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Iowa's Trees

Iowa Association of Naturalists

Iowa's Plants

1Iowa's Trees

The Iowa Association of Naturalists (IAN) is a nonprofitorganization of people interested in promoting the development ofskills and education within the art of interpreting the natural andcultural environment. IAN was founded in 1978 and may be contactedby writing the Conservation Education Center, RR 1, Box 53, GuthrieCenter, IA 50115.

Editorial BoardText: Dawn M. SnyderIllustrations: Mark MüllerLayout and Design: MJC Associates, Ankeny, IowaPublished by: Iowa Association of Naturalists

Iowa Association of Naturalists

Iowa's Plants Booklet Series

Plants are a beautiful and important part of nature in Iowa. To assist educators inteaching their students about the common plants of Iowa, the Iowa Association of Naturalistshas created a series of booklets which offer a basic, understandable overview of Iowa's plants,their ecology, and their benefits and dangers to people. The seven booklets in this seriesinclude:

Iowa's Spring Wildflowers (IAN-301)Iowa's Summer and Fall Wildflowers (IAN-302)Benefits and Dangers of Iowa Plants (IAN-303)Iowa's Trees (IAN-304)Seeds, Nuts, and Fruits of Iowa Plants (IAN-305)Iowa's Mushrooms and Nonflowering Plants (IAN-306)Iowa's Shrubs and Vines (IAN-307)

For ordering information about these and other IAN publications, please see the backcover of this booklet.

Resource EnhancementAnd Protection

Education Board

Review CommitteeCele Burnett, Environmental Education Coordinator, Story County Conservation Board

Dan Cohen, Naturalist, Buchanan County Conservation BoardJean Eells, Environmental Education Coordinator, Hamilton County Conservation Board

Judy Levings, State 4-H Youth Development Specialist, Iowa State UniversityStacey Snyder Newbrough, Freelance Naturalist and Librarian, Pocahontas, IA

Jim Pease, Extension Wildlife Specialist, Iowa State UniversityDiane Pixler, Naturalist, Marshall County Conservation Board

The Iowa Plants booklet series ispublished by the Iowa Association ofNaturalists with grants from the REAPConservation Education Board and theIowa Conservation Education Council(ICEC), 1994.

2 Iowa Association of Naturalists

Iowa's Trees

Bark

Heartwood

Bark

Phloem

LatewoodEarlywood

Vascular cambium

Phloem

Cork cambium

Sapwood

Xylem

How would you describe a tree? Trees are woodyplants which, at maturity, are more that 20 feet talland have a single trunk. Trees have undergroundwoody roots, trunks, and branches that providephysical support to allow them to grow tall. MostIowa trees grow at least 25 feet tall and have a stemor trunk that is at least three to four inches in diam-eter.

The trunk of a tree gives the tree its support andits shape. The trunk also contains a network of cellsthat carries water and food throughout the tree.Several basic layers of cells make up a tree. Thebark is the outer layer of the trunk and branchesthat protects the tree from injury and disease. Dif-ferent tree species have different types of bark tex-

tures and colors. Phloem, called the“inner bark,” is just inside the bark

of the trunk. This thin layer ofcells transports sugars and

other compounds pro-duced by the leaves tothe rest of the tree.

The living portion ofthe xylem is thesapwood. Thesecells are the newestlayers of woodytissue. The sapwoodcells serve as apipeline that carrieswater and mineralsfrom the roots toother parts of thetree. The cambiumis another very thinlayer of cells locatedbetween the phloemand the xylem. Thislayer of cells isresponsible for thediameter growth ofthe tree. It divides

Parts of a Tree

What Is a Tree?

3Iowa's Trees

on the outside to produce phloem cells and on theinside to produce xylem cells.

Heartwood is the inner part of the tree. It is oldxylem that no longer transports water and is consid-ered “dead” wood. Often, heartwood is darker incolor than the sapwood. Most of the time, it givesthe tree support, but in some trees the heartwoodmay rot, leaving a hollow living tree.

