inventory - sacramento b. 1. chapter b. inventory . introduction. executive airport [also known by...

Draft Final Report. March 2010

B. 1

CHAPTER B

Inventory INTRODUCTION

Executive Airport [also known by its Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) identifier – SAC], is owned by the City of Sacramento and operated under a lease agreement by the Sacramento County Airport System. The Airport is located in center of the Sacramento Valley in Sacramento, California. The Sacramento Valley lies between the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range to the east. The Airport is an important element of the national airport system and an integral component of the transportation-infrastructure for the region. Executive Airport is a busy and unique operations facility, in that it supports a wide range of aircraft, ranging from single engine aircraft, helicopters, to larger business and corporate turbine (jet) powered aircraft and commercial passenger charter flights utilizing aircraft as large as Gulfstream V’s. The Airport does not have scheduled commercial passenger service activity and its service role as a general aviation airport is to remain unchanged. Executive Airport is an excellent aviation facility and, along with the aviation related businesses and facilities, represents a vital and significant economic asset to the region. Additionally, the Airport provides benefits to local businesses and industry, promotes tourism, and encourages regional economic development and expansion.

While airport planning documents related to the layout of airport facilities have been kept up-to-date, an overall master planning study of airport facilities has not been completed since the 1979 Airport Master Plan for Sacramento Executive Airport. Since that time, aviation


B. 2

issues on the local, regional, and national levels have changed. This Airport Master Plan is intended to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the Airport, and result in a well-conceived, long-term facilities plan for accommodating the anticipated future aviation demand. The future requirements will be evaluated from the standpoint of aviation needs, and from the perspective of the relationship of airport facilities to the surrounding land uses and the community as a whole. This planning document will focus programming for a complete and comprehensive aviation facility, with the overall goal being an airport that can accommodate future demand, strive for financial self-sufficiency and that is compatible with community environs. This chapter examines five basic elements of the Airport, which are physical facilities (runways, taxiways, aircraft parking aprons, hangars, ground access, etc.); the relationship to the airport/airspace system; the airport environs; an overview of environmental considerations; and financial inventory and summary. Subsequent chapters of the Master Plan detail the existing number of aircraft operations conducted, the number of based aircraft at the Airport, a forecast of future aviation activity, and an evaluation of the existing facilities’ ability to safely and efficiently meet the projected demand. Additionally, alternatives will be formulated to examine the options for provision of facilities to meet the demand. Finally, a preferred future development plan will be recommended along with an implementation schedule and cost estimates. Additional supporting studies completed in conjunction with the Master Plan, include the following: Sacramento Executive Airport Master Plan Preliminary Biological Resources Report,

Sacramento Executive Airport Commercial Land Use Opportunities, Sacramento Executive

Airport Noise Ordinance Update Report, and the Executive Airport Fullertown Through-the-

Fence (TTF) Access White Paper. These documents are included in the Appendix.

AIRPORT ROLE AND FACILITIES

The Airport is owned by the City of Sacramento, and operated by the Sacramento County Airport System (under a 25-year rolling and annually renewing lease agreement), which has overall responsibility for the operation of the Airport on a daily basis. The Airport is classified as a reliever airport by the FAA’s National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS), serving as a reliever to Sacramento International Airport. As illustrated in Figure

B1, AIRPORT LOCATION MAP, Executive Airport is located within Sacramento County and is


B. 3

situated in north-central California. The Airport is entirely located within the City of Sacramento (as shown in Figure B2, entitled AIRPORT VICINITY MAP) and is approximately three miles south of the Sacramento Central Business District (CBD). Sacramento, which is the State Capital of California, is located approximately 88 miles northeast of San Francisco, California, approximately 125 miles southwest of Lake Tahoe, Nevada, and approximately 100 miles east of the Pacific Ocean.

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Airport Reference Point (ARP): Latitude 38° 30’ 45.09”N, Longitude 121° 29’ 36.49”W.

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Site number: 02127.A

National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS) classification: Reliever

Acreage: 520 acres.

Elevation: 24 feet above mean sea level (AMSL).

Average Maximum Temperature of the hottest month: 93°F (July).

Airside Facilities

Runway System. An illustration of airport facilities is included in the following figure entitled EXISTING AIRPORT LAYOUT. The Airport has three intersecting runways and one heliport:

Runway 2/20 – Primary Runway. Length and Width: 5,503 feet by 150 feet.

Pavement: Constructed of asphalt pavement with a gross weight bearing capacity of 60,000 pounds single wheel, 130,000 pounds dual-wheel, and 210,000 pounds dual-tandem wheel main landing gear configuration. (Weight limitations apply and prior permission request procedure in place for the Airport.)

Lighting and Marking: Medium Intensity Runway Lights (MIRL) and standard precision runway markings.

Visual and Navigational Aids: Visual landing aids include four-light Visual Approach Slope Indicators (VASI) and Runway End Identifier Lights (REIL) on Runway 20. Navigational aids include an Instrument Landing System (ILS) approved for Category I ILS approaches to Runway 2, which includes a Medium Intensity Approach Lighting System with Runway Alignment Indicator Lights (MALSR) and a glide slope. A localizer is currently located off the Runway 20 end. Additionally, the airfield has four lighted windcones, one unlighted windcone, and a segmented circle.

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Runway 12/30 – Crosswind Runway. Length and Width: 3,836 feet by 100 feet.

