inverse grid2-6 中枢免疫器官 ( central lymphoid organ )

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Inverse Grid2-6 中中中中中中 Central lym phoid organ 骨骨骨骨骨骨Bone Marrow and burs a of Fabricius 胸胸Th ymus A bilobbed primary lymphoi d organ that is required f or the generation of immun ocompetent CD3CD4 and CD3C D8 cells necessary for ada ptive immune response.

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Inverse Grid2-6 中枢免疫器官 ( Central lymphoid organ ). 骨髓和法氏囊( Bone Marrow and bursa of Fabricius ). A bilobbed primary lymphoid organ that is required for the generation of immunocompetent CD3CD4 and CD3CD8 cells necessary for adaptive immune response. 胸腺( Thymus ). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Inverse Grid2-6 中枢免疫器官  ( Central lymphoid organ )

Inverse Grid2-6 中枢免疫器官 ( Central lymphoid organ ) 骨髓和法氏囊( Bone Marrow and bursa of Fabricius )

胸腺( Thymus )

A bilobbed primary lymphoid organ that is required for the generation of immunocompetent CD3CD4 and CD3CD8 cells necessary for adaptive immune response.

Page 2: Inverse Grid2-6 中枢免疫器官  ( Central lymphoid organ )

2-6 中枢免疫器官 ( Central lymphoid organ ) 骨髓和法氏囊( Bone Marrow and bursa of Fabriciu

s ) 胸腺( Thymus ) A bilobbed primary lymphoid organ that is requir

ed for the generation of immunocompetent CD3CD4 and CD3CD8 cells necessary for adaptive immune response.

Page 3: Inverse Grid2-6 中枢免疫器官  ( Central lymphoid organ )

法氏囊( Bursa of Fabricius )

Bruce Glick and Charlie Chang

Page 4: Inverse Grid2-6 中枢免疫器官  ( Central lymphoid organ )

胸 腺( Thymus )• 皮质:上皮性网状支架,发育早期胸腺细胞为主• 髓质:上皮性网状为主,少量胸腺细胞• 血 -胸屏障:皮质毛细血管及其周围具有屏障作用• 功能:分泌多种激素,促进胸腺细胞分化• 年龄变化:新生儿胸腺相对较大,至青春期达 30-40 克,此后胸腺开始萎缩。

Page 5: Inverse Grid2-6 中枢免疫器官  ( Central lymphoid organ )

胸腺小叶中靠近边缘的皮质区密集地布满了胸腺细胞,靠近中心的髓质区则细胞稀少。胸腺为胸腺细胞的发育、成熟提供微环境。

Page 6: Inverse Grid2-6 中枢免疫器官  ( Central lymphoid organ )

Thymic Tissue Architecture

The thymus is made up of various cell type derived from different origin. Histologically, the thymus has three distinct components: subcapsular cortex, cortex and medulla. Development of T cells or thymucytes are found embedded in an epithelial network known as thymic stroma. The thymic anlage provides an inductive environment that allows precursor T cells to rapidly expand and differentiate.

Page 7: Inverse Grid2-6 中枢免疫器官  ( Central lymphoid organ )

2-7 外周淋巴器官( Peripheral lymphoid organ )

•粘膜相关淋巴系统 ( mucosa-associated lymphoid system )•脾脏( spleen )•淋巴结( lymphnodes )

•扁桃体( tonsil )

Page 8: Inverse Grid2-6 中枢免疫器官  ( Central lymphoid organ )

HEV are specialized venules found in lymphoid tissues. Lymphocytes migrate from blood into lymphoid tissues by attaching to and migrating across the high endothelial cells of the vessels.

•High endothelial venule , HEV(高内皮毛细血管后微静脉)

Page 9: Inverse Grid2-6 中枢免疫器官  ( Central lymphoid organ )

初级淋巴小结( primary follicle )次级淋巴小结( secondary follicle ) = 生发中心( germinal center )

Germinal centers in secondary lymphoid tissues are sites of intense B cell proliferation, selection, and death during Ab responses. Germinal centers form around follicular dendritic cell network when activated B cells migrate into lymphoid follicles.

