ip based surveillance cctv system
TRANSCRIPT
IP BASED SURVEILLANCE CCTV SYSTEM With reference to Visakhapatnam steel plant
Submitted by M.VAMSI KRISHNA
S.SRIRAM
M.NAGARJUNA
K.NAGARAJU
GUIDED BY
S.SURYA SANKAR
Assistant General Manager
Tele communication Department
Visakhapatnam steel plant
ABSTRACT
IP BASED CCTV SYSTEM IN VSP:
Visakhapatnam Steel Plant in presently using CCTV Systems in various shop floors for
industrial applications security and surveillance, public information displays and for monitoring
production processes.
VSP is also having a strong DATACOM NETWORK. This Network used for recording
attendance, processing finance bills and recording production data. Through these systems some
ongoing processes at a long distance with some hazards are monitored from the control room.
This in the only online visual communication in plant i.e. why CCTV systems are so important in
the shop floors. There is also an immediate need at VSP to increase vigil over the movement of
people and vehicles near the plant gates in order to maintain discipline and peace.
These demands could not be met using conventional CCTV system because of the large
distances involved. Wireless CCTV equipment could not be adapted due to presence of large
structures in the line of sight. In order to meet the immediate requirement of gate monitoring
without much delay and also to meet the growing CCTV demands the present project envisage a
solution using the existing cable networks.
This project report involves study of both CCTV and cable network, implementation of
these CCTV system using LAN networks that are available in the present day and finally
coming out with a detailed presentation of the new system using LANs.
ABOUT VSP
Introduction to VSP
Visakhapatnam Steel Plant is the only shore based integrated steel plant in our country.
The decision to set up an integrated steel plant at Visakhapatnam by the Government of India
was taken in the Parliament on 17th April, 1970 and on 20th January, 1971, the then Prime
Minister, Smt. Indira Gandhi laid the foundation stone fulfilling the long cherished dream of the
people of Andhra Pradesh.
Visakhapatnam is a fast growing city and a railway junction station in the Eastern Ghats
and the coast of Bay of Bengal. It is the district headquarters. Visakhapatnam is the home for
several heavy industries in the Public Sector like BHPV, Hindustan Zinc, Hindustan Shipyard,
HPCL etc. It also houses establishments like NSTL, Eastern Naval Command, NAD,
Visakhapatnam Port Trust, Centre for naval architecture etc. Visakhapatnam Steel Plant is
located 15 Kms to the South West of the Visakhapatnam Port. It lies between the Northern
boundary of the National Highway No. 5 from Madras to Kolkotaa and 7 Kms to the South West
of Howrah Madras railway line.
i. Coke Oven and Coke Chemicals Plants: Coke oven plant consist of three coke oven batteries
of 67 ovens each with useful coke chamber volume of 41.6 cubic meter. Each battery is of 7
meters height. It produces coke in the sizes of 25 to 70 mm which meet the coke requirement
of the Blast Furnaces. The annual capacity of the three batteries is 2.261 mt. During
production operation the CO gas (carbon monoxide) generated is used in the Coke chemical
plants to extract different by products like Benzol, Ammonium Sulphate, Tar products etc.
After extracting all the valuable products the remaining gas is used as energy source.
ii. Sinter Plant : There are two sinter machines each of 312 sqmt grate area. Here iron ore fines,
coke breeze, lime stone, dolomite are mixed together to from the agglomerated mass, called
gross sinter which is used in Blast Furnaces as the primary input. The annual production
capacity is 5.256 mt.
iii. Blast Furance (BF): There two Blast Furnaces named “GODAVARI” and “KRISHNA”,
each of 3200 cubic meter useful volume. Here hot metal is produced from the raw materials
like iron ore (Lump), sinter, coke and limestone etc. The annual capacity of this facility is
3.4 mt. From molten hot metal pig iron / steel is produced.
iv. Steel Melting Shop: There are three nos. of LD converters each of 133 cubic meters with a
capacity to produce 3 mt of liquid steel. The production capacity of a plant is its capacity to
produce liquid steel. VSP is a 3 mt plant. SMS also has six number of four strand
continuous casting machines to produce blooms. 2.82 mt of blooms can be cast annually.
In this shop hot metal from BF is received in the mixer, kept for temporary storage and
transferred to converter where charging takes place in presence of 99.5% pure oxygen.