In Iowa, the yearly cycle of growth begins withthe roots. A seedling’s first roots grow straightdown. Its lateral roots spread out from the base ofthe tree and form a crisscross pattern that holds thetree in the ground. As the soil warms in the spring,the roots grow millions of new root hairs whichbegin absorbing water and nutrients from the soil.Each root tip has a root cap or zone of growth thatprotects the root as it pushes forward.

Cambium cells present in the roots divide, andthe roots get wider. Cells forming the outside of thecambium become phloem cells and old phloem cellsform new bark. Cells forming to the inside of thecambium form the xylem or wood of the tree.Growth in the root tips makes the roots longer andable to spread out in search of more water andnutrients.

Lateral roots

Root hairs

Root tip

Root cap

Xylem and Phloem

Roots and How They Grow


Trees need oxygen in order to break down sugarsand release energy. Cells in the leaves, trunk,branches, and twigs absorb oxygen from the air; theroots absorb oxygen from the soil. Carbon dioxidefrom the atmosphere is used by green plants to makefood through a chemical process called photosyn-thesis.

During photosynthesis, energy from the sun iscaptured by green plants to manufacture food, andoxygen is released. Photosynthesis mostly occurs inthe tree’s leaves where carbon dioxide, water, andsunlight, in the presence of the tree's chlorophyll,are used to make sugar. In the process, oxygen isreleased into the atmosphere. For the tree to breakdown those sugars, a process called respirationmust occur. Energy is released during respiration asoxygen is removed from the air and sugar is con-sumed.

H O2

O2

CO2

O2

O2

O2

O2

Sunlight

Trees and the Oxygen Cycle

5Iowa's Trees

Water and nutrients are absorbed through theroots and transported up the trunk to the branchesby cells in the sapwood. As water moves through atree, most of the water is lost to the air by a processcalled transpiration. Tiny pores called stomata onthe leaf surfaces open and allow carbon dioxide inand oxygen out of the leaf. When the pores open,water escapes from the tree. During transpiration,water loss “pulls” water and nutrients up from theroots.

Special cells in the phloem transport the dis-solved sugars and nutrients from the leaves to allparts of the tree. This sticky liquid is called “sap.”

H O2 and Nutrients

Transpiration

Veins in leaf

xylemand

phloem

xylem andphloem exposed

Vascular bundle

Transportation of Water and

Nutrients


As trees grow, they produce layers of cells thatallow them to grow upward and outward. During thegrowing season, the cambium makes new cells thatbecome part of the phloem, xylem, or more cambium.Early in the growing season, the cambium produceslight-colored, thin-walled cells called earlywood. Asgrowing slows later in the summer, a darker band of

thick-walled cells called latewood is produced. Thetwo layers form a tree ring or annual growth ring.You can determine the age of the tree by countingonly the dark or only the light concentric lines fromthe center of the tree to the outer edge. In temperateand northern climates, one growth ring is usuallyformed each year.

Forming Tree Rings

Phloem

CambiumBark

1 year's growth

Earlywood

Latewood

Sapwood Heartwood

Earlywood

Latewood

Sapwood

Bark

PhloemCambium

7Iowa's Trees

Trees must produce and disperse seeds in orderto survive as a species. Tree seeds come in a widevariety of shapes and sizes, each possessing specialcharacteristics to aid in seed dispersal and survival.Tree seeds may be in the form of berries, nuts, orfruits. They may be transported by water, air, oranimals.

For example, cottonwoods produce seed pods thatburst open, spilling thousands of white cottony seedsthat float through the air to a new location. Mapleshave a winged seed or “helicopter” that spirals to theground or is carried by the wind, and oaks produceacorns that fall from the trees and may find a sunnyspot to sprout. Many acorns are also transported bywildlife such as squirrels, blue jays, and turkeys tobe stored as a food source. Many times, the acornsare not eaten and sprout to become the next genera-tion of oak trees.

Autumn leaf colors attract thousands of specta-tors each year, especially in the northeastern cornerof Iowa. Leaves turn color in the fall due to chemicalchanges in the leaf tissues. These changes areinitiated by a decrease in the length of sunlight. Thebest colors occur when conditions are clear, dry, andcool but without frost.

