Expanding the Web beyond desktop and mobile
to the Web of Things

Webinos IoT Workshop,Oxford23 July 2013

Dave Raggett

Before the Web

Vannevar Bush

Scientific advisor to President RooseveltAs We May Think published July 1945 in
The Atlantic Monthly

A conceptual machine (the Memex) that can
store vast quantities of interlinked information

Same article describes the Cyclops Camera:"worn on forehead, it would photograph
anything you see and want to record

Douglas Engelbart

Mid-1960's Inventor of the computer mouse, he led work on hypertext and graphical user interfaces at SRI International

Ted Nelson

1960 launches Project XanaduGoal: a networked pay-per-document hypertext database encompassing all written information

1965 Ted coins the term Hypertextin "A File Structure for the Complex, the Changing, and the Indeterminate". 20th National Conference, New York, Association for Computing Machinery

Other Pioneers

Alan KayObject oriented computing and window based graphical user interfaces in the 70's whilst at Xerox PARCThe best way to predict the future is to invent it!

Bill AtkinsonDeveloper of the Apple Hypercard systemHypermedia apps with a stack of cards, graphics
and simple scripting, first released in 1987

CERN birthplace of the Web

International research centre for high energy physics located near Geneva

Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Atlas detector

Probing conditions at earliest moments of the Universe

Tim Berners-Lee

Friend of a friend at Oxford, we first meet in '92

1980 Develops Enquire as a simple hypertext system whilst consulting for CERN

1989 Project proposal for World Wide Web

1994 Founds W3C to lead the Web to its full potential

Enquire

> ENQUIREEnquire V 1.1

Hello!Opening file (PSK-PCP)VAC-V1:ENQR...

PSB Vacuum Control System (concept) < O>--- ------ ------- ------

[ 1] described-by: Enquiry System An experimental system for which this is a test.

[ 2] includes: Vacuum History System Records and displays slow changes in pressure.

[ 3] includes: Vacuum equipment modules Perform all the hardware interface

[ 4] includes: Control and status applications programs Provide operator interaction from the consoles.

[ 5] described-by: Controle du System a Vide du Booster 11-2-80 Operational specification of the software

[ 6] includes: PSB Pump Surveillance System PCP 228 Allows rapid monitoring of pressure changes

[number ]

1990 WWW Architecture

The Web expands ...

1. TBL's Next Computer at CERN

2. PC from early '90's

3. MacbookPro

6. HTML5 in the Car (QNX)

5. Connected TV

4. Smart Phone (Nexus S)

What is the W3C?

International community where Members, a full-time staff and the public collaborate to develop Web standards

Led by Web inventor Tim Berners-Lee and CEO Jeff Jaffe

Hosted by MIT, ERCIM, Keio and Beihang

Community Groups open to all at no fee

Business Groups get more staff support

Technical Working GroupsDevelop specs into W3C Recommendations

Participants from W3C Members and invited experts

W3C Patent process for royalty free specifications

The Open Web Platform

The Open Web Platform

Advantages of the
Open Web Platform

HTML5 and the Open Web Platform as the obvious choice when you want to reach out to many devicesNon-proprietary open standards, that
can be implemented free of royalties

Huge pool of developers

Reduced learning curve, and lower costCompared to languages and SDKs for iOS, Android, Windows 8, ...

Avoid overheads associated with native app stores

New HTML for system applicationsTrusted apps with rich connection to the devicehttp://www.w3.org/2012/sysapps/

Rich access to
device capabilities

Mouse, touch and key press events

Location, motion, proximity and orientation

Microphone, camera and ambient light

Address book and calendar data

Battery status and vibration

Notifications

Network information

Others, e.g. NFC and secure elements

The Internet of Things

What is the Internet of Things?

Continuing advances in integrated circuits and networking technologies

This has made it practical to deploy a wide range of connected sensors and actuatorsSmart phones with a multiplicity of sensors

Sensors arrays designed for long battery life

RFID, NFC and bar codes for physical objects
with a virtual world presence

IoT research work focus on low level communication

But until now, little effort on easy app development

What makes the IoT interesting?

What are some of the use cases?Smart cities

Smart homes

Smart healthcare

Smart retail

What are some of the challenges?Security, privacy, scalability, open ecosystems

What are some of the things we can expect next?Open platforms, open markets and open standards

Which Sectors will benefit from the IoT and IoS?

From an unpublished survey in 2013 by Compose project

Which factors influence IoT solution purchasers?

Smart Cities

Collecting and exploiting information to make cities more efficient and better places to live and workTransportJourney planning (car, bus, tram, metro, train, walking, cycling)

Parking (directions to parking space, finding your car)

Smarter control over traffic lights

Smart utilities e.g. electricity, gas, and water

Finding out what's on and where (location based search) Shopping, entertainment, sports, ...

City planning based upon richer data

Smart City Expo
World Congress 2012

http://www.smartcityexpo.com/

Smart Homes

Lots of opportunities for the IoT in your homeSecurity and remote monitoring

Heating, lighting, and watering the plantsSaving you money on your utility bills

Based upon your habits, weather forecast, ...

Services that span your personal devicesEntertainment, journey planning, ...

Home healthcare (see smart healthcare)

Smart warranties for white goodsEnabling 3rd parties to monitor health of your devices

Proactive service appointments at your convenience

Smart Healthcare

As we live longer healthcare costs are rising unsustainably

Smart sensors and actuators will enable more people to be treated at home under the remote supervision of their local doctor

Offering better quality of life, better outcomes and reduced costs

But, we need to rise to the challenges of privacy and security

Smart Retail

Tags on products will enable more and better informationProvenance where was this made, and were the suppliers treated fairly?