Pavement: Constructed of asphalt with a gross weight bearing capacity of 30,000 pounds single-wheel, 43,000 pounds dual wheel, and 67,000 pounds dual-tandem wheel main landing gear configuration.

Lighting and Marking: MIRL and standard basic visual approach runway markings.

Visual Aids: Visual aids include two-light VASIs and REILs serving both runways.

Runway 16/34. Length and Width: 3,485 feet by 150 feet.

Pavement: Constructed of asphalt with a gross weight bearing capacity of 60,000 pounds single-wheel, 85,000 pounds dual wheel, and 90,000 pounds dual-tandem wheel main landing gear configuration.

Marking: Standard basic visual approach runway markings.

Heliport H1. Length and Width: 60 feet by 60 feet.

Pavement: Constructed of asphalt.

Lighting: Medium Intensity Perimeter Lighting (MIPL).

Taxiway System. Several taxiways provide access from the runways to the terminal area and aviation facilities. Taxiway “M” is a 50-foot wide, full parallel taxiway and provides access to Runway 2/20. Runway 30 is served by Taxiway “E” which provides access to the terminal area. Runway 34 is served by Taxiway “G”, which is 50 feet wide. Taxiway “G” continues from Runway 34 to serve Runway 2 and connects Runway 2 with the ramp area. This

section of Taxiway “G” is also 50-foot wide. Several smaller connecting taxiways provide access between the runways and the terminal

area. Taxiways “A”, “B”, “D”, “F”, “H”, “K”, “J”, “L”, “N”, and “W” are all 40 feet wide. Additionally, Taxiway “F” provides airside access Radman Aerial Surveys and to Fullertown,

a residential Through-the-Fence community located northeast of the Airport. Many aircraft owners who utilize Sacramento Executive Airport that reside in Fullertown park their aircraft behind their homes and taxi on small private access ways that connect to Taxiway “F”.


B. 9

(Refer to Appendix D, Executive Airport Fullertown Through-the-Fence (TTF) Access White Paper for additional information).

Instrument Approach and Capabilities. There are presently two published public-use instrument approach procedures at Executive Airport. The instrument approach procedures are presented in the following table entitled INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURES. In addition, regional airspace considerations are illustrated in the following illustration entitled

AIRSPACE/NAVAIDS SUMMARY. Table B1 INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURES

Type of Approach Runway Designation Ceiling Minimums Visibility Minimums

ILS or LOC 2 200’ AGL ½-mile1

VOR or GPS 2 441’ AGL ½-mile2

Source: U.S. Terminal Procedures, Southwest (SW), Vol. 2, April 10, 2008 to May 8, 2008.

Notes:

1 Authorized for use by Category A, B, C, and D aircraft. 2 Authorized for use by Category A and B aircraft.

Landside Facilities

Aprons. The primary aircraft parking apron is located on the west side of the Airport. The aircraft apron provides approximately 160 hangar spaces, (66 of which are located on the north, in between the Runway 12 and Runway 20 approaches), 53 shade hangars, and 365

aircraft tie-down spaces. 30 aircraft tie-down spaces are reserved for loading, short-term and long-term transient aircraft parking. Six helicopter parking areas are located immediately west of Heliport H1, which is located northwest of Runway 2. Two additional daytime/

Visual Flight Rules (VFR) helicopter parking areas are located on the primary aircraft parking apron near the terminal building. Air Traffic Control Tower (ATCT)/Terminal Building. The terminal building and the adjoining Air Traffic Control Tower (ATCT) are located on the west side of Runway 2/20. The

terminal building is 26,000 square feet in size, and consists of four levels, which include a pilot’s lounge, meeting rooms, breakroom, airport restaurant (Aviators Restaurant), and


B. 10

Airport Administration and Operations offices. Besides Airport Administration, other primary tenants include Skywalk, REACH, Inc., American Aerial Survey Mapping, Executive Flyers, Carter Flygare, and SERCO ATCT [a privately operated Air Traffic Control (ATC) contractor under an agreement with FAA]. The ATCT is operated between the hours of 6:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m., seven days a week.

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B. 12

Fixed Base Operator (FBO) Facilities. Sacramento Executive Jet Center (SACjet) is the airport FBO, with administration offices located west of the terminal building. The FBO facility consists of several large aircraft storage and maintenance hangars, aircraft parking (tie-down and ramp), and is currently developing approximately 40,000 square feet of hangar space. Sacramento Executive Jet Center provides aviation fuel service, bottled oxygen service, hangar leasing and sales, catering, rental and courtesy cars. Other businesses operating at the Airport provide a wide variety of services, including flight instruction, avionics, insurance, aircraft ambulance, aerial photography, aircraft maintenance, aircraft rental, aircraft sales, and aircraft charter.

Hangar Facilities. The general aviation aircraft storage hangar areas at the Airport are located southwest and north of the terminal building, and north of the Runway 12 threshold. The majority of these hangars are rental shade hangars and T-hangars. Additionally, private hangar facilities are located north and south of the terminal building and on the eastern portion of the Airport.

Utility and Other Facilities. Utility and other facilities located on the landside of the Airport include two aircraft wash facilities, an electrical vault, and a pump station. One aircraft wash pad is located west of the long-term transient tie-down parking area on the main apron. The other aircraft wash pad, drains into the City’s sanitary sewer system, and is located northwest of the Runway 12 threshold. The airport electrical vault is located west of the terminal building, near the main airport entrance, and the airport drainage system pump station is located off Taxiway “F”, northwest of the Runway 30 end.