Leaf color comes from four kinds of pigments:chlorophyll (green), carotenes (oranges and yellows),

Seed Dispersal

Fall Foliage


anthocyanins (red and purple), and tannins (brown).Pigments are present in the leaf all the time, but theyare masked by green chlorophyll during the growingseason. As the leaf dies, it stops producing chloro-phyll and the other pigments show their colors.

A forest community is made up of several layersof life, including plants and animals. The forestfloor—the ground floor of the apartment building—includes mosses, ferns, wildflowers, tree seedlings,and other low-growing plants that make up the herblayer. Hollow logs, leaf litter, fungi, and molds con-tribute to the forest floor. Moles, deer mice, bob-white quail, numerous ground beetles, and larvae aresome “tenants” of this layer.

Above the forest floor lies the shrub layer.Shrubs are smaller than trees, but have woodystems. Shrubs such as prickly ash, dogwood, andsumac, and vines such as poison ivy, grape, andbittersweet, make up this layer of the forest, whichusually abounds with songbirds such as vireos andcatbirds.

A Forest as an Apartment

Building

9Iowa's Trees

Trees make up the understory and canopylayers. The understory layer grows in the shadebeneath the tallest trees. This layer consists of smallshade-tolerant trees. The largest mature trees areconsidered part of the canopy layer which grows infull sunlight. It is the top floor of the forest whichincludes inhabitants such as bats, fox squirrels,orioles, and warblers.

Canopy

Understory

Shrub and Vine Layer

Floor

Basement


Where a certain tree species grows depends on anumber of environmental factors, including topogra-phy, soil, temperature, moisture, and exposure.

Upland woodlands are found on areas abovestream bottoms or flood plains. In Iowa, oaks andhickories typically dominate drier upland woodlands,mixed with white ash, basswood, and walnut trees.Understory species in upland communities includesugar maple, ironwood, and saplings of larger canopytrees. Another upland woodland community existson more moist, well-drained soils with north- andeast-facing slopes. This community is dominated byoak, sugar maple, and basswood trees.

Bottomland or lowland forests occur on flood-plains and low-lying terraces in stream valleys.Typically, a lowland forest contains lush growths ofcottonwood, silver maple, and green ash trees. Wil-lows are usually found on the wetter bottomlandareas.

Communities of Trees

White Oak

ShagbarkHickory American

Basswood SugarMaple

SilverMaple

EasternCottonwood

BlackWillow

UPLANDFOREST

LOWLANDFOREST

Stream or River

11Iowa's Trees

Iowa’s trees come in all shapes and sizes—frommajestic oaks to dense cedars, from graceful elms tospreading willows. A brief description of Iowa’s mostcommon trees follows. For more detailed informa-tion, consult additional resources listed later in thispublication.

Pines are evergreen trees that produce cones andare called conifers. Pines are only one group of

conifers; the others include cedars, firs, andspruces. Typically, species of conifers canbe grouped by similar characteristics, espe-cially based on type and arrangement ofleaves. These characteristics includeclumped needles, scaly leaves, flat needles,and square needles. Conifers in Iowa existtoday in many habitats, but, historically,only five species of conifers were present inIowa. These were white pine, balsam fir,eastern red cedar, common juniper, andCanada yew.

Pines haveleaves that aregrouped together inbundles. Dependingon the tree species,bundles may containtwo, three, or five leavesor needles per bundle.The white pine (Pinus strobus) has needles inbundles of five that are very slender, soft, and flex-ible. White pine is the only pine native to Iowa.Many introduced species, such as Austrian pine andScotch pine, are commonly planted as windbreaksand ornamentals.

Iowa Tree Families

Conifer Trees

Clumped Needles: The Pines

(Genus Pinus)

White Pine

Conifer needles and leaves


Scaly Leaves: The Cedars

Flat Needles: The Firs

(Genus Abies)

Red Cedar

Square Needles: The Spruces

(Genus Picea)

White Spruce

The leaves of eastern red cedar may be scalelikeor awl-like or may have both types of leaves on the

same tree. It has an evergreen foliage witha dark green, blue-green, or reddish cast.It grows in a variety of habitats, fromrocky cliffs to eroded land to poor gravellysoils. The fruit is a small berrylike conethat is blue and round. This juniper isnative throughout Iowa. The northernwhite cedar (Thuja occidentalis) is oftenused for cemetery and windbreakplantings. It is not native to Iowa andhas flattened scales.

