ip 101 tcp/ip basic’s class #1 - mid-state consultants,...

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 1

IP 101TCP/IP Basic’sClass #1

Ryan Lynch, SE

Cisco Systems, CCIE#20046 (R&S, SP)

[email protected]

V1.2.0

With special guest speaker...The Catalyst


The Data Encapsulation Process*

L5-7

L4

L3

L2

L1


How the OSI Model works


Cisco NGN Architecture

EdgeNode

EdgeNode

IPoDWDM Optical Network

Aggregation Node

Aggregation NetworkMPLS/IP

Carrier Ethernet AggregationAccess Edge

Aggregation Node

Aggregation Node

Ethernet Node

STB

VoD

Content Network

TV SIP

PON Node

DSLNode

Core Nodes

VoD

Content Network

TV SIP

Multiservice Core

Core NetworkIP / MPLS Distribution

Node

Corporate

Business

Corporate

Business

Residential

STB

Residential

Aggregation Node

Distribution Node

Mobile

2G/3G/4G NodeRAN Access Network

MPLS/IP

Corporate

Business

BSC/RNC

BSC/RNC


Housekeeping


Housekeeping� 10 Classes total to be presented

� Presented via WebEx every Friday beginning June 29th, 2012

� Time for each class is:

– 7am HST

– 10am PST

– 11am MST

– 12pm CST

– 1pm EST

� Class is FREE, but by invite/registration only

� Please arrive early so we may begin on time (5 min early)

� Each class will be between 2 to 3 hours *

� Each class will end with Q&A on any of the covered material or applicable real-life questions

� Each session will be recorded


Housekeeping (cont*)

� Recommended reading (NOT required)

Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 (640-822)

http://www.ciscopress.com/bookstore/product.asp?isbn=1587054620

Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 2 (640-816)

http://www.ciscopress.com/bookstore/product.asp?isbn=1587054639

� Class Structure

– Please connect at least 5min prior to start time

– Use chat for questions (NOT Q&A)

– Class will consist of lecture, and later classes will have live demonstration

– Q&A about any of the material covered

– Weekly class feedback forms to be completed right away

– E-mail/SPAM concerns


Class Agenda


Hmmm....What is this?


FundamentalKnowledge

DeeperUnderstanding

AdvancedExperience

Mastery


Oops....didn’t see that coming!

*ring* *ring*

“Hey, is the Network down?”


Is this a good foundation to build your career on?


...and form a solid Foundation of Knowledge in which build on.

We are going to focus on the basic’s of networking...


Class 1 – June 29th

� Introduction to the class

� Agenda for the entire program

� Overview of the CCNA Program and Certification process

� Navigating cisco.com and getting help

� Defining terms

• Binary addressing/Hex, units of measure, speed/bandwidth

� Introduction to TCP/IP

• The OSI model

• TCP/IPv4 overview and the fundamentals of networking

• Introduction to IPv6

� Dynamips, and Lab Gear for practice

� Q&A


Class 2 July 6th

� Layer 1

� - Cover the various physical media, copper, fiber, cable, DSL

� DWDM 101

� Wi-Fi Fundamentals (tentative)

� DOCSIS Fundamentals (tentative)

� Foundations of the Media Access Layer• collision domains

• broadcast domains

• duplexing

• layer 2 addressing

• switching architecture

• CDMA/CD and CDMA/CA

� Hubs, Bridges, Switches

� VLAN basics

� 802.1q Trunking

� Basic switch configuration and troubleshooting (lab demo's)

� Q&A

Part 1

Part 2

Part 3


Class 3 July 13th

� IP Addressing and Subnetting• VLSM and CIDR

• IP Assignment

� ARP

� Data Encapsulation Review

� IP Routing Basic's

� Static and Connected Routes (with demo’s)

� Basic Router Configuration

� Q&A


Class 4 July 20th

� WAN Overview• PPP and HDLC

• Frame-Relay

• ATM

� MTU

� TCP/IP Protocols (application Layer)

� TCP/IP Connection Establishment

� QoS Overview (brief)

