iot summit_2015 duncan mcdonald

Solid-Motion

Duncan McDonaldFounder Solid-Motion

3/6/2015

Architectural Approaches to Integrating Sensors in IOT

Solutions

2

Todays Discussion

• Standards Can Substantially Reduce Development Time and Cost for Mid-Market IoT Solutions

• Open source is best, but low cost or free “proprietary standards” are OK too

• Not considering high level messaging and communication protocols– DDS, JMS, MQTT, CoAP, XMPP, AMQP, REST, LwM2M,

etc.Solid-Motion IoT Summit 2015

Solid-Motion IoT Summit 2015 3

IoT ≠

Introduction

Remember, circa 2004 IoT was all about telemetry and control of manufactured goods and

distributed assets. IoT still evolving!


One More Time: What is IoT?

• All objects have an IP address

• In the context of current IoT solutions, the direction is to have an internet device with at least one smart sensor

• Typical architecture is a microcontroller for the sensor interface and a microprocessor for data processing and the internet interface


Three Cost Scenarios

*Everything else (mid-market)• Sensor/processor within one

order of magnitude• Automotive• Medical /Healthcare• Industrial• Scientific

Processor Cost

Sensor Cost

X Sensor cost << processor cost; consumer products

X Sensor cost >> processor cost; large system

X X X

X X

Sensor cost processor cost; everything else*

Cost breakdowns vary• Sensor cost• Processor cost (including

software)• Packaging cost (fixed)

Target for this discussion

6

Development Cost vs Manufacturing Cost

Lots of optimization and customization required for low cost manufacturing

Duncan’s LawDevelopm

ent Cost

Manufacturing Cost Manufacturing Volume

Developm

ent Cost

First Corollary Consumer

Large Systems

Everything else(mid-market)

Solid-Motion IoT Summit 2015


Standards Reduce Development Cost

• Standards Can Substantially Reduce Development Time and Cost for Mid-Market Solutions

• Standards are important for consumer products, but more about the ecosystem than about development cost


Typical HW Architecture

• Smart sensor– Sensor; could be detached sensor– Sensor memory

• Microcontroller– No operating system; “code on bare metal”

• Processor– Operating system– Radio– Cell phones, tablets, or laptops are good candidates

Microcontroller

Wired interface Wired or wirelessinterface

Processor

Wirelessinterface

Internet

Sensor

Memory

Sensor

Memory

9

Data and LayersRough analogy to OSI model

I’ll use this model

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

Data

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

Application

OSI Model

Data Layer

Data structures

Messages

Data

Packets

Frames

Bits

Connector

Application

Communication

Solid-Motion IoT Summit 2015


Microcontroller


Processor

Wirelessinterface

Internet

Sensor

Memory

Sensor

Memory

No connector standards!

Sensor Connectors

Packets

Frames

Bits

Connector


Microcontroller


Processor

Wirelessinterface

Internet

Sensor

Memory

Sensor

Memory

• 1-Wire (proprietary)• SPI

Memory Connection

Frames

Bits

Connector

Data structuresIEEE standard 1451.4 (TEDS) available for high-level sensor interface• Template based• Or XML


Microcontroller

Wired interface Wiredinterface

Processor

Wirelessinterface

Internet

Sensor

Memory

Sensor

Memory

USB

USB Class

Microcontroller to Processor (M2P)Wired - USB

Data structures

Messages

Data

Packets

Frames

Bits


USB & USB Classes

• Insanely wide platform support – no additional hw required

• If you can use a USB Class that has wide OS support, you won’t have to write a driver.

– HID, mass storage, image, audio, video, etc.

– Personal Healthcare not natively supported yet

• Big time/cost savings!

• No open source USB.org compliant software stack


Microcontroller

Processor

Wirelessinterface

Internet

Sensor

Memory

Sensor

Memory

Microcontroller to Processor (M2P)Wireless - Zigbee

Data structures

Messages

Data

Packets

Frames

Bits

Application

Zigbee Pro/IP (proprietary)

Zigbee/Xbee (proprietary)

IEEE 802.15.4

Zigbeereceiver

Wirelessinterface


6LoWPAN

Data structures

Messages

Data

Packets

Frames

Bits

Application

IEEE 802.15.4

Microcontroller to Processor (M2P)Wireless – 6LoWPAN

IPv6

TCP/IPHas anyone implemented

6LoWPAN without using an OS?

Microcontroller

Processor

Wirelessinterface

Internet

Sensor

Memory

Sensor

Memory

Wirelessinterface


Microcontroller

Processor

Wirelessinterface

Internet

Sensor

Memory

Sensor

Memory

Data structures

Messages

Data

Packets

Frames

Bits

Application

Microcontroller to Processor (M2P)Wireless – BlueTooth Smart (BLE)

Wirelessinterface

Bluetooth Smart profiles

Blue Tooth Smart


BlueTooth Smart

• Wide platform support – no additional hw required

• Wide OS support – no driver needed for basic BT• Big cost/time savings!• Not nearly as many profiles (classes) natively

supported as USB• BlueTooth health device profile (HDP) natively

supported on Android


Summary

• Few issues up to the M2P link– No connector standards for detached sensors– Smart sensor memory description

• Templates very limited, no reference implementation• XML rarely used

• Have two very well supported M2P links for mid-market IoT USB (wired) BlueTooth Smart (wireless) (Zigbee/Xbee requires additional hw to support M2P link)

• Still have bottlenecks though– OS support of existing classes/device profiles limited– More classes/profiles needed


The Goal is to support many IoT SolutionsA lot more Classes and Profiles are needed

• Environmental monitoring• Infrastructure management• Manufacturing• Energy management• Medical and healthcare systems• Building automation• Transportation


Thank You!

Comments, questions, complaints, corrections

[email protected]


Back-up


USB Class Support in Win 7

USB-IF class code Device setup class

Windows 7 support

Audio Media

Communications and CDC Control

Modem

Net -

HID (Human Interface Device)

HIDClass

Physical - -

Image Image

Printer USB

Mass Storage USB

SCSIAdapter -

Hub USB

USB-IF class code Device setup class

Windows 7 support

CDC-Data - -

Smart Card SmartCardReader

Content Security - -

Video Image -

Personal Healthcare - -

Audio/Video Devices - -

Diagnostic Device - -

Wireless Bluetooth

Miscellaneous

Application Specific - -

Vendor Specific - -


BLE Profile Support in AndroidProfile Android Support

A2DP Advanced Audio Distribution profile

EXTRA_PREVIOUS_STATE Extra for the connection state intents of the individual profiles

EXTRA_STATE Extra for the connection state intents of the individual profiles

GATT Generic Attribute Profile

HEADSET Headset and Handsfree profile

HEALTH Health Profile

List of Profiles supported by the standard is quite large

iot summit_2015 duncan mcdonald

Engineering

cost breakdowns

cost scenarios

development cost standards

iot introduction

xml solidmotion

data processing

connector standards

midmarket solutions