Firs are tall, pyramid-shaped evergreens with flatone- to two-inch needles with blunt ends. Firs makepopular Christmas trees because they tend not tolose their needles as readily as other conifer species.Fir cones are rarely found intact; the scales tend tofall off before the cones fall to the ground. The bal-sam fir has a very pleasant fragrance that makes itpopular for Christmas trees. It is native to north-eastern Iowa, where it is rare and grows on steep,sheltered slopes.

Spruces are popular in windbreaks. These ever-greens have pointed needles and branches that droplow to the ground. Many spruces, such as whitespruce (Picea glauca) and Colorado blue spruce, arenot native to Iowa but are widely planted throughoutthe state as windbreaks and ornamental trees.

13Iowa's Trees

Human and Wildlife Uses of

Conifers

Deciduous Trees

Conifers are often planted because they makeexcellent windbreaks and noise buffers. Many peoplealso plant “farms” of conifers to be sold as Christmastrees. From a lumber standpoint, conifers are usedfor pulp, posts, poles, railroad ties, and housingfinishes. They provide excellent nesting habitats andwinter shelter for wildlife, while cedar berries andother seeds are eaten by a variety of wildlife.

Deciduous trees are trees that lose all of theirleaves each year. In temperate regions such as Iowa,deciduous trees lose their leaves in the fall. We canclassify deciduous trees in many ways, includingfruit types.

Known as Iowa’s state tree, oaks are the maincanopy tree species in the state. Most oaks havelobed leaves with either rounded or pointed edges.The wood is hard and strong and is used extensivelyfor furniture, flooring, veneer, railroad ties, andbarrels. Acorns are the fruits of oaks and valuedfood for wildlife including turkeys, squirrels, chip-munks, blue jays, and many other birds and mam-mals. Oaks also provide homes and nesting cover forwildlife.

Trees that Pro-duce a Nut

Oaks (Genus Quercus)

White Oak

Burr Oak


Red Oak

Horsechestnuts

(Genus Aesculus)

Ohio Buckeye

Two main groups comprise our nativeoaks: white oaks and red oaks. Whiteoaks have leaves with rounded lobes andacorns that mature in one growing season.The light brown wood is watertight and isoften used for making barrels to hold liq-uids. Native white oaks include white oak(Quercus alba) and burr oak (Quercusmacrocarpa). The burr oak’s acorn is theonly one in Iowa with a fringe of bristlesaround the acorn’s cap.

Red oaks have short bristles or points atthe end of each leaf lobe. Red oak acorns re-

quire two growing seasons to mature, and the woodis generally pinkish to reddish brown. Common redoaks include red oak (Quercus rubra), pin oak, andblack oak.

The horsechestnut family consists of trees withopposite palmately-compound leaves. Horsechestnutsgrow fairly quickly, and their fruits are important foodfor wildlife. These trees are commonly grown forornamental plantings. The wood is lightweight and is

used to make artificial limbs.The Ohio buckeye(Aesculus glabra) has a fruitthat is a large nutlike seedwith smooth, shiny, darkbrown coat and a leath-ery, spiny covering. Thebuckeye grows natu-rally in wooded rivervalleys across most ofsouth and central Iowa.

15Iowa's Trees

The walnut family includes walnut, hickory,butternut, and pecan trees. Members of this grouphave compound leaves and fruits with a hard nutand a green, semi-fleshy covering that turns blackwith age. Because of their sweet, oily nature, thenuts are an important food for wildlife and humans.The heartwood of walnut trees is used for gunstocks,

furniture, and cabinets.Hickory wood is importantfor making handles ofhammers, axes, andother tools because of itshard nature. It is alsoused for charcoal andmeat-smoking. Speciesin this family includeblack walnut (Juglansnigra), butternut(Juglans cinerea), shag-bark hickory (Caryaovata), bitternut hickory(Carya cordiformis), andpecan (Carya illoensis).