� Common TCP/IP Applications

� Q&A


Class 5 July 27th

� VLAN and 8021.q Trunking Review

� Spanning Tree (STP) (with demo’s)• STP root bridge election

• PVST, RSTP, MSTP

• STP Concerns

� Q&A


Class 6 August 3rd

� Routing Theory

� IP Routing Basic's Review

� Dynamic Routing (with demo’s)• RIP

• EIGRP

� Basic Troubleshooting

� Q&A


Class 7 August 10th

� More Dynamic routing• OSPF

• ISIS

� Basic Troubleshooting

� BGP overview (brief)

� Q&A


Class 8 August 17th

� IP Access Control lists

� NAT

� Network Security Overview

� Datacenter Fundamentals

� Q&A


Class 9 August 24th

� VPN

� MPLS overview (brief)

� Other Layer 2 protocols

� L2 vs L3

� Q&A


Class 10 August 31st

� Network Design Fundamentals

� Troubleshooting

� Maintaining a Network (Best Practices)• Getting help from TAC


Class 1


Class 1 – June 29th

� Introduction to the class

� Agenda for the entire program

� Overview of the CCNA Program and Certification process

� Navigating cisco.com and getting help

� Defining terms

• Binary addressing/Hex

� Introduction to TCP/IP

• The OSI model

• TCP/IPv4 overview and the fundamentals of networking

• Introduction to IPv6

� Dynamips, and Lab Gear for practice

� Q&A


CCNA Overview


The journey to certification...

� There are 5 levels to Cisco certifications

� Entry (CCENT)

� Associate (CCNA)

� Professional (CCNP)

� Expert (CCIE)

� Architect (CCAr)

Entry Level

CCNA

CCNP

CCIE

CCAr

Our focus...


Tracks and paths

Routing & Switching Design Security Wireless Voice Datacenter StorageService Provider SP Operations

CCENT

CCNA

CCNP

CCIE CCIECCDE CCIE

CCENT

CCNA CCNA CCNA CCNA CCNACCDA

CCENTCCENT CCENT CCENT CCENT

CCDP CCNP CCNP CCNP CCNP CCNP

CCIE CCIE CCIE CCIE CCIE


Cisco Certified Network Associate, CCNA

� http://www.cisco.com/go/ccna

– Design (DA)

– Routing and Switching

– Security

– Voice

– Wireless

– Service Provider

– Service Provider Operations

� The Cisco Learning Network

� Learn the Syllabus!

https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/community/certifications/ccna/syllabus?view=overview


You


CCNA Training options

� CCNA Training

• Instructor led

� Self Study

• Books

• Practice labs

• http://www.freeccnaworkbook.com/• I have NO affiliation with this...just providing it as option

� OJT

• On Job Training

� This class *

� Take the test to see what its like

• Recon

• Test for free at Cisco Live

� CCNA Bootcamps

• When you are ready for the test


CCNA Practice tests

� Boson

http://www.boson.com/

� Transcender

http://www.transcender.com/

� Keep the integrity of the cert

– Avoid the braindump sites

� Your Journey doesn’t end when you pass the CCNA...

• Next step is the Professional Level

• Then the Expert Level


When you reach the top of the mountainand become a CCIE...

You see all the other mountains to climb...


Getting the CCIE is like getting a black belt...

It means you’ve mastered the basics...... And now the real learning can begin.


Getting help: cisco.com


Cisco.com

� How to get an CCO account

Cisco Connection Online

� How to find products

http://www.cisco.com/go/xxxxx

� How to find documentation

� Support Forums

https://supportforums.cisco.com/

� White papers

� Misc?


Defining Terms...


Binary and Hex Addressing


Base 10 numbering System

� This what we (humans) use for numbering

� Made up of Ten characters, 0 - 9


Base 10 numbering System (cont*)

� Each place to the left is a multiple of 10

� 10^4 is 10x10x10x10 = 10,000

or 10x10 = 100 x 10 = 1,000 x 10 = 10,000


Base 2 or binary numbering

� This is what machines use and understand

� Made up of two characters, 0 - 1

� Either on or off

� Each place is a power of 2 (instead of 10)

� A ‘0’ means that power is not counted

� A ‘1’ means that power is counted

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Bit

Byte

Nibble

High Order BitorThe LeastSignificant Bit

Low Order BitorThe MostSignificant Bit


Binary Example

� Lets look at 00010101

00010101

2^0 = 1 if on, 0 if off, this case it’s a 1

2^1 = 2, this case it’s a 0







0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 = 16 + 4 + 1 = 21


Binary Examples (cont*)

Binary Value: 10101010 = 170

Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Calculation 2^7 2^6 2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0

Value 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Digit 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

Equal 128 0 32 0 8 0 2 0

Binary Value: 11101001 = 233

Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Calculation 2^7 2^6 2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0

Value 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Digit 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1

Equal 128 64 32 0 8 0 0 1


Example: 35 = 32 + 2 + 1 = 00100011

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1

Converting Decimal to Binary Example


Powers of 2 are used extensively in networking.