After Argon rinsing the molten steel is moved from here to the six strand continuous casting
machines. Blooms are formed which form the input material for the mills. Blooms are also
taken as input to small steel making industries.
v. Rolling Mills : There are three rolling mill in VSP.
Light & Medium merchant mills: It includes the billet mill and bar mill. It has a two strand
rolling mill. It produces billets, bars and structures. The annual capacity is 1.857 mts of
billets and 7.1 mt of bars & structures.
Wire Rod mill: It is a high speed four strand continuous mill. The mill is designed to
produce wire rods in plain rounds and ribbed bars (5.5 to 12.7 mm diameter). The annual
capacity of wire rods production is 0.8 mt.
Medium and Merchant mill: This mill produce squares 12 to 65mm, flats 30 to 150mm,
channels and angles etc. This mill has an annual capacity of 0.85 mt of bars and structures.
vi. Thermal Power Plant : The production capacity is 240 MW from the four turbo generators
each of 60 mw capacity. There are nos. of turbo blowers each having a capacity of 6067
NM3 / min of cold blast. Power is also generated from BPTS (back pressure turbine station)
and GETS (gas expansion turbine station) in VSP in small quantities.
Water needs of the plant are met from the Yeleswaram reservoir specially constructed for the
plant along with the 150 km long walled canal and the Kanithi balancing reservoir in VSP
township.
VSP has a large township with all modern amenities like hospitals, schools, clubs,
function halls, shopping centers, parks for children, good roads and protected drinking water.
The products manufactured by VSP are pig iron, steel billets, wire rods.
COMMUNICATION FACILITIES
Introduction to Communication facilities in VSP :
In Visakhapatnam Steel Plant, different types of communication systems are being
used to meet the internal and external communication needs. These are broadly classified as
follow :
a. General purpose communication systems.
b. Process communication systems
c. Monitoring & Signaling Systems.
GENERAL PURPOSE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS :
The following facilities are provided under category of general purpose
communication systems :
3000 lines Electronic Exchange in Plant.
2000 lines Electronic Exchange in Township.
100 lines Electronic Exchange in Visakha Steel General Hospital.
64 lines Electronic exchange in Hill Top House 2500 Lines Electronic Exchange of Bharat
Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL) in Project Office is catering to the needs of Plant area and
Sectors –I to VII in township. Another 2000 Lines Electronic Exchange of Bharat Sanchar
Nigam ltd (BSNL) in Township is catering to the needs of Sectors VIII to XI in Township.
The 3000 Lines electronic exchange in plant and 2000 lines exchange in township are having
the following facilities : Extension (subscriber) to extension call, Auto call back, Hot lines,
Music on hold, Reminder Alarm, Automatic line testing facility, Faults man ring back, cal
consult facility, Malicious cal tracing facility, 3 party conference Facility and Howler Tone
alert etc. All exchanges working in the steel plant are interconnected by means of junction
liens and have closed numbering scheme. For communicating with any subscriber of any
exchange no extra digits have to be dialed and only the desired number is to be dialed. The
2000 lines exchange in township is interconnected to the BSNL network. Due to this
interconnection all the subscribers of this exchange can receive incoming calls from any part
of the world. A few subscribers are provided with facility to contact subscribers connected
to the BSNL network and cellular and mobile phones in and around Visakhapatnam.
PROCESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS :
To facilitate coordination, operation & management activities of production, maintenance
& service departments, the following process communication systems are provided :
a) Dispatcher Communication Systems :
Dispatcher communication systems are provided in Raw Materials Handling Plant
(RMHP), Coke & Coal Chemicals Department (CCCP), Sinter Plant, Blast Furnace, Steel Melt
Shop, Rolling Mills (i.e LMMM, WRM, MMSM), Thermal Power Plant (TPP), Energy
Management Department (EMD), Water Management Department (WMD), Production
Planning & Monitoring (PPM), Calcining & Refractory Materials Plants (CRMP) and Traffic
Department.
Initially cordless switch board type manual exchanges of electromechanical version were
provided. Since manufacture of such systems and their spares is discontinued in the country,
these dispatcher systems are being replaced by Electronic exchanges progressively. Except the
ones in CCCP other systems have been replaced. These would also be replaced very soon.