Fuel Storage Facilities. Aviation fuel is presently stored in a centralized fuel storage facility, which is located northwest of the Runway 2 threshold. The overall fuel storage capacity of this facility is 40,000 gallons of AVGAS (100LL) and 20,000 gallons of Jet-A. Additionally, a

self-service fuel island is located north of the terminal building. All tanks comply with all federal, state, and local regulations. SACjet currently has a lease agreement with the Airport to operate the self service fuel island and provide fuel delivery on the airfield.

Fire and Emergency Response Services. The Airport currently does not have an Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF) facility; however, the City of Sacramento Fire Department is located off Freeport Boulevard, immediately west of the Runway 12 threshold.


B. 13

Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS). The Airport is served by an Automated Surface Observation System (ASOS), which is located between Runway 2 and 34, approximately 1,358 feet northeast of the Runway 2 threshold, and is approximately 510 feet southwest of the Runway 34 threshold. This facility measures the following weather parameters: visibility, sky condition (cloud amount and height up to 12,000 feet), obstructions to vision (haze, fog), wind (direction, character, and speed), precipitation accumulation, ambient and dew point temperatures, pressure, and basic current weather information (type and intensity for freezing rain, rain, and snow). The ASOS provides a minute-by-minute update to airborne pilots via VHF radio frequency. The radio frequency for the Executive Airport ASOS is available through the Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS) at 125.5 MHz. Vehicular Access and Parking. Executive Airport is accessed via Freeport Boulevard (California State Route 160) from the west. Florin Road provides access to the Airport from the south, 24th Street provides access from the east, and Fruitridge Road provides access from the north. Freeport Boulevard connects to major arterials such as U.S. Highway 50, which runs east-west and is located north of the Airport. Freeport Boulevard also connects to Interstate 5 (I-5)/Carlton E. Forbes Freeway, which runs north-south, located west/southwest of the Airport. Executive Airport provides approximately 500 vehicular parking spaces. The general vehicle parking area serving the terminal building is located immediately west of the terminal at the main airport entrance within the terminal loop road, and provides approximately 200 paved parking spaces. The remaining 300 parking spaces are variously located throughout the Airport, many of which are located in front of tenant facilities that face Freeport Boulevard. All public daily parking on the Airport is currently free of fee.

AIRPORT LAND USE AND ZONING

An inventory of the land uses, zoning patterns, and the various land use planning and control documents used to guide development of property surrounding the Airport is an important element in the airport planning process. Land use compatibility with airport

development is made through knowledge of what land uses are proposed and what, if any, changes need to be made.


B. 14

Executive Airport is located three miles south of the Sacramento central business district. The following paragraphs provide a generalized description of the existing zoning; existing and future land use patterns; and safety, height, and noise restrictions for the areas surrounding the Airport.

Existing Zoning

Executive Airport is located on the southwest side of Sacramento, inside the city limits. According to the City of Sacramento Zoning Map (adopted January 2006), the majority of the land surrounding the Airport is zoned residential. Areas to the southwest along Freeport Boulevard and areas to the east of the Airport along the light rail corridor are zoned industrial. Business/commercial zoning occurs in areas to the west and northwest of the Airport along Freeport Boulevard, areas to the northeast along Fruitridge Road, areas to the southeast along and southwest along Florin Road, and a small portion east of the Airport along 24th Street. A small portion of Flood Zone/American River Parkway occurs along 24th Street, southeast of the Airport. Existing zoning is depicted in the following figure, entitled

GENERALIZED EXISTING ZONING.

Existing and Future Land Use

The City of Sacramento adopted a comprehensive land use plan in 1988, known as The

Sacramento City General Plan. The City is currently in the process of updating the General

Plan, which is known as the Sacramento 2030 General Plan. The General Plan is currently in

draft form and the City Council anticipates a formal adoption of the General Plan during the

winter of 2008 and will replace the existing 1988 Sacramento City General Plan. The General

Plan serves as a guidance document for urban design, mobility, housing, public safety,

economic development, environmental resources, services and facilities, parks and recreation, and land use. Existing land uses surrounding the Airport are shown in the following figure, GENERALIZED

EXISTING LAND USE. These land uses are associated with the currently adopted General Plan and the City of Sacramento Development Services Department Community Plans (April

2008). The existing land use for airport property is classified as Transportation. Residential

land uses surround the majority of the airport vicinity. Parks/Open Space land uses surround the Airport to the north, south, and to the east. Small portions of public land uses exist near the Airport further to the north, northeast, east, southeast, south, southwest, west,


B. 15

and northwest. Business/Commercial land uses surround the Airport to the west and east, and Community/Neighborhood Commercial and Offices land uses exist to the northwest, southwest, and southeast. Heavy commercial land uses exist to the immediate southwest and smaller portions to the east and northeast of the Airport. The preferred land uses in the airport vicinity from the draft Sacramento 2030 General Plan

are illustrated in GENERALIZED FUTURE LAND USE. The land located within airport property is preferred Public and some public land uses are recommended further to the north, northwest, west, southwest, southeast, and east of the Airport. The predominant land use surrounding the Airport is recommended for Residential. Some Parks land uses are preferred to the areas north, south, east, and southeast of the Airport. Business/Commercial land uses are recommended for areas to the northwest, north, northeast, west, southwest, and some smaller areas to the southeast and east of the Airport. Industrial land uses are preferred immediately southwest of the Airport. Though more significantly addressed in the Noise element of this Master Plan, it is important

to note here that the Airport enjoys significant neighborhood support for its operations and contributions to the community. Current and future aircraft-generated noise exposure [Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL) 65] remains on airport property.