One solution:

1. Start with 2 (which is 21).

2. Double the number to get the next value.

3. If you need 26, continue until you have 6

values. Look over the example to the right.

The second column is included only for

reference.

Powers of 2 for the non-math majors*


More Binary Examples

� 00000000 = 0

� 00000001 = 1

� 11111111 = 255

� 10101110 = 174

� 00100001 = 33

� 00010001 = 17

� 11100011 = 227


Practice*

� 10010011 = ___

� 01101100 = ___

� 10101010 = ___

� 01010101 = ___

� 01110111 = ___

� 10001111 = ___


Binary Math

� Rules

0 + 0 = 0

0 + 1 = 1

1 + 0 = 1

1 + 1 = 10

� Example:

101 (5) 111 (7)

+101 (5) +100 (4)

1010 (10) 1011 (11)


Base 16 or Hexadecimal

� This what machines also use for numbering

� Made up of 16 characters, 0 – 9, A-F

� Each place to the left is a power of 16

� Each Character is 4 bits (8+4+2+1=15) or 0-15

� Example:

3F = 0011 1111

F = 15x16^0 (15 x 1) or 15

3 = 3x16^1 (3 x16) or 48

15 + 48 = 63


Base 16 or Hexadecimal (cont*)

� Example:

E41A = 1110 0100 0001 1010

E = 1110 or 14

4 = 0100 or 4

1 = 0001 or 1

A = 1010 or 10

A = 10

1 = 1 x 16^1 (or 1 x 16) = 16

4 = 4 x 16^2 (or 4 x 16 x 16) = 1024

E = 14 x 16^3 (or 14 x 16 x 16 x 16) = 57344

57344 + 1024 + 16 + 10 = 58394

Hexadecimal E41A = Decimal 58394

0 = 1

1 = 1

2 = 2

3 = 3

4 = 4

5 = 5

6 = 6

7 = 7

8 = 8

9 =9

10 = A

11 = B

12 = C

13 = D

14 = E

15 = F


Units of Measure


Units of measurement

� Most industries have defined units of measure

� We have three...

• Second = time

• Bit = speed, bandwidth (access rate)

• Byte = size, data (disk size or memory)

� We’ll also borrow some terms from the SI

(Système international d'unités) or

International System of Units


Seconds

� Second is the Base unit of time in the SI

� Symbol is the ‘s’ (lower case)

� Precise measurement is:“The duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom.” - Wikipedia

One one thousand...

Two one thousand...

Three one thousand...

or

One Mississippi...

Two Mississippi...

Three Mississippi...

� Multiples – 60 seconds is a minute, 60 minutes an hour

� We are interested in Fractions of time


Seconds (cont...)

� Fractions of a second...

� Milliseconds

• milli – 10 to the -3 (thousands of a second .001)

• Symbol is the ‘m’ (lower case)

� Microseconds

• micro – 10 to the – 6 (millionths of a second .000001)

• Symbol is the ‘µ’


Bits� Smallest unit, 0 or 1 (on or off)

• Symbol is ‘b’ (lower case)

� Used in conjunction with seconds (bits per second)

� Only goes positive (or multiples, no fractions)

� 1 bps = 1 bit per second

• this is very slow (like Morse code slow)

� 1 kbps = 1000 bits per second (k = kilo)

• A fast dial-up modem was 56 kbps

• A DS0 is 64 kbps (1 channel of a T1/DS1)

� 1 Mbps – 1 million bits per second or “1 meg” (M = mega)

� 10 Mbps = 10 million bits per second or “10 meg”

� 100 Mbps = 100 million bits per second or “100 meg”

