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Invertebrate AnimalsInvertebrate AnimalsI. The Multicellular Condition A. Adaptations to the Multicellular Condition 1. Cell specialization and division of labor
B. Tissue Layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm
C. Body Types 1. Acoelomate 2. Pseudocoelom 3. Coelom
D. Body Symmetry 1. Asymmetrical
2. Spherical
3. Radial
4. Bilateral
D. Cephalization 1. Mass of nerve tissue located in the anterior region 2. Accompanies bilateralism
E. Cell Specialization and Division of Labor
II. Porifera A. Phylum Examples 1. Salt water sponge 2. Fresh water sponges
B. Porifera Characteristics 1. No true tissue layers 2. Asymmetry and radial symmetry 3. No body systems 4. No true tissue 5. Filter feeders 6. Sessile
7. Spicules
Spicule types Spongin
8. Reproduction in sponges -budding -gemmule formation
III. Cnidaria A. Phylum Examples 1. Hydra 2. Jellyfish 3. Portuguese man-of-war 4. Sea anemone 5. Coral
B. Body forms: 1. Polyp is sessile 2. Medusa is free living
C. Hydra 1. Tentacles 2. Gastrodermis 3. Mesoglea
4. Specialized sting cells- Cnidoblast cells with nematocyst
Cnidoblast cells containing nematocysts Nerve net of hydra
5. Nerve net
D. Jellyfish
1. Aurelia Life Cycle
Damage caused by jellyfish sting
E. Portuguese Man-of-War
Portuguese man-of-war
F. Sea Anemone
G. Coral
Great Barrier Reef
Coral Atoll
IV. Platyhelminthes A. Phylum Examples 1. Planaria 2. Fluke 3. tapeworm
B. Phylum Characteristics 1. Flatworms 2. Ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm 3. Bilateral symmetry 4. Cephalization 5. Acoelomate body design 6. Free living and parasitic
C. Planaria
D. Flukes
Fasciola hepatica- sheep liver fluke
Fasciola hepatica- sheep liver fluke
Taenia saginata
V. Nematoda V. Nematoda A. Characteristics 1. Ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm 2. Bilateral symmetry 3. Free living and parasitic 4. “Tube within a tube“ body design 5. Pseudocoelom
B. Phylum Examples 1. Ascaris
2. Trichinella
3. Hookworms
4. Pinworms
VI. Annelida A. Phylum Examples 1. Earthworm 2. Leech B. Characteristics of Annelida 1. Segmented body 2. Numerous body systems C. Earthworm
D. Leech
VII. Mollusca A. Examples 1. Mussels, clams, oysters, scallops, snails, slugs, octopi, squid
B. Clams
Clam anatomy
Slug and Snail
Squid and Octopus
VIII. Arthropoda A. Centipede B. Millipede C. Arachnida D. Crustacea F. Insecta
B. Diplopoda- Centipede
C. Chilopoda- Millipede
D. Arachnida- Spider, tick, scorpion
E. Crustacea- Crab and lobster
F. Insecta
IX. Echinodermata A. Echinoderm Examples 1. Sea star, sand dollar
Sea Urchin
Sand dollar
Sea Cucumber