Safety, Height, and Noise Restrictions

The State of California Utilities Code requires the creation of an Airport Land Use Commission (ALUC), who is responsible for developing a Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) for each county’s public use airport. The Sacramento Area County of Governments (SACOG) is the ALUC for Sacramento County. The CLUP is based on an Airport Layout Plan

(ALP) or a 20-year master plan approved by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). The CLUP addresses airport safety and noise concerns, with the intention of protecting citizens on the ground from aircraft accidents and excessive aircraft noise, ensuring the orderly development and expansion of airports, and protecting airport operations from incompatible land use encroachments to the extent that these areas do not

already exists. The ALUC prepared a CLUP in 1998 for Yolo, Yuba, Sutter, and Sacramento Counties, authorized by the Airport Land Use Commission Law (California Public Utilities Code


B. 16

Chapter 4, Article 3.5). The Sacramento CLUP creates airport safety zones, places height limits on objects near the Airport, and establishes noise exposure levels. Airport safety zones were established in the CLUP to minimize the number of people potentially exposed to aircraft hazards and accidents near the Airport. These zones include the aircraft overflight zone, the clear zone, and the approach/departure zone. Aircraft overflight zones are located directly underneath the airport traffic pattern and are the least restrictive safety zone. The clear zones, which are the most restrictive safety zone, are based off of the FAA’s Runway Protection Zone (RPZ) standard dimensions, which are located off each runway end and typically contain open or agricultural crop land. The approach/departure zones are located beneath each runway’s departure and arrival slopes, and are less restrictive than clear zones. By placing height limits on objects near the Airport, the Sacramento ALUC can prevent objects such as utility towers, cellular phone antennas, and buildings from penetrating any of the identified imaginary surfaces defined in the FAA Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR) Part 77, Objects Affecting Navigable Airspace.

The California Code of Regulations, Title 21, Subchapter 6 indicates that the State of California prohibits four land use types to be located within the 65 decibel (dB) CNEL exposure level, which include public and private schools, places of public worship, residential dwellings, and hospitals. In order to enforce these noise regulations, each airport is required to develop a noise exposure map delineating the 65 dB CNEL noise contour location.

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B. 20

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS INVENTORY

In addition to an inventory of Executive Airport’s physical facilities, a general environmental

inventory was also conducted. This process helped identify multiple environmental resources and concerns at the Airport. Environmental resources which may be affected at the Airport include noise, water quality, and wildlife habitat.

Airport Environs

Biological Resources. The Airport is located in the Great Valley ecological region (Miles and Goudy, 1997). The Great Valley of California is a vast, flat, low-lying plain almost entirely surrounded by mountains. The valley parallels the general north-south trend of the Sierra Nevada Mountains on the east and the California Coast Ranges on the west. The northern half of the Great Valley is known as the Sacramento Valley, and the southern half is known as the San Joaquin Valley. The Airport is located in the Sacramento Valley within basin-type physiography. Basins are common in the both the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys, and are commonly associated with hardpans and high clay content (McElhiney, 1992). The climate is hot and subhumid. The mean annual precipitation, which is practically all rain, is about 16 to 18 inches. Mean annual temperature is about 59 to 62 degrees Fahrenheit. The mean freeze-free period is about 250 to 275 days (Miles and Goudy, 1997).

Historically, this region supported extensive annual grasslands intermixed with a variety of vegetative communities including oak woodland, wetland, and riparian woodland. Intensive agricultural and urban development has resulted in large losses and conversion of these habitats. The remaining native vegetative communities exist as isolated remnant patches within urban and agricultural landscapes, or in areas where varied topography has made urban and/or agricultural development difficult.

Within the airport boundary, terrain is a nearly flat terrace. Site elevation ranges from approximately 13 to 23 feet (four to seven meters) above mean sea level. At the landscape level, the topography gently slopes to the southwest. The hydrology of the Airport has been highly altered due to development of the existing runways and associated aviation-related

facilities. Surrounding areas consist of residential and commercial development as well as some open space found in Bing Maloney Golf Course to the south and Mangan Park to the north.


B. 21

Vegetation Communities and Wildlife Habitats. Vegetation communities are assemblages of plant species that occur in the same area and which are defined by species composition and relative abundance. Upland plant communities and habitats within airport property include annual grassland and urban/ruderal (Figure B8, VEGETATIVE COMMUNITIES WITHIN

AIRPORT PROPERTY). Plant communities and habitat associated with aquatic settings include the ditches, fresh emergent wetlands, as well as potential to support seasonal wetlands and vernal pools within the annual grassland habitat. Additional communities may be identified after a more extensive survey or wetland delineation is conducted. The vegetation community descriptions and nomenclature used in this section generally correlate to wildlife habitat types in A Guide to Wildlife Habitats of California or California Wildlife Habitats Relationships (CWHR) (Mayer and Laudenslayer, 1988). The types of wildlife habitat (in

accordance with the CWHR classification system) are described in further detail below.