� 1 Gbps – 1 billion bits per second or “1 Gig” (G = Giga)


Bytes� Byte = 8 bits

� Symbol is ‘B’ (upper case)

� Used to measure size or capacity

• Hard disk space

• Memory

• File size

� Pay attention to file transfers

• Should use ‘b’ bits, but may use ‘B’ bytes

• ‘K’ (upper case) is short for KiloByte (1024B)

• You may see K or KB

• You will need to convert to get transfer rate

• If you have Bytes, multiple by 8 to get bits

• If you have bits, divide by 8 to get Bytes

� Time is often sliced into 8ths of a second (.125ms)


Speed and Bandwidth


Speed and Bandwidth

� Bandwidth - The “size” or “capacity” of the conduit in which the data is transferred

� Speed - The rate at which the data is travelling at

• Access Rate = Speed at which data can be moved between two devices

� Larger bandwidth will allow for more data

• This can also increase the rate at which it travels

• Does NOT mean that speed is bandwidth

• Bandwidth is size of the “pipe”

� Think of a highway for example

• Speed is the rate cars move - 65mph speed limit

• Bandwidth is more lanes to the highway for more cars

• Adding more lanes allows more cars, but the speed limit is still 65mph

Good read: It's the Latency, Stupid http://www.stuartcheshire.org/rants/Latency.html


Misc Terms


Misc Terms

� Asymmetrical

• Unbalanced. More one direction than the other

� Symmetrical

• Balanced. Equal each direction

� Synchronous

• Together. Happening at the same time

� Asynchronous

• Not synchronous. No timing requirement


OSI Model and Data Encapsulation


The OSI Reference Model

� Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)

� The OSI model is a layered, abstract description for communications and computer network protocol design

� A centralized model for understanding communications

� 7 layers, with each layer only having to communicate with it's adjacent layers and the same layer on the remote host

� Advantages:

– It’s easy to learn

– Designed for Multi-vender interoperability

– Makes application development simple

– Modular approach to design

– Makes troubleshooting easy

– Provides Structure and boundaries


The OSI Reference Model

� Layer 7 - Application Layer

� Layer 6 - Presentation Layer

� Layer 5 - Session Layer

� Layer 4 - Transport Layer

� Layer 3 - Network Layer

� Layer 2 - Datalink Layer

� Layer 1 - Physical Layer


The “hidden” Layers of the OSI Model

� Unofficial Layers of the OSI Reference Model for troubleshooting

Layer 8 - The End User

•PECK errors (sometimes PEBKAC)

•ID-Ten-T errors (id10t)

•Represents Real world/Physical interaction with the network

Layer 7 - Application Layer

Layer 6 - Presentation Layer

Layer 5 - Session Layer

Layer 4 - Transport Layer

Layer 3 - Network Layer

Layer 2 - Datalink Layer

Layer 1 - Physical Layer

Layer 0 - The ‘political’ layer

•Budgets (or lack of), management, office politics. You can’t build layer 1 without getting this stuff worked outV


Layer 7 – Application Layer

� These are the Applications you use every day

– Web Browser

– E-mail Client (Outlook)

– WsFTP

– Oasis

� Relies on the underlining layers to perform properly

� As long as other layers are working, problems can be isolated here

– DNS example

– Website issues

� You invoke the application

� Protocol Data Unit (PDU) is “Data”

� Considered a Host Layer


Layer 6 - Presentation Layer

� Responsible for data representation and encryption

� Transforms the data to provide a standard interface for the Application layer

� Examples:

– jpeg

– mpeg

– MIME encoding




Layer 5 - Session Layer

� Responsible for Inter-host communication

� Controls the dialogues/connections (sessions) between computers

� Establishes, manages and terminates the connections between the local and remote application

� Examples:

– RPC

– NFS

– SQL (named pipes)

– NetBIOS




Layer 4 - Transport Layer

� End-to-end connections and reliability (TCP)

� Provides transparent transfer of data between end users, providing reliable data transfer services to the upper layers

� Examples:

– TCP

– UDP

� Protocol Data Unit (PDU) is “Segment”



Layer 3 - Network Layer

� Path determination and logical addressing

� Provides the functional and procedural means of transferring variable length data sequences from a source to a destination

� Here’s where we use the IP address...

