliverate, Accidental
Deliverate, Accidental
Suburbs, Wildland
Suburbs Suburbs
Sol, Bartomeus & Griffin (Oecologia)
Based in 24 Transects from Wildland to Urban areas in Australia.
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Who?
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Sol et al PNAS 2005
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Sol et al PNAS 2005
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Life History Traits
Time
Popu
latio
n si
ze
demographic or environmental stochasticity
Fast population growth
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Life History Traits
Time
Popu
latio
n si
ze Fast population growth
Propagule pressure
demographic or environmental stochasticity
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Life History Traits
Time
Popu
latio
n si
ze Fast population growth
Propagule pressure
demographic or environmental stochasticity
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2,760 introduction, comprising 428 species from 49 families, 1,292 of which were successful
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Rmax: Fecundity, Age at first breeding & lifespan
Cole 1954
Which Life history traits confers a fast population growth?
Clutch*broods
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Rmax: Fecundity, Age at first breeding & lifespan
Cole 1954
5 10 15
12
34
56
d$Clutch
d$Rmax
Rm
ax
Clutch
Which Life history traits confers a fast population growth?
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Inva
sion
pot
entia
lIn
vasi
onpo
tent
ialo
f spe
cies
Fig. 1
a b c
d e f
5 10 15
-3-2
-10
12
3
Clutch size
-2 -1 0 1
-3-2
-10
12
3
Fast-Slow2 4 6 8 10
-3-2
-10
12
3
Body mass
-2.2 -1.8 -1.4 -1.0
-3-2
-10
12
3
Brood value-2 -1 0 1 2 3
-3-2
-10
12
3
Residual brain size1 2 3 4 5
-3-2
-10
12
3
Habitat generalism
Even, when including Propagule pressure in the models
Clutch size
Sol et al. (Science)
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However, Rmax do not predict invasion success...
Inva
sion
pote
ntia
lof s
peci
es
Fig. 1
a b c
d e f
5 10 15
-3-2
-10
12
3
Clutch size
-2 -1 0 1
-3-2
-10
12
3
Fast-Slow2 4 6 8 10
-3-2
-10
12
3
Body mass
-2.2 -1.8 -1.4 -1.0
-3-2
-10
12
3
Brood value-2 -1 0 1 2 3
-3-2
-10
12
3
Residual brain size1 2 3 4 5
-3-2
-10
12
3
Habitat generalism
Inva
sion
pot
entia
l
Rmax1 2 3 4
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So, no relation with other Life History Traits?
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Time
Popu
latio
n si
ze
Trade off: Reproduction
Survival
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which risk are you willing to take for your brood?
Brood Value =Total offspring
Clutch size
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Brood Value =2 eggs*4broods*2years
2 eggs= 0.125
Brood Value =2 eggs*1broods*8years
2 eggs= 0.125
Brood Value =Clutch*broods*lifespan
Clutch size
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Inva
sion
pote
ntia
lof s
peci
es
Fig. 1
a b c
d e f
5 10 15
-3-2
-10
12
3
Clutch size
-2 -1 0 1
-3-2
-10
12
3
Fast-Slow2 4 6 8 10
-3-2
-10
12
3
Body mass
-2.2 -1.8 -1.4 -1.0
-3-2
-10
12
3
Brood value-2 -1 0 1 2 3
-3-2
-10
12
3
Residual brain size1 2 3 4 5
-3-2
-10
12
3
Habitat generalism
Inva
sion
pot
entia
l
![Page 54: Invasion Ecology Seminar](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051323/54972c31b47959744d8b51e4/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
LHT important, but in a different way
Inva
sion
pot
entia
l
propagule pressure +
![Page 55: Invasion Ecology Seminar](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051323/54972c31b47959744d8b51e4/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Inva
sion
pote
ntia
lof s
peci
es
Fig. 1
a b c
d e f
5 10 15
-3-2
-10
12
3
Clutch size
-2 -1 0 1
-3-2
-10
12
3
Fast-Slow2 4 6 8 10
-3-2
-10
12
3
Body mass
-2.2 -1.8 -1.4 -1.0
-3-2
-10
12
3
Brood value-2 -1 0 1 2 3
-3-2
-10
12
3
Residual brain size1 2 3 4 5
-3-2
-10
12
3
Habitat generalism
LHT important, but in a different way
Inva
sion
pot
entia
l
propagule pressure +
![Page 56: Invasion Ecology Seminar](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051323/54972c31b47959744d8b51e4/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Inva