Walnuts and Hickories

(Genus Juglans and

Genus Carya)

Black Walnut

Shagbark Hickory


Trees that ProduceSoft Fruits

The red mulberry (Morus rubra) is a very com-mon tree of floodplains and fencerows. Its berrylikefruit is a favorite food of birds and other wildlife. Asthey feed on the fruits, animals spread mulberryseeds. Mulberry leaves are variable in size andshape with toothed margins and heart-shaped bases.Its wood is used locally for fenceposts, but it isn’texported commercially. White mulberry is an intro-duced species found throughout the state.

Trees in the rose family have fruits that may beapplelike, plumlike, or cherrylike. With the excep-

tion of black cherry, these trees are usuallyshort and shrubby (less than 30 feet tall)and grow in open woods, fencerows, andpastures. Trees in this family may also havethorns or prickles on their branches. Manyspecies are found in dense thickets andthus are important cover for wildlife spe-cies. Humans and wildlife relish the fruits

Mulberries (Genus Morus)

RedMulberry

PrairieCrab

Rose Family

AmericanPlum

17Iowa's Trees

of many of these trees. Examples of trees in thisfamily include the prairie crab (Pyrus ioensis),American plum (Prunus americana), hawthorns(Crataegus), black cherry (Prunus serotina),chokecherry (Prunus virginiana), mountain ash(Sorbus americana), and serviceberry(Amelanchier arborea).

Most people think of white and peeling bark whenthey think of birch trees. However, many membersof this family have smooth bark. The leaves aresimple with toothed edges. This family includes thehornbeams and birches. The fruits are eaten bywildlife year round, as they persist during wintermonths. The male flowers, called catkins, are alsoan important winter food for some wildlife. Woodfrom the hornbeams is very strong and was usedhistorically for mallets, tool handles, levers, andwheels; birch wood is soft and is used for paper andpulp. Typical species in this group include riverbirch (Betula nigra), paper birch (Betula papyrifera),yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis), hornbeam(Carpinus caroliniana), and ironwood or hop horn-beam (Ostrya virginiana).

BlackCherry

Birches

Ironwood

River Birch

Other TreesProduced by Seeds


The elm family consists of elms and hackberries.Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) is best identified byits rough, warty bark and toothed leaves with un-equal bases. Hackberries resist wind damage anddrought, and people are encouraged to plant them asstreet and shade trees. Its fruit is a dark purple seedthat persists on twigs into the winter, making it auseful winter food for songbirds. Its wood is used forfurniture, sporting goods, and plywood veneer.

The tall, graceful American elm (Ulmusamericana) was once the most popular street andyard tree in America. Its demise was due to thespread of Dutch elm disease, caused by an intro-duced fungus. Today, large American elm trees arerare. American elms are fast-growing, adaptabletrees that develop a vase-shaped crown. The leaveshave unequal bases and toothed edges. Elms pro-duce a one-seeded winged fruit called a samara. Thewood is white, hard, heavy, and strong and was onceused for veneer, boxes, and furniture. Another elm,the slippery elm (Ulmus rubra), is also native toIowa, and its wood has similar uses.

Members of the locust or legume family havecompound leaves and fruits that are pods. A com-mon example is the honey locust (Gleditsiatriacanthos). Typically, honey locusts bear thorns ontheir branches or trunk, but cultivated varieties have

been produced without thorns.Locust trees are now popular

shade trees. The wood ofthis species is hard anddurable and used for fenceposts, railroad ties, furni-ture, and fuel. The fruitsare eaten by wildlife and,historically, by humans.Another native legume isthe Kentucky coffee tree(Gymnocladus dioicus).

Elms

Honey Locust

Locusts

19Iowa's Trees

Maples are very popular and easily recognizedshade trees, probably best known as a source ofmaple syrup. Most maples have simple leaves,palmately lobed and opposite in arrangement. How-ever, the box elder is a maple tree that has a com-pound leaf, resembling the ashes. The trees are alsoknown for their winged samara or “helicopter” fruits.