Upland Habitats

Annual Grassland. In California, annual grassland generally occurs on flat plains to gently rolling foothills throughout the Great Valley, in the coastal mountain ranges to Mendocino County, and in scattered locations in the southern portion of the state. Structure in annual grassland depends largely on weather patterns and livestock grazing. Dominant species found within this habitat include introduced grasses such as, brome (Bromus spp.) and wild

oat (Avena fatua). The annual grassland habitat within SAC is dominated by non-native

annual grasses including Mediterranean barley (Hordeum marinum), foxtail barley (Hordeum

murinum), soft-chess brome (Bromus hordeaceus), and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne).

Common forbs associated with annual grassland include clover (Medicago spp. and Trifolium

spp.), filaree (Erodium sp.), turkey mullein (Eremocarpus setigerus), and geranium (Geranium spp.). The annual grassland immediately surrounding the runways is constantly mowed for

safety, whereas the other annual grassland areas on airport property may be mowed periodically (once a year) or not at all (Nottingham, pers.comm. 2008).

Many wildlife species use annual grasslands for foraging, but some require special habitat features such as cliffs, caves, ponds, or habitats with woody plants for breeding, resting, and cover. Birds known to breed in annual grasslands include horned lark (Eremophila alpestris), killdeer (Charadrius vociferus), northern mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos), western

meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta), black phoebe (Sayornis nigricans), American crow (Corvus

brachyrhynchos), blackbirds, and finches. There have been sightings of western burrowing owl


B. 22

(Athene cunicularia hypugaea), a California species of special concern, on airport property in

the past by SCAS employees (Nottingham, pers.comm. 2008). Habitat of this type has also been known to provide important foraging habitat for raptor species such as red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) and state-threatened Swainson’s hawk (Buteo swainsoni). An American

kestrel (Falco sparverius) was observed foraging at SAC during the May 2008 survey. Overall,

the wildlife value of annual grassland at SAC is somewhat diminished due to the abundance of urban habitat surrounding the Airport and the frequency of human disturbance.

Urban/Redural. Urban land uses at the Airport include the paved runways, associated structures, roadways, and parking lots. Ruderal (roadside) communities occur in areas of disturbances such as along roadsides, trails, parking lots, etc. These communities are subjected to ongoing or past disturbances (e.g., vehicle activities, mowing). A distinguishing characteristic of urban and ruderal habitats is the mixture of native and exotic plant species. Exotic plant species may provide valuable habitat elements such as cover for nesting and roosting, as well as food sources such as nuts or berries. Ruderal habitat in these disturbed areas supports a diverse weedy flora. Dominant species found within ruderal habitat include introduced grasses such as bromes (i.e. Bromus hordeaceus), Italian wildrye (Lolium multiflorum), and wild oat. Ruderal habitat supports species such as turkey mullein, field

bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), milk thistle (Silybum marianum), wild lettuce (Lactuca

serriola), prickly sow thistle (Sonchus arvensis), Canadian horseweed (Conyza canadensis),

yellow star-thistle (Centaurea solstitialis), and common mallow (Malva neglecta).

Native and introduced wildlife species that are tolerant of human activities often thrive in urban and ruderal habitats. Urban land use components such as buildings and domestic landscaping provide habitat for some wildlife species. For example, common birds such as house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus) build their nests on structures, and less abundant species

like black phoebe (Sayornis nigricans) and barn swallow (Hirundo rustica), also use buildings,

especially near water. Common wildlife such as killdeer, American robin (Turdus

migratorius), and American pipit (Anthus rubescens) are likely to use ruderal habitat.

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B. 24

Aquatic Resources

Water quality is an important resource at the Airport. The most common impact to water quality at an airport results from stormwater runoff. Many of the chemicals, solvents, and fuels used on impervious surfaces such as an aircraft apron build up in nearby stormwater collection basins during periods of heavy rainfall. Overtime, this accumulation can severely deplete the quality of the water and kill habitat in these areas. In order to help reduce the amount of pollutants entering the stormwater system, the Airport maintains a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) developed by SCAS. The Airport has not been delineated for wetlands and other waters of the U.S., nor has an extensive pedestrian reconnaissance-level survey been conducted for SAC. Additional wetland features may be identified when the entire airport is surveyed and delineated.

Wetland Ditches, Drainage Ways and Roadside Ditches. Drainage ways and roadside ditches are located within and around the Airport’s runways. The smaller ditches and swales immediately surrounding the runways direct stormwater off of the runways and into a larger perimeter ditch. An earthen canal maintained by the City of Sacramento follows the perimeter of the Airport along the northern and western borders. These were dry at the time of the survey. A City-maintained gunnite canal cuts through the northeastern portion of the Airport. Although this canal is concrete-lined, there is enough sediment built-up in portions of the ditch to support hydrophyllic vegetation. Portions of this canal were wet at the time of the survey. The drainage ways within SAC property are highly modified channels that vary in species composition and persistence of water. The banks consist of native and exotic species such as Himalayan blackberry (Rubus discolor), broad-leaved cattail (Typha latifolia),

hard-stemmed bulrush (Scirpus acutus var. occidentalis), Pacific rush (Juncus effusus var.

pacificus), and umbrella nutsedge (Cyperus eragrostis). A smaller earthen ditch maintained by

the County of Sacramento follows the perimeter of the Airport along the southeastern border. This ditch flows into the golf course to the south of the Airport and later re-enters

Airport property along the southern boundary. At this point, the ditch is roughly nine to ten feet wide and filled with hydrophyillic vegetation such as cattails and bulrush. Water was present in the larger ditch at the time of the survey. This southern ditch requires some removal, or cap and cover, and clearing of

vegetation along the stream bank in order to comply with the FAA Runway Safety Area (RSA)


B. 25

requirements for Runway 20 (PB Aviation 2008). This section of the ditch maintains a consistent source of water throughout the year (Nottingham, pers.comm. 2008), presumably from the irrigation runoff from the golf course to the south of the Airport. Occasional willows (Salix spp.) and Fremont cottonwoods (Populus fremontii ssp. fremontii) were found

along the large ditch in the southern portion of SAC.

