Investigating the Investigating the Heating and Cooling Heating and Cooling

Rates of Soil and Rates of Soil and Water LabWater Lab

Lesson 3 Lesson 3 Inquiry 3.1Inquiry 3.1

Heating Earth’s SurfacesHeating Earth’s Surfaces

Hot concrete and cool water are signs that the

earth's surfaces heat and cool at different rates.

Have you ever walked barefoot on a sidewalk in the early summer? The concrete probably felt hot against your feet. But if you jumped into a pool on the same day, you might have felt cold. How could this be?

Part of the explanation has to do with the way the earth's surfaces receive and give off heat. All the surfaces on the earth absorb some of the sun's energy and give off heat to the air as they cool—but they do it at different rates. Did you know that the earth's surfaces heat and cool differently? In this lesson, you will investigate the rates at which soil and water heat and cool. In later lessons, you will see that this uneven heating affects the circulation of air on the earth and helps create storms.

Earth's SurfacesEarth's SurfacesBig QuestionBig Question

What is the difference in the heating and cooling rates What is the difference in the heating and cooling rates of soil and water?of soil and water?

HypothesisHypothesisWhat do you think will happen to the temperature of What do you think will happen to the temperature of

the soil and the water when you turn on the lamp? the soil and the water when you turn on the lamp? What will happen to their temperatures when you What will happen to their temperatures when you

turn off the lamp? Why do you think this? turn off the lamp? Why do you think this? (When you answer these questions you will have (When you answer these questions you will have written your hypothesis for this lab experiment.)written your hypothesis for this lab experiment.)

I think the temperature of the soil and water will I think the temperature of the soil and water will ___________ when I turn on the lamp because ___________ when I turn on the lamp because _________. When I turn off the lamp the temperature _________. When I turn off the lamp the temperature of the soil and water will __________ because of the soil and water will __________ because __________.__________.

Materials and ConstantsMaterials and Constants1.1. How will you make certain that your investigation of the How will you make certain that your investigation of the

heating and cooling of soil and water will be a fair test? heating and cooling of soil and water will be a fair test? Record all the things that you will need to keep the same in Record all the things that you will need to keep the same in both setups. You may draw a picture here and label it. both setups. You may draw a picture here and label it. (Under your hypothesis write the title (Under your hypothesis write the title Materials and Materials and ConstantsConstants. This is where you will record the materials used . This is where you will record the materials used in the lab, and the things that you will keep the same for in the lab, and the things that you will keep the same for both setups.)both setups.)

2.2. Materials: soil, water, digital thermometers, beakers, heat Materials: soil, water, digital thermometers, beakers, heat lamplamp

3.3. Things we will keep the same: Things we will keep the same:

- equal amounts of soil and water - equal amounts of soil and water - both thermometers set to Celsius- both thermometers set to Celsius- both thermometers at the same depth- both thermometers at the same depth- soil and water equal distance from heat lamp- soil and water equal distance from heat lamp- soil and water must be under heat lamp the same amount - soil and water must be under heat lamp the same amount of timeof time

Figure 3.1Figure 3.1►Soil and Water setup Soil and Water setup

ProcedureProcedure

1.1. Measure exactly 100ml of water and Measure exactly 100ml of water and 100ml of soil. (Do not pack soil.)100ml of soil. (Do not pack soil.)

2.2. Put one thermometer in each beaker up Put one thermometer in each beaker up to the taped line.to the taped line.

3.3. Turn on thermometers and take Turn on thermometers and take beginning temperature. This may take a beginning temperature. This may take a couple of minutes until the temperature couple of minutes until the temperature reading no longer shows any sign of reading no longer shows any sign of changing.changing.

4.4. When the reading stabilizes, record the When the reading stabilizes, record the first temperature on your table next to first temperature on your table next to the time 0:00.the time 0:00.

Put the beakers under the lamp 30 cm Put the beakers under the lamp 30 cm from the bookends. Turn on the lamp & from the bookends. Turn on the lamp & start the stopwatch! start the stopwatch!

Important : DO NOT PUT THE BEAKERS Important : DO NOT PUT THE BEAKERS DIRECTLY UNDER THE LAMP!DIRECTLY UNDER THE LAMP!

5.5. Record the temperature of both the soil Record the temperature of both the soil and water every minute for ten minutes. and water every minute for ten minutes. Do not stop the stopwatch in between Do not stop the stopwatch in between readings.readings.

BLUEBLUE – READ SOIL TEMPERATURE – READ SOIL TEMPERATURERED RED – READ WATER TEMPERATURE– READ WATER TEMPERATUREYELLOWYELLOW – WATCH THE STOPWATCH – WATCH THE STOPWATCH

GREENGREEN – RECORD TEMPERATURES ON TABLE – RECORD TEMPERATURES ON TABLE

7.7. As soon as you record the temperature for As soon as you record the temperature for 10:00, turn off lamp and 10:00, turn off lamp and DO NOTDO NOT stop the stop the stopwatch.stopwatch.

8.8. Record the Record the samesame temperature for ten temperature for ten minutes in both the heating and cooling minutes in both the heating and cooling column of table. column of table. (SEE TABLE & (SEE TABLE & HIGHLIGHT).HIGHLIGHT).

9.9. Record the temperature of the cooling water Record the temperature of the cooling water and soil every minute for ten minutes. and soil every minute for ten minutes. Record temperatures on table.Record temperatures on table.

10.10.After recording the temperature at time After recording the temperature at time 20:00, as a group figure out the total 20:00, as a group figure out the total temperature change for both the heating and temperature change for both the heating and cooling of the water and soil.cooling of the water and soil.

Questions before we begin…Questions before we begin…Look at Table 3.1aLook at Table 3.1a

► What do the numbers in the first What do the numbers in the first column of the table represent?column of the table represent?

► Which section of the table Which section of the table represents times in which the lamp represents times in which the lamp is on and times when the lamp is off?is on and times when the lamp is off?

► Why should you not reset the Why should you not reset the stopwatch to 0.00 after each minute stopwatch to 0.00 after each minute reading?reading?

► How can you calculate temperature How can you calculate temperature change?change?

Time for the Experiment!!!Time for the Experiment!!!Observations/Data/ResultsObservations/Data/Results

►Set up materials with thermometers in Set up materials with thermometers in the soil and water. the soil and water. Red Red you are in you are in charge of getting the water & charge of getting the water & BlueBlue is is in charge of getting the soil. in charge of getting the soil.

►Take the temperature reading for 0:00 Take the temperature reading for 0:00 but but DO NOTDO NOT turn on lamp yet! turn on lamp yet!

►We will all turn on the lamps and We will all turn on the lamps and begin timing at the same time.begin timing at the same time.

Restate the big questionRestate the big question((What is the difference in the heating and What is the difference in the heating and cooling rates of soil and water?cooling rates of soil and water?) ) The difference in the heating and cooling The difference in the heating and cooling rates of soil and water ……..rates of soil and water ……..

Revisit your original hypothesisRevisit your original hypothesis((What did you think would happen to the What did you think would happen to the temperature of the soil and the water temperature of the soil and the water when you turned on the lamp? What when you turned on the lamp? What would happen to their temperatures when would happen to their temperatures when you turned off the lamp? Why did you you turned off the lamp? Why did you think this? think this? Was your hypothesis proven to Was your hypothesis proven to be true or false? Whybe true or false? Why))

ConclusionConclusion

Heating and Cooling Heating and Cooling ReflectionReflection1.1. How would you describe the heating and How would you describe the heating and

cooling rates of soil and water in the cooling rates of soil and water in the investigation?investigation?

2.2. Which material held its heat longer?Which material held its heat longer?

3.3. What factors may have influenced your What factors may have influenced your results?results?

4.4. Reread the Introduction to this lesson. Can Reread the Introduction to this lesson. Can you explain now why concrete feels hot under you explain now why concrete feels hot under your feet in early summer, while water in a your feet in early summer, while water in a pool feels cold?pool feels cold?

5.5. On the basis of your investigation, how do you On the basis of your investigation, how do you think the temperature of the ocean compares think the temperature of the ocean compares with the temperature of the land nearby?with the temperature of the land nearby?

Heating Cooling

Time (minutes) Soil Temperature (°C) Water Temperature (°C) Time (minutes) Soil Temperature (°C) Water Temperature (°C)

0:00 10:00

1:00 11:00

2:00 12:00

3:00 13:00

4:00 14:00

5:00 15:00

6:00 16:00

7:00 17:00

8:00 18:00

9:00 19:00

10:00 20:00

Total temperature change

Total temperature change

Heating and Cooling Data Heating and Cooling Data Table 1Table 1

Graphing Your DataGraphing Your Data►What title will you give your graph?What title will you give your graph?►How will you label each axis to show How will you label each axis to show

the temperature and time changes?the temperature and time changes?►What will be the first number on each What will be the first number on each

axis? How will you space the numbers axis? How will you space the numbers on each axis? How many degrees will on each axis? How many degrees will each interval between the numbers each interval between the numbers represent?represent?

►What techniques will you use to make What techniques will you use to make the graph more readable?the graph more readable?

Graph AGraph A

Graph BGraph B

Graph CGraph C

Graph DGraph D

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(x) T I M E (Minutes)

Heating and Cooling Rates of Soil and Water

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