Maples that grow fast have weak limbs and softwood and are known as soft maples. Examples ofsoft maples include box elder (Acer negundo) and

silver maple (Acer saccharinum).Silver maple trees grow very tall (60to 100 feet) and are very popularshade trees. However, the woodis weak and limbs often breakduring ice and wind storms.This soft wood also makesthem valuable for wildlifedens.

Black maple andsugar maple are twospecies of hard maples.Compared to softmaples, they growmuch more slowly andhave a harder, heavierwood that is more valu-able. Hard maples are

important as shade treesand produce beautiful orange,

red, and yellow colors in the fall.

Ash trees are common shade trees because theygrow rapidly, thrive in a variety of soils, and areeasily transplanted. The leaves are compound with

toothed edges. The fruits are paddle-shaped andare dispersed by the wind. Ash wood is very

hard and is used for sporting goods such asbaseball bats, oars, paddles, snowshoes, and

hockey sticks. Examples include the green ash(Fraxinus pennsylvanica) and white ash.

Maples (Genus Acer)

Box Elder

Silver Maple

Ashes (Genus Fraxinus)

Green Ash


Most Iowans identify willow trees with the weep-ing willow, a popular cultivated shade tree. However,weeping willows are not found natively in the state.Iowa does have several representatives of the willowfamily, which typically grow along wetlands andwaterways. These examples include black willow(Salix nigra) and sandbar willow. Willows have

small fluffy seeds that are dispersed by windand are attached to tiny, long, silky hairs.Black willow wood is used for artificial limbs,

paper pulp, and furniture. Fish often bask inthe shade willows provide along streams. Willow

roots stabilize stream banks of Iowa’s deep soils.

Poplars are closely related to willows and areusually found in moist areas. The fluffy cottonyseeds drift through the air and colonize new loca-tions rapidly. Poplars are very fast-growing, andsome species can reach heights of 100 feet. Theleaves have thin, flattened stems that allow them toshake in the slightest breeze. Poplars have light, softwood used for paper pulp, pallets, boxes, and veneer.Native species in Iowa include eastern cottonwood

(Populus deltoides), bigtooth aspen (Populusgrandidentata), and quaking aspen. White

poplar is a poor shade tree and is non-native.All poplars are popular food for beavers andare frequently found in beaver dens andfood caches. Poplars are also used bywinter browsers like rabbits and deer.

Willows (Genus Salix)

Black Willow

Poplars (Genus Populus)

EasternCottonwood

Bigtooth Aspen

21Iowa's Trees

Basswood, or linden, grows quickly and oftenproduces sprouts from the bases of their trunks,forming characteristic sucker shoots. Young treeshave silvery smooth bark. The leaves are large andheart-shaped with toothed margins. Fruits are dryround seeds that dangle from a leaflike bract. Theirfragrant flowers are favorites for honeybees, andbasswood heartwood decays easily, making a hollowspace for wildlife homes. The wood doesn’t imparttaste or odor to food, so it is commonly used forhoneycomb frames, boxes, crates, and toothpicks.

The list for tree uses is seemingly endless. Treesprovide lumber, paper products, resins, fruits, nuts,rubber, coffee, chocolate, fuel, cork, tannin, medi-cines, and adhesives, just to name a few. Trees are arenewable resource that keep giving and giving, aslong as we manage them wisely.

Basswoods (Genus Tilis)

Use of Tree Products


It is hard to imagine a world without trees. Theirroots help reduce soil erosion by anchoring trees intothe ground and holding soil in place. Trees act asbuffers between streams and cropfields to reduce soilrunoff and bank erosion. Their leaves deflect heavyrains, allowing the water to percolate slowly into thesoil.

Trees provide valuable shelter for wildlife. Farm-stead windbreaks and shade trees protect homes,buildings, and livestock from icy winter winds andsummer sun. Well-managed woodlots can be asource of fuel and other products. Urban treesbeautify streets, homes, and parks. They also pro-duce oxygen, clean the air, reduce noise, lower sum-mer temperatures, protect from winter winds, attractsongbirds, and create natural elements in the city.