•生发中心( germinal center )

Page 10: Inverse Grid2-6 中枢免疫器官  ( Central lymphoid organ )

右淋巴导管

流入右锁骨下静脉

颈部淋巴结

流入右锁骨下静脉 胸导管

胸导管

腋窝淋巴结

乳糜池

脊柱旁淋巴结

腹股沟淋巴结引流淋巴管

Lymph nodes are encapsulated strictures that are strategically placed throughout the body to receive and filter antigens and cells from peripheral interstitial fluid and lymph. All lymph nodes eventually drain into the thoracic duct and back to the peripheral blood.

Page 11: Inverse Grid2-6 中枢免疫器官  ( Central lymphoid organ )

淋 巴 结 的 基 本 结 构

HEV

髓质淋巴窦皮质淋巴窦 毛细血管

小梁

输入淋巴管

输出淋巴管静脉

动脉髓索

生发中心

髓质

被膜

淋巴结 淋巴结被膜外侧有数条输入淋巴管,门处有动、静脉神经和输出淋巴管。实质分为皮质和髓质。靠近被膜的浅层皮质区有生发中心(左)。右图显示生发中心的显微结构。

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Page 13: Inverse Grid2-6 中枢免疫器官  ( Central lymphoid organ )

胸 腺心 脏脾

初级淋巴结

左锁骨下静脉

右淋巴导管次级淋巴结 胸导管

腹股沟淋巴结

肠系膜淋巴丛 肠导管乳糜管

皮氏小淋巴结肠系膜淋巴结

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Page 15: Inverse Grid2-6 中枢免疫器官  ( Central lymphoid organ )

中央动脉

生发中心

动脉周围 淋巴鞘

淋巴小结

边缘区 被膜

脾索

边缘区

静脉窦

动脉周围 淋巴鞘

脾 脏 的 结 构

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Page 17: Inverse Grid2-6 中枢免疫器官  ( Central lymphoid organ )

脾 脏 ( Spleen )• 白髓( white pulp ) ( 1)动脉周围淋巴鞘( periarterial lymphatic sheath , PALS ),围绕在动脉周围的弥散淋巴组织,主要由 T细胞组成,相当于副皮质区。( 2)淋巴小结,主要由 B细胞组成,可发展成生发中心,常出现于 PALS的一侧。• 红髓( red pulp )占脾实质的 2/3 ,分布于小梁周围及白髓之间。( 1)脾索,( 2)脾血窦,• 功能滤血、免疫、造血、储血

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Page 19: Inverse Grid2-6 中枢免疫器官  ( Central lymphoid organ )

肠 粘 膜 淋 巴 组 织 的 结 构小肠绒毛细胞

引流淋巴管

粘液层

肌肉层 输出淋巴管

B 细胞T 细胞

浆细胞 生发中心

M 细胞

Page 20: Inverse Grid2-6 中枢免疫器官  ( Central lymphoid organ )

肠 道 淋 巴 系 统 免 疫 应 答Th

巨噬细胞 IgA

sIgA

浆细胞B

M 细胞上皮细胞

辅助

Page 21: Inverse Grid2-6 中枢免疫器官  ( Central lymphoid organ )

2-7 Recirculation of lymphocytes ( 淋巴细胞再循环 )

Both T and B cells continuously circulate and recirculate, blood to lymph to blood. Approximately 1-2% recirculate every hour. NK cells are only found in blood, spleen and liver.

Page 22: Inverse Grid2-6 中枢免疫器官  ( Central lymphoid organ )

脾 脏( 5小时)

血液循环( 30分钟)

骨髓、上皮腹腔

淋巴结( 12小时)

粘摸下组织其它组织肝 、大脑

输出淋 巴管

输 入 淋 巴 管

45%42%

10%活化淋巴细胞

未活化淋巴细胞

不参加再循环的细胞 ( ?)

10%

52%