� Examples:

– IP

– ICMP

– IPSec

– ARP

– RIP

– OSPF

– IPX (not a tcp/ip protocol)

– CLNS (not a tcp/ip protocol)

� Protocol Data Unit (PDU) is “Packet”

� Considered a Media Layer


Layer 2 - Datalink Layer

� Physical addressing (MAC)

� Provides the functional and procedural means to transfer data between network entities and to detect and possibly correct errors that may occur in the Physical layer

� Examples:

– Ethernet (802.3)

– ATM

– HDLC

– PPP

– Frame-Relay

– 802.11 (a/b/g/n)

� Protocol Data Unit (PDU) is “Frame”



Layer 1 - Physical Layer

� Media, signal and binary transmission

� Defines all the electrical and physical specifications for devices

� Examples:

– V.35

– RJ-45

– 568A/B

– RS-232

– T1

– DS-3

– Sonet

– DSL

– RF

– BITS Clock Timing

� Protocol Data Unit (PDU) is “Bits”



TCP/IP Reference Model

� Application Layer (OSI Layers 5-7)

� Transport Layer (OSI Layer 4)

� Internetwork Layer (OSI Layer 3)

� Network Interface Layer (OSI Layer 2)

� Physical Layer (OSI Layer 1)


OSI vs. TCP/IP Models


The Data Encapsulation Process

� The IP Application creates ‘Data’ to be sent

� That Data is broken into smaller chucks to become a ‘Segment’

� Segment are encapsulated with a transport header and logical addressing header to become a Packet

� Packet are further encapsulated with a Hardware or physical address and give error checking information to become a Frame

� The Frame becomes bits or voltage on the wire and is sent to the next host...


The Data Encapsulation Process*


How the OSI Model works


How to use the OSI Model

� Troubleshooting using the OSI model

– The top down approach

• Used for simple issues

– The bottom up approach

• Complex problems, always start at the bottom

– Divide and Conquer

• Not sure where to start?


TCP/IP Overview


What is a Protocol?

� A protocol can be defined as the rules governing the syntax, semantics, and synchronization of communication.


The Internet Protocol

� Internet Protocol Suite was introduced by Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn of the IEEE in 1974 (TCP concept)

• IP was the connectionless datagram service

•Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) was the connection-oriented service

•The Internet Protocol Suite is often referred to as TCP/IP

� The first major version of TCP/IP was version 4 (IPv4)

� Defined in RFC 791, Internet Protocol (1981) version 4

•There was no “TCP/IP” versions 1-3

•TCP did have 3 earlier versions, but was split into IP at layer 3 and TCP at layer 4 (this version became IPv4)

•Version 4 was first widely used version of IP

80

IEEE = Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers


What is TCP/IP

� The Internet protocol suite is the set of communications protocols that implement the protocol stack on which the Internet and most commercial networks run. It has also been referred to as the TCP/IP protocol suite, which is named after two of the most important protocols in it: the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP)


IP Applications

� IP is a suite of protocols, and applications that use those protocols

� Some IP applications and protocols:

Telnet, SSH, HTTP, HTTPS, NTP, NTTP, SNMP, SMTP, POP3, IMAP, DNS, SIP, MGCP, PPTP, RTP, RCTP, FTP, etc...

� Applications ride on top of the underlining communication protocols or Transport protocols


IP Addressing

� End-to-end model (or host-to-host) uses a logical addressing system to identify unique hosts on the network

� Network blocks assigned in a hierarchical manner, all hosts have a unique physical and logical address

� Hosts on the Network

– consists of Clients and Servers

– any device with an interface and an address is a host


Why TCP/IP?

� TCP/IP is based on end-to-end or host to host connectivity

– Network survivability

– Distributed communication model

� Consists of Applications that “ride” on top of Transport Protocols


Why TCP/IP?

� The Telephone Network

– Is a circuit Switched Network

– Concerned with the path or circuit through the network

– Connects two wires to complete a circuit

� TCP/IP

– Is a packet Switched Network

– Concerned only with the end hosts address

– Connects two hosts and allows them to communicate over any path


The Telephone Network (heavily simplified)

5E SWITCH5E SWITCH

5E SWITCH

5E SWITCH

5E SWITCH


The Telephone Network (cont...)