How Trees Benefit the

Environment

"Forest and Shade Trees of Iowa," Peter Van der Linden and Donald Farrar, Iowa StateUniversity Press, Ames, IA, 1984.

"Identification of Conifer Trees in Iowa," Paul H. Wray, Iowa State University Extension,Ames, IA, 1993.

"Identification of Hardwood Trees in Iowa," Paul H. Wray, Iowa State University Extension,Ames, IA, 1993.

"Iowa Supplement to Project Learning Tree," Iowa Department of Natural Resources, DesMoines, IA, 1993.

"North American Trees," Richard Preston, Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA, 1976.

"NatureScope—Trees are Terrific," National Wildlife Federation, Washington, D.C., 1988.

"Tree, Eye Witness Books," Alfred A. Knopf, New York, NY, 1988.

"Tree Growth," Amy Kuehl, Iowa State University Forestry Extension Notes, Ames, IA,1993.

"Trees, A Golden Guide," Herbert S. Zim and Alexander C. Martin, Golden Press, NewYork, NY, 1987.

"Tree Project Handbook," Trees Forever, Marion, IA, 1991.

"Trees for Kids," Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines, IA, 1992.

Useful Resources

23Iowa's Trees

Notes


Notes

Iowa's Trees is one in a series of seven booklets that are part of the Iowa Plants Series. The booklets in theseries include:

Iowa PlantsIowa's Spring Wildflowers (IAN-301)Iowa's Summer and Fall Wildflowers (IAN-302)Benefits and Dangers of Iowa Plants (IAN-303)Iowa's Trees (IAN-304)Seeds, Nuts, and Fruits of Iowa Plants (IAN-305)Iowa's Mushrooms and Other Nonflowering Plants (IAN-306)Iowa's Shrubs and Vines (IAN-307)

The Iowa Association of Naturalists also has produced five other booklet series that provide readerswith a clear, understandable overview of topics concerning the Iowa environment and conservation. Thebooklets included in each of the other five series are listed below.

Iowa Physical Environment SeriesIowa Weather (IAN-701)Iowa Geology and Fossils (IAN-702)Iowa Soils (IAN-703)

Iowa Wildlife SeriesIowa Mammals (IAN-601)Iowa Winter Birds (IAN-602)Iowa Nesting Birds (IAN-603)Iowa Reptiles and Amphibians (IAN-604)Iowa Fish (IAN-605)Iowa Insects and Other Invertebrates (IAN-606)

Iowa's Natural Resource HeritageChanging Land Use and Values (IAN-501)Famous Iowa Conservationists (IAN-502)Iowa's Environmental Laws (IAN-503)Conservation Careers in Iowa (IAN-504)

Iowa Wildlife and PeopleIowa Wildlife and Management (IAN-401)Keeping Iowa Wildlife Wild (IAN-402)Misconceptions About Iowa Wildlife (IAN-403)State Symbols of Iowa (IAN-404)Iowa Food Webs and Other Interrelationships (IAN-405)Natural Cycles in Iowa (IAN-406)Iowa Biodiversity (IAN-407)Adapting to Iowa (IAN-408)

Iowa's Biological CommunitiesIowa's Biological Communities (IAN-201)Iowa Woodlands (IAN-202)Iowa Prairies (IAN-203)Iowa Wetlands (IAN-204)Iowa Waterways (IAN-205)

Iowa Environmental IssuesIowa Habitat Loss and Disappearing Wildlife (IAN-101)Iowa Air Pollution (IAN-102)Iowa Water Pollution (IAN-103)Iowa Agricultural Practices and the Environment (IAN-104)People, Communities, and Their Iowa Environment (IAN-105)Energy In Iowa (IAN-106)Iowa Waste Management (IAN-107)

Booklets may be ordered through the Iowa StateUniversity Extension Service at acost of $1.00 per booklet. Whenordering, be sure to use the IANnumber to the right of each listedbooklet title. Please send writtenorders and payment to:

ISU Extension ServicePrinting and Publications BuildingIowa State UniversityAmes, IA 50011515-294-5247

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