Drainage ways located within airport property provide water, cover, and foraging habitat for wildlife in adjacent habitats. Mammals may include raccoon (Procyon lotor), river otter (Lutra canadensis), striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), and muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus). Aquatic species include mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) and Louisiana red swamp crayfish

(Procambarus clarkii). Common garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) utilizes these areas for

foraging as well. The potential for the federally listed giant garter snake exists especially in the larger channels that are wet for the majority of the snake’s active season (early spring to mid-fall). Potential nesting sites for red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) and tri-

colored blackbirds (Agelaius tricolor) exist along these irrigation channels where adequate

stands of hard-stemmed bulrush, cattails, or Himalayan blackberry provide adequate cover. All ditches within airport property likely fall under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) on the basis of either being built in hydric soils and/or directing surface hydrology links to traditional navigable waters (e.g., tidal sloughs). A formal delineation of wetlands and other waters of the U.S. within airport property boundaries is recommended to identify and quantify these features as well as their potential connectivity with other off-site waters. Fresh Emergent Wetland. Fresh emergent wetlands are characterized by erect, rooted

herbaceous hydrophytes. Dominant vegetation is generally perennial monocots to 6.6 feet (two meters) tall. All emergent wetlands are flooded frequently, enough so that the roots of the vegetation prosper in an anaerobic environment. On the upper margins of fresh emergent wetlands, saturated or periodically flooded soils support several moist soil plant species including big leaf sedge (Carex amplifolia), baltic rush (Juncus balticus), and redroot

nutsedge (Cyperus erythrorhizos). On wetter sites, common cattail (Typha spp.), tule bulrush

(Scirpus acutus), river bulrush (Scirpus fluviatilis), and arrowhead (Sagitaria spp.) are potential

dominant species. The fresh emergent wetlands on SAC property generally consisted of common cattails and bulrush located along the larger drainage way along the southern


B. 26

border of the Airport. Runoff water from the Airport and the golf course to the south collects in this larger drainage and drains west, off the site. Fresh emergent wetlands are among the most productive wildlife habitats in California. They provide food, cover, and water for more than 160 species of birds, and numerous mammals, reptiles, and amphibians. Tri-colored blackbird, a California species of special concern, and yellow-headed blackbird (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) may also use fresh

emergent wetlands.

Vernal Pool/Seasonal Wetland. Vernal pools are distinguished from seasonal wetlands by the plants species composition. Vernal pools are found in small depressions with a hardpan soil layer, which support specialized vernal pool plants species such as downingia (Downingia

spp.), meadowfoam (Limnanthes spp.), coyote thistle (Eryngium castrense), goldfields (Lasthenia spp.), and other species. Seasonal wetlands are relatively shallow bodies of water

that pond for a short duration, support a low diversity of plant species, and tend to support species with a high tolerance for disturbance. Wetland plant species that are either low-growing, tenacious perennials that tolerate disturbance or annuals that tolerate seasonal wetness often colonize seasonal wetlands.

Some vernal pools and seasonal wetlands qualify as wetlands under Section 404 of the federal Clean Water Act (CWA) and are under USACE jurisdiction. Additionally, these areas may

contain federally-listed vernal pool invertebrates, such as the federally threatened vernal pool fairy shrimp (Branchinecta lynchi) and federally endangered vernal pool tadpole shrimp (Lepidurus packardi), or special-status vernal pool plant species, such as legenere (Legenere limosa) or dwarf downingia (Downingia pusilla). Seasonal wetlands and vernal pools may be

located throughout the annual grassland within airport property. Since the entire airport was not surveyed on foot, additional surveys are necessary to confirm presence of seasonal wetland or vernal pool features. Seasonal wetland features may occur in the southern portion

of the Airport since the runoff from the Airport drains to the south and sometimes pools in depressions located within the Airport.


B. 27

Sensitive Habitats

Sensitive habitats include a) areas of special concern to resource agencies, b) areas protected under CEQA, c) areas designated as sensitive natural communities by CDFG, d) areas outlined in Section 1600 of the California Fish and Game Code, e) areas regulated under Section 404 of the federal CWA, and f) areas protected under local regulations and policies.

Five communities recognized by CDFG as sensitive occur within general vicinity of the Airport (CDFG, 2008a): (1) Elderberry Savanna, (2) Great Valley Cottonwood Riparian Forest, (3) Great Valley Oak Riparian Forest, (4) Northern claypan vernal pool, (5) Northern hardpan vernal pool, and (5) Northern volcanic mudflow vernal pool. Although none of the above listed sensitive habitats were directly observed during the reconnaissance survey, freshwater marsh is present within SAC property and vernal pools may also occur at the Airport. Additional surveys are recommended to confirm the presence of vernal pools on airport property.