5E SWITCH5E SWITCH

5E SWITCH

5E SWITCH

5E SWITCH?


TCP/IP Network


TCP/IP Network (cont...)


Client-Server Model

� Client/server is a computing architecture which separates a client from a server

� Characteristics of a Client

– Active (master)

– Initiates the requests

– Waits for and receives replies from the server

– Usually connects to a small number of servers at one time

– Typically interacts directly with end-users (you!)

� Characteristics of a Server

– Passive (slave)

– Waits for requests from clients

– Upon receipt of requests, processes them and then serves replies

– Usually accepts connections from a large number of clients

– Typically does not interact directly with end-users


Client Server Model (cont ...)


Many Clients and Servers


The IPv4 Header

� Version field (4 bits)

� Is there an IPv5?

•NopeV

•Number 5 was intentionally skipped to prevent confusion

•An experimental protocol called Internet Stream Protocol v2 was assigned the value of 5 in the version field

•This protocol died on the vineV

Version HLType of Service

Total Length

Identification FlagsFragment

Offset

Time to Live Protocol Header Checksum

Source Address

Destination Address

Options Padding

IPv4 Header


IPv4 Addressing Detail

� Every host and every interface on that host must have a uniqueIPv4 address

– Always an exception to the rulesV

� IPv4 Address’s are 32 bits in length (4 bytes or octets)

– each bit is either a ‘0’ or a ‘1’, on or off (basic binary)

� IPv4 Address’s have two parts, a Unique ID and Subnet Mask

– 192.168.12.38 255.255.255.0

� The Unique ID has two parts

– A Network portion

• 192.168.12.38 255.255.255.0

– A Host portion

• 192.168.12.38 255.255.255.0

� A “Subnet mask” determines which part of the address is the Network and which part is the Host

– 192.168.12.38 255.255.255.0


IPv4 Address completion (run-out)

Note: http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/index.html


RIR Exhaust Timeline

� Feb 3rd, 2011, IANA allocated the last of the IPv4 address space

� Most RIR’s excepted to be out* by end of 2014V

RIR Projected Exhaust Date /8’s left in pool

APNIC 19-Apr-2011 0.9290

RIPENCC 28-July-2012 1.8280

LACNIC 17-Jan-2014 3.4247

ARIN 04-Feb-2013 3.5250

AFRINIC 28-Oct-2014 4.1924

This is aSurpriseV

* “out” means less than /8


Enter IP version 6*IPv6

� As early as 1992, the impending shortage of IPv4 addresses was recognized as serious limiting factor to the protocol and its continued usage

� 1994 the IETF initiated design and development of IPv6

� First defined in 1996 with RFC 1883

� 1998 brought RFC 2460 (modern version)

� Production quality IPv6 stacks available around 2000

� Early adoption began around 2001-2003 time frame

IETF = Internet Engineering Task ForceIANA = Internet Assigned Numbers Authority


The IPv6 Header

� Version number 6

� New header design

� Uses 128 bits for addressing

� Stateless (autoconfig) and stateful (DHCP) address configuration

� Better QoS – flow label

� New protocols for neighbor interaction

� Extensible design – easily add new features and functionality

Version Traffic Class Flow Label

Payload Length Next HeaderHop Limit

Source Address

Destination Address

IPv6 Header


DynaMIPS and a Home Lab


Home (or Office) Lab Equipment

� http://www.ccnahomelab.com/

• No affiliation

� Basically you need...

• A couple of routers

• 1700, 1800, 2600 are fine

• Ideally Ethernet and serial interfaces

• A couple of switches

• 3550’s are fine

• Ideally 3560’s

• Associated cabling to connect it all


DynaMIPS

� Google “dynamips”

� Emulator for the MIPS processor used in older cisco routers

� Main Site:

http://www.ipflow.utc.fr/index.php/Cisco_7200_Simulator

� Blog (good info)

http://www.ipflow.utc.fr/blog/

� Support forum

http://7200emu.hacki.at/index.php

� Dynagen (front end)

http://dynagen.org/

� GNS3 (graphical front end)

http://www.gns3.net/


Questions?

ip 101 tcp/ip basic’s class #1 - mid-state consultants,...

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