ip addressing overview-new

8/8/2019 IP Addressing Overview-NEW

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ip-addressing-overview-new 1/17

TCP/IP Protocol and IP AddressingHetal Presswala

August 09, 2008



2 - Confidential

2 - Confidential

Introduction to TCP/IPThe TCP/IP Suite defines a set of rules to enablecomputers to communicate over a network . TCP/IPprovides end-to-end connectivity specifying how datashould be formatted, addressed, shipped, routed anddelivered to the right destination .



3 - Confidential

3 - Confidential

Application Layer Handles high-level protocols, issues of representation ,encoding , and dialog control .



4 - Confidential

4 - Confidential

Transport Layer Five basic services:Segmenting upper-layer application data

Establishing end-to-end operationsSending segments from one end host toanother end hostEnsuring data reliabilityProviding flow control



5 - Confidential

5 - Confidential

Internet Layer Best path determination and packet switching



6 - Confidential

6 - Confidential

IP as a Routed Protocol

IP is a connectionless,unreliable, best-effortdelivery protocol.As information flows downthe layers of the OSI model;the data is processed ateach layer.IP accepts whatever data ispassed down to it from the

upper layers.



7 - Confidential7 - Confidential

Packet Propagation and Switching Within a Router




N etwork Access Layer

The network access layer is concerned with all of the issues that anIP packet requires to actually make a physical link to the networkmedia. It includes the LAN and WAN technology details, and all thedetails contained in the OSI physical and data link layers.




IPv4 Addressing Overview

Internet address¶s architectureClasses of IP addresses

Subnet mask




IP AddressAn IP address is a 32-bit sequence of 1s and 0s.To make the IP address easier to use, the address isusually written as four decimal numbers separated byperiods.This way of writing the address is called the dotted

decimal format.




IP Address Cont«Every IP address has two parts:

N etworkHost

The Class D address class was created to enable multicasting.IETF reserves Class E addresses for its own research.



1 2 - Confidential1 2 - Confidential

IP Address Cont«




Reserved IP AddressesCertain host addresses arereserved and cannot beassigned to devices on anetwork.An IP address that has binary

0 s in all host bit positions isreserved for the networkaddress.An IP address that has binary1 s in all host bit positions isreserved for the broadcast

address.




IP Private AddressesNo two machines that connect to a public network can have thesame IP address because public IP addresses are global andstandardizedPrivate IP addresses are a solution to the problem of the

exhaustion of public IP addresses. Addresses that fall withinthese ranges are not routed on the Internet backbone:

Connecting a network using private addresses to the Internetrequires the usage of NAT




Subnet Mask Address

A subnet mask allows you to identify which part of an IPaddress is reserved for the network, and which part isavailable for host are.

In summary, knowing the subnet mask can allow you toeasily calculate whether IP addresses are on the samesubnet, or not using bitwise AND gate (A Boolean operator that returns a value of TRUE if both its operands are TRUE,and FALSE otherwise)

.




Establishing the Subnet Mask AddressTo determine the number of bits to be used, the networkdesigner needs to calculate how many hosts the largestsubnetwork requires and the number of subnetworks needed.




Subnet example192.168.10.0/27 (FF.FF.FF.224)

ip addressing overview-new

Documents