Will I (or a member of my family) have an allergic reaction to
eating this food, and what recommendations are there for safe alternatives?

Help with planning my meals healthy recipes for those on a budget

I want to see independent reviews before purchase!

What other items of clothing would complement this one?

I want to see how I would look in a given combination of clothes

Tailor made clothing manufactured to fit me perfectly

What products do my friends (or the celebrities I follow) recommend?

Instant check out no more queuing at the busy sales tills

Third party services to help my manage my budget

Smart Meters

Enable people to learn to reduce their consumption, and lower the cost of their bills. If lots of people do this, we can reduce risk of power cuts from overloaded power grids, and help the environment!

Electricity meter Southern Electric (UK)

Gas meter British Gas

Open source hardware

For DIY projects

Publishing your sensor data

http://cosm.com/

Web of Things

Applying web technologies to reduce the
cost of implementing servicesRESTful HTTP, Web Sockets, etc. for communication

JavaScript APIs acting on local proxies

Overlay networking model to hide information that is
best dealt with at a lower level of abstraction

Rich descriptions and live context management

Distributed processing (in devices and in the cloud)Sticky policies for privacy and access control

Re-establishing control over your personal devices,
apps, services and dataPersonal Zones

EU FP7 Compose Project

Enabling open markets of services for the Internet of Things

http://www.compose-project.eu/

Scalable cloud based servicesCouchDB for JSON, and Sparql for linked data

Smart service objects in the cloud as proxies for sensors and actuatorsHiding details of communication with the devices
for optimization of battery and network

Services as compositions of smart objects and other servicesSome generating data, others presenting UI components
for embedding in web pages and apps

Biological metaphors with pipelined services for perception and actuation

APIs using RESTful HTTP or JavaScript proxy objectsJSON and JSON-LD for service descriptions

Suite of APIs for open markets of servicesRegistration, discovery, payments, updates, reviews and reputation management

Objects as Proxies for Services

hidden messaging layerscriptInternetObject

API

scriptObject

Scripts running within web run-time, or embedded agent or cloud, e.g. using node.js

Device

Device

API

Public / Private

scriptPrivate
Agent

NAT or Firewall

scriptPublic
Agent

scriptPublic
Agent

NAT or Firewall

scriptPrivate
Agent

Appliance, Phone or Laptop

Appliance, Phone or Laptop

Cloud server

Cloud server

Webinos Project

EU FP7 project to create a platform for apps spanning desktop, smart phones, tablets, connected TVs and cars

Trusted Web apps based upon a suite of APIs

Secure mutual authentication of devices

Webinos hub for 24x7 access from the Internet

Webinos as a basis for apps for the Internet of Things

Personal Zones

TVPhoneTabletLaptopHouseCarHubTVPhoneLaptopSecurityCarHub

Getting the most out of my devices

Inter zonepeer to peer
social apps

Internet

Personal apps
shared with others
and available 24x7

Webinos a pioneering non-proprietary
cross device Secure Web Platform

Multiscreen/multidevice apps

Home
HealthcareTrusted Applications with rich
access to device Capabilities

Lightinghttp://www.webinos.org/

Re-establishing control over your devices and personal data

Today companies provide services, but require centralization of personal data over which you have
little control, making it hard to switch companies

Personal Zones provide an architecture
for reclaiming control!

You decide what/when to share with 3rd parties

This facilitates intent based smart search!

Your data is managed within your zone,
by the services you install

This works well for IoT devices!

W3C Community Groups

W3C has created Community Groups so that developers, designers, and anyone passionate about the Web has a place to have discussions and publish documents.

A W3C Community Group is an open forum, without fees, where Web developers and other stakeholders develop specifications, hold discussions, develop test suites, and connect with W3C's international community of Web experts.

http://www.w3.org/community/

W3C Community Group
for the Web of Things

What is the Web of Things

Web technologies to facilitate the development of applications and services for the Internet of Things, i.e. physical objects and their virtual representation

This includes sensors and actuators, as well as physical objects tagged with a bar code or NFC

Some relevant Web technologies include HTTP for accessing RESTful services, and for naming objects as a basis for linked data and rich descriptions, and JavaScript APIs for virtual objects acting as proxies for real-world objects

Web of Things CG Aims

To accelerate the adoption of Web technologies as a basis for enabling services for the Internet of ThingsCollect use cases as a basis for requirements

Document architecture for the Web of Things

Review existing standards and their applicability

Identify gaps where new standards are needed

Help to create broader awareness

Engage with the developer community to share experiences

http://www.w3.org/community/wot/charter/

Web of Things CG

Goal: accelerate the adoption of Web technologies as a basis for enabling services for the Internet of ThingsCollect use cases as a basis for identifying requirements

Develop materials describing an architecture for the Web of Things

Review of existing standards and their applicability

Identify gaps where new standards would be appropriate

Develop proposals for new standards as needed

Identify opportunities for creating broader awareness of the Web of Things

Engage with the developer community to gather implementation experience

Help realise the potential of the Web of ThingsFree for everyone to join

http://www.w3.org/community/wot/

Any other questions?

Dave Raggett

Join W3C to help drive the Web to its full potential http://www.w3.org/