Critical Habitat

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) defines critical habitat as a specific area that is essential for the conservation of a federally-listed species and which may require special management considerations or protection. When the USFWS lists a species as threatened or endangered under FESA, areas of habitat considered essential to its conservation and survival may be designated as critical habitat. These areas may require special consideration and/or protection due to their ecological importance. Although critical habitat may be designated on state or private lands, activities on them are not restricted unless there is federal

involvement or direct impacts to listed species are expected. In May 2008, potential critical habitat designations within and surrounding the Airport were checked using the USFWS Critical Habitat Portal (USFWS 2008b). The Airport does not contain habitat that is considered USFWS “critical habitat”.

Wildlife Corridors

Wildlife corridors refer to established migration routes commonly used by resident and migratory species for passage from one geographic location to another. Corridors are present

in a variety of habitats and link otherwise fragmented acres of undisturbed area. Maintaining the continuity of established wildlife corridors is important to a) sustain species with specific


B. 28

foraging requirements, b) preserve a species’ distribution potential, and c) retain diversity among many wildlife populations. Therefore, resource agencies consider wildlife corridors to be a sensitive resource. The Airport is surrounded by an urban environment in the form of residential and commercial land uses. The project area does not represent a significant or established migratory route or wildlife corridor.

Special-status Species

Definitions of Special-status Species. Special-status species are plants and animals that are legally protected under state and federal Endangered Species Acts (ESAs) or other regulations and species that are considered sufficiently rare by the scientific community to qualify for such listing. These species are in the following categories:

Plants or animals listed or proposed for listing as threatened or endangered under the federal ESA (50 Code of Federal regulations [CFR] 17.12 [listed plants], 17.11 [listed animals] and various notices in the Federal Register [FR] [proposed species]);

Plants or animals that are candidates for possible future listing as threatened or

endangered under the federal ESA (61 FR 40, February 28, 1996);

Plants or animals listed or proposed for listing by the State of California as threatened or endangered under the California ESA (14 California Code of Regulations [CCR] 670.5);

Plants listed as rare or endangered under the California Native Plant Protection Act

(California Fish and Game Code, Section 1900 et seq.);

Plants that meet the definitions of rare and endangered under CEQA (State CEQA Guidelines, Section 15380);

Plants considered under the California Native Plant Society (CNPS) to be “rare, threatened

or endangered in California” (Lists 1A, 1B, and 2 in CNPS 2008);

Plants listed by CNPS as plants about which more information is needed to determine their status and plants of limited distribution (Lists 3 and 4 in CNPS 2008), which may be included as special-status species on the basis of local significance or recent biological information; and

Animals fully protected in California (California Fish and Game Code, Sections 3511 [birds],

4700 [mammals], and 5050 [reptiles and amphibians]).


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Potentially Affected Listed and Proposed Species

A list of special-status plant and wildlife species that have the potential to occur within the vicinity of the Airport was compiled based on a database search. Nine special-status plant species and 27 special-status wildlife species were identified that have the potential to occur within airport property. Each special-status species identified within the database search has been addressed individually in Appendix A of this report. Figure B9, PREVIOUSLY RECORDED

OCCURRENCES OF SPECIAL-STATUS SPECIES WITHIN THE AIRPORT VICINITY, identifies locations of regional California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB) occurrences. Table B2 lists the habitat within airport property and the special-status species associated with them. Table B2 HABITATS ON AIRPORT PROPERTY AND ASSOCIATED SPECIAL-STATUS SPECIES

Habitat Special-status Plant Species Special-status Wildlife Species

Annual Grassland Dwarf downingia (List 2, SLC)

Hogwallow starfish (List 4) Ahart's dwarf rush (List 1B, SLC)

Vernal pool adrenid bee (~) Western pond turtle (CSC, SLC) – nesting

Giant garter snake (FT, ST, SLC) – winter estivation Migratory Birds*

Cooper’s hawk (CSC, SLC) Swainson’s hawk (ST, SLC) Northern harrier (CSC, SLC) White-tailed kite (CFP, SLC)

Merlin (CSC, SLC) Western burrowing owl (CSC, SLC)

Special-status bat species

Urban / Ruderal None Migratory Birds*

Purple martin (CSC) Other special-status bat species

Drainage Ways

Bogg’s lake hedge hyssop (SE, List 1B, SLC)

Rose mallow (List 2) Sanford’s arrowhead (List 1B, SLC)

Western pond turtle (CSC, SLC) Giant garter snake (FT, ST, SLC)

Migratory Birds* Northern harrier (CSC, SLC)

Tri-colored blackbird (CSC, SLC)

Fresh Emergent Wetlands

Bogg’s lake hedge hyssop (SE, List 1B, SLC)

Rose mallow (List 2) Sanford’s arrowhead (List 1B, SLC)

Western pond turtle (CSC, SLC) Giant garter snake (FT, ST, SLC)

Migratory Birds* Northern harrier (CSC, SLC)

Tri-colored blackbird (CSC, SLC)


B. 30

Table B2 HABITATS ON AIRPORT PROPERTY AND ASSOCIATED SPECIAL-STATUS SPECIES (continued)

Habitat Special-status Plant Species Special-status Wildlife Species

Seasonal Wetlands / Vernal Pools1

Dwarf downingia (List 2, SLC) Bogg’s lake hedge hyssop (SE, List 1B,

SLC) Rose mallow (List 2)

Legenere (List 1B, SLC) Slender orcutt grass (FE, SE, List 1B, SLC) Sacramento orcutt grass (FE, SE, List 1B,

SLC) Sanford’s arrowhead (List 1B, SLC)

Vernal pool adrenid bee (~) Conservancy fairy shrimp (FE)