Production coordination at plant level being conducted by ED (Works) with all HODs in the
morning every day is facilitated with the help of the digital EXCOM system provided in the plant
control room.
b) Loudspeaker intercom systems:
Loudspeaker intercom systems are working LMMM & WRM. These systems
are used for communication between various sections of the same production shop.
Communication is made possible using microphones and loudspeakers provided in the subscriber
stations. This system is very useful in noisy environment where conventional telephones are
ineffective. This system helps to establish communication between any two stations having
interconnectivity on selection basis. By using group call facility it is possible to communicate to
all the subscribers in the group at a time.
c) Loudspeaker broadcasting system :
Loudspeaker broad casting systems are provided in C & CCD, BF,SP and SMS
departments. This system is useful to make general announcements to the entire area of
working and so can be used to locate operation / maintenance personnel working on the shop
floor so as to pass-on important instructions from the control room. The system consists of
centralized amplifier rack with amplifies, Desk top gooseneck microphone with press to talk
switch and a network of loudspeakers connected to the amplifiers
d) Loudspeaker conference communication systems :
Loudspeaker conference communication systems is working in CCCP.
These systems are provided with both paging and private channel communication facilities. In
case of paging a general announcement can be made which is heard on all the stations. In the
private mode communication is possible between two selected stations only. Due to its nature
these are selectively placed in the shop floor. Here also communication is carried out by means
of microphones and loudspeakers provided in the in the subscriber stations. This system is very
useful in noisy environment where conventional telephones are not useful.
e) Industrial public address system :
Industrial Public Address System is working in TPP. It is a combination of
loudspeaker broadcasting system and conference communication system. Form the main control
room it is possible to make announcements which are heard on the shop floor. From certain
locations the communication can also be established through handsets in private mode with the
main control room.
f) Hotline Communication systems :
To ensure direct telephone communication between closely related critical
locations hot lines are provided. By using the hot lines specified locations are connected
permanently. Communication is possible only between these two locations. When on subscriber
lifts his telephone the other will immediately get a ring and communication can be had without
any loss of time. This is useful to pass-on urgent messages. These hot lines are initially
provided with direct lines communications systems which are electro mechanical systems. Due
to obsolescence electronic systems are now being used for most of the locations. Hot lines are
working in CCCP, BF, SMS, LMMM, WRM, MMSM, TPP, PPM, DNW and WMD
departments.
g) VHF communication systems :
VHF communication systems are used in our plant to establish two way
communication between two or more when either or one of them is moving. There are three
models working in out plant. They are hand-held units (walkie-talkie), vehicle mounted –
mobile units and base station units. Walkie-talkies are used by operation and service personnel
in almost all of the production shops. Vehicle mounted units are being used by DNW, CISF
(fire) and CISF (security). Base station units are used by CISF (fire), CISF (Security),
Administration, DNW and largely by CCCP departments. In CCCP these can be seen in pusher
cars, charging cars, door extractors, electric locos, lifters and CDCP area.
MONITORING AND SIGNALING SYSTEMS:
To facilitate monitoring production, maintenance & service activities, the following
monitoring and signaling system are provided :
Closed Circuit Television Systems (CCTV) :
a) Central fire alarm signaling system
b) SCADA system
c) Shift change Announcement Siren System
a) Closed Circuit Television Systems (CCTV):
For monitoring critical operation in different production units continuously
from the concerned control rooms / pulpits CCTV systems are used in SP, BF, SMS, LMMM,
WRM and MMSM departments. CCTV system comprises of CCTV camera with a lens and a
CCTV monitor. In some cases a video switcher, a central control console, pan and tilt head and
zoom lens are also used. These are interconnected by means of control cables and / or coaxial
cables Necessary protection is provided for the CCTV equipment depending on the locations
where they are used.
b) Central fire alarm signaling system :
The central fire alarm system is provided for communicating the exact location
of outbreak of fire in any part of the steel plant complex to the central fire station and
simultaneous actuation of sirens to alert personnel of the affected plant zone. The system
employs manual call pints located all over the plant.
c) SCADA system :
To monitor the consumption of energy by various users in the plant SCADA
system is provided with supervisory consoles and mimic panels located in the Energy & Telecom
Building, 23 Nos Remote Telemetry Units (RTUs) installed in different palnt units and 3 local
RTUs for driving the mimic panