ionic compounds. learning goals describe the relationship between chemical formulae, composition,...
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Warm-Up 1.Why do we name objects, people, pets, elements, etc.? 2.Do all names stay the same? Do your names always stay the same?TRANSCRIPT
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Ionic Compounds
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Learning Goals
• Describe the relationship between chemical formulae, composition, and names of ionic compounds
• Describe the properties of ionic compounds
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Warm-Up
1. Why do we name objects, people, pets, elements, etc.?
2. Do all names stay the same? Do your names always stay the same?
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Ionic Bonding• Metals– Electron donors– Donate their valence
electrons to become a positive ion (cation)
• Nonmetals– Electron acceptors– Accept valence electrons to become a
negative ion (anion)
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Ionic Bonding
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Ionic Bonding
The oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other by a
force called an ionic bond
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• Most ionic compounds:• Have high melting points• Are hard and brittle• Are soluble in water• Form electrolytes (conduct electricity)
when dissolved in water
Properties of Ionic Compound
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Crystal Lattice Structure• Ionic compounds form crystal
lattices• This explains why they have
high melting points and are hard but brittle
Na+ Cl-
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Ionic Compounds in Water
When ionic compounds dissolve, they separate into their ions
The free ions can now move and conduct electricity
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Naming Ionic Compounds• Many ionic compounds are made up of a
metal and a nonmetal• The metal is named first, followed by the
nonmetal• Change the nonmetal ending to “ide”
E.g. aluminum and oxygen = aluminum oxide magnesium and chlorine = magnesium chloride
Do NOT capitalize
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Common Anions NameH- hydrideF- fluorideCl- chlorideBr- bromideI- iodide
O2- oxideS2- sulfideN3- nitrideP3- phosphide
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Writing the Chemical Formula
• Step 1: Write the symbols of the elements, with the metal on the left-hand side and the non-metal on the right-hand side.
Mg Cl• Step 2: Add the ionic charge of each ion
above the symbol+2 -1Mg Cl
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• Step 3: Determine the number of ions required to bring the charge to zero.
1(+2) + 2(-1) = 0 Mg Cl
• Step 4: Write the chemical formula using the (red) coefficients in front of each bracket as subscripts
Mg1Cl2 Note: Do not write the subscript “1”
The chemical formula for magnesium chloride is MgCl2
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Crisscross Method
• Step 1: Write the symbols of the elements and their ionic chargesMg 2+ Cl-
• Step 2: Crisscross the numbers of the ionic charges so that they now become subscripts Mg 2+ Cl-
MgCl2
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Multivalent Metals• Some metals have multiple ionic charges.E.g. Write the chemical name of CuBr2. • Copper could have either +1 or +2 • Each bromide ion has a charge of -1, so the total
charge of bromide ions is 2(-1).• The ionic charge of copper in this compound is +2• Roman numerals are included ONLY if the metal
has more than one ionic charge.• The name of CuBr2 is copper (II) bromide
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Practice!