Vernal pool fairy shrimp (FT, SLC) Midvalley fairy shrimp (SLC)

Hairy water flea (~) Delta green ground beetle (FT)

Ricksecker’s water scavenger beetle (CSC, SLC) Vernal pool tadpole shrimp (FE, SLC) California linderiella fairy shrimp (~)

Giant garter snake (FT, ST, SLC) Migratory Birds*

May be found throughout the

Airport in large trees, culverts, or urban

structures

N/A

Cooper’s hawk (CSC, SLC) Swainson’s hawk (ST, SLC) White-tailed kite (CFP, SLC)

Merlin (CSC, SLC) Yellow warbler (CSC) Purple martin (CSC)

Migratory birds* Hoary bat (CSC)

Other special-status bats Federal Status State Status CNPS Listing FE = Listed as endangered under the Federal Endangered Species Act (FESA) FT = Listed as threatened under FESA FC = Candidate for listing under FESA FD = Delisted in accordance with FESA *Migratory Birds protected under the federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act.

SE = Listed as endangered under the California Endangered Species Act (CESA) ST = Listed as threatened under CESA CSC = California Species of Concern as identified by CDFG CFP = Listed as fully protected under CDFG code

1A = Plants species that presumed extinct in California. 1B = Plant species that are rare, threatened, or endangered in California and elsewhere. List 2 = Plant species that are rare, threatened, or endangered in California, but more common elsewhere.

List 3 = Plant species that lack the necessary information to assign them to a listing status. List 4 = Plants that have a limited distribution or that are infrequent throughout a broader area in California.

Other SLC = Species of Local Concern / Regional Concern or conservation significance (County of Sacramento 2008) * If present in the project area.

Source: ESA.

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Surrounding Airport Environs SAC is bound to the west, north, and east by residential and commercial land uses. The Airport is bound to the south by a park and golf course. Given the urban setting in which SAC is located potential off-site environmental (Flora and Fauna) concerns are minimal. SAC is located in the Sacramento Valley, which is part of the Pacific Flyway. Over seven million waterfowl and other types of avian migrate through the Flyway on a biannual basis, however, due to the highly urbanized surroundings, potential nesting or roosting habitat in the vicinity of SAC is minimal.

FINANCIAL INVENTORY

The primary goal of this section is to gather materials that summarize the financial management of the Airport. In addition, it is important to develop an understanding of the financial structure, constraints, requirements, and opportunities for airport activities as related to the development of a Capital Improvement Program (CIP). The documents that have been gathered and reviewed for this financial inventory will be used to formulate a reasonable and financially sound CIP with which to fund projects identified in the master planning process. An airport is both a public service and a business, and must be operated as both. Financial assistance to public airports is often provided by the city, county, state, federal, and private sources where available. In return, the Airport provides jobs, promotes development, and supplies economic benefits to the area that it serves, as well as providing a major element of the public transportation system. This is the public service component. From a business standpoint, the Airport has the ability to generate certain revenues and, therefore, the obligation to do so. The most successful and satisfactory method of accomplishing this is through a combination of fair and equitable rates and fees associated with the use of airport facilities. It is a federal requirement that airport generated revenues be used at the Airport.

Airport revenues can be derived from leases, rental rates, airfield fees and charges, airlines, cargo operators, and other operating revenue. In consideration of these issues, the Airport’s financial statements have been gathered for fiscal years 2001 through 2009. A review of the

financial documentation for Executive Airport indicates that with the notable exception of Fiscal Year (FY) 2005, the Airport is not self-sustaining and expenses have consistently


B. 33

exceeded revenues. The primary responsibility for developing the financing program rests with SCAS and the County of Sacramento. Major sources of revenue for the Airport include:

General aviation hangar leases

Ground leases, other airfield related charges

FBO hangar rents, and fuel sales and flowage royalties

Major operating expenses include:

Salaries and benefits

Services and supplies

Indirect expenses (overhead)

Table B3 PROFIT AND LOSS SUMMARY

Year Total Operating

Revenues Total Operating

Expenses Operating Income

(Loss) Income (Loss)

Before Depreciation

Net Income

2001 $1,130,738 $1,636,233 ($505,495) ($387,483) ($835,338) 2002 $1,147,052 $1,828,385 ($681,333) ($501,380) ($910,570) 2003 $1,155,645 $1,953,508 ($797,863) ($685,834) ($1,073,706) 2004 $1,183,331 $2,281,896 ($1,098,565) ($1,102,771) ($1,543,367) 20052 $1,198,254 $2,008,637 ($810,383) $2,070,781 $1,621,645 2006 $1,243,400 $2,258,491 ($1,015,091) ($1,015,582) ($1,423,652) 20073 $1,342,869 $2,778,635 ($1,435,766) ($1,435,766) ($1,891,967) 2008 $1,635,263 $3,088,144 ($1,722,881) ($1,450,222) ($1,859,217) 2009 $1,368,418 $2,821,809 ($1,453,391) ($1,250,892) ($1,617,562)

Source: Sacramento County Airport System.

Notes:

1 Net Income (Loss) includes depreciation and capital contributions/grants. 2 Receipt of Intergovernmental Revenue received in the amount of $2,881,164. 3 A revised methodology from FY 2007 forward is applied for Direct Charges, Indirect Allocations, and Overhead Allocations.

A detailed examination of the Airport’s rates and fees analysis is contained in Chapter I, Financial Analysis.

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