sion
pote
ntia
lof s
peci
es
Fig. 1
a b c
d e f
5 10 15
-3-2
-10
12
3
Clutch size
-2 -1 0 1
-3-2
-10
12
3
Fast-Slow2 4 6 8 10
-3-2
-10
12
3
Body mass
-2.2 -1.8 -1.4 -1.0
-3-2
-10
12
3
Brood value-2 -1 0 1 2 3
-3-2
-10
12
3
Residual brain size1 2 3 4 5
-3-2
-10
12
3
Habitat generalism
LHT important, but in a different way
Inva
sion
pot
entia
l
propagule pressure +
![Page 57: Invasion Ecology Seminar](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051323/54972c31b47959744d8b51e4/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Inva
sion
pote
ntia
lof s
peci
es
Fig. 1
a b c
d e f
5 10 15
-3-2
-10
12
3
Clutch size
-2 -1 0 1
-3-2
-10
12
3
Fast-Slow2 4 6 8 10
-3-2
-10
12
3
Body mass
-2.2 -1.8 -1.4 -1.0
-3-2
-10
12
3
Brood value-2 -1 0 1 2 3
-3-2
-10
12
3
Residual brain size1 2 3 4 5
-3-2
-10
12
3
Habitat generalism
LHT important, but in a different way
Inva
sion
pot
entia
l
propagule pressure +
![Page 58: Invasion Ecology Seminar](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051323/54972c31b47959744d8b51e4/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Explain success of pigeons
![Page 59: Invasion Ecology Seminar](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051323/54972c31b47959744d8b51e4/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Com
petit
ivene
ss
Niche overlap
+
-
+
based in Mc Dougall et al. 2009
![Page 60: Invasion Ecology Seminar](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051323/54972c31b47959744d8b51e4/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Com
petit
ivene
ss
Niche overlap
+
-
+
based in Mc Dougall et al. 2009
![Page 61: Invasion Ecology Seminar](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051323/54972c31b47959744d8b51e4/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Com
petit
ivene
ss
Niche overlap
+
-
+
based in Mc Dougall et al. 2009
![Page 62: Invasion Ecology Seminar](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051323/54972c31b47959744d8b51e4/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
What am I doing in a bee lab?
![Page 63: Invasion Ecology Seminar](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051323/54972c31b47959744d8b51e4/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Osmia cornifrons Osmia lignariaInvasive native
![Page 64: Invasion Ecology Seminar](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051323/54972c31b47959744d8b51e4/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Osmia cornifrons Osmia lignaria
* Same habitats* Same phenologies (?)* Same nesting preferences (?)* Same diet (?)
Invasive native
We suspect:
![Page 65: Invasion Ecology Seminar](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051323/54972c31b47959744d8b51e4/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Com
petit
ivene
ss
Niche overlap
+
-
+
based in Mc Dougall et al. 2009
![Page 66: Invasion Ecology Seminar](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051323/54972c31b47959744d8b51e4/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Com
petit
ivene
ss
Niche overlap
+
-
+
based in Mc Dougall et al. 2009
Is there competition going on?
![Page 67: Invasion Ecology Seminar](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051323/54972c31b47959744d8b51e4/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Not all communities are equally resistant
Most invaders use empty or disturbed habitats
Not all species are good invaders
Most invaders have behavioral or phenotypic plasticity
“paradox”
Where?
Who?
![Page 68: Invasion Ecology Seminar](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051323/54972c31b47959744d8b51e4/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Thank you- [email protected]
Thanks to Co-Authors: Daniel Sol, Andrea Griffin, Joan Pino, Xavier Font, Paloma Vicente, Joan
Maspons, Josep Piñol, Miquel Vall-llosera.
People at CREAF, Oriol Lapiedra, Cesar Lagos,...
![Page 69: Invasion Ecology Seminar](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051323/54972c31b47959744d8b51e4/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Fig. 3
-2 -1 0 1 2
-2-1
01
23
Fast-slow continuum
Res
idua
l bra
in s
ize
-2.2 -2.0 -1.8 -1.6 -1.4 -1.2 -1.0 -0.8
-2-1
01
23
Brood value
R
esid
ual B
rain
Text