1. Invasive Fungal Infections: Overview, Diagnosis & Treatment ApproachesIheanyi OkpalaProfessor of HematologyUniversity of Nigeria

2. Outline of Talk Burden of IFI the magnitude of the problem Epidemiology who, where & when Risk factors & risk groups Signs & symptoms Diagnosis of Aspergillosis and Candidiasis 3. The Burden of IFIInvasive fungal infections tend to be under-diagnosedThis is partly because of non-specific signs & symptomsYet, unrecognised/untreated IFI could cause deathA significant number recognised only at autopsySo, a high index of clinical suspicion is required. 4. Prevalence of IFI in Nigeria: An InsightIn 1 centre, 23 incidental cases in 3 yrs, at surgical biopsy. Need for greater awareness highlighted 5. Risk Factors For Invasive Fungal InfectionsCongenitalAcquiredDefective IL-10 synthesis Exposure to high concentrationof fungal sporesMannose-binding lectinProlonged neutropeniadeficiencyPolymorphisms ofTreatment with agents thattoll-like receptor impair cellular immunity- steroids, purine analogues e.g fludarabinemonoclonal antibodies tolymphocytes e.g anti-CD20 6. Signs and Symptoms of Invasive Fungal InfectionsFever >3 dys despite broad-spectrum antibacterial therapyMay be subtle, e.g temp rise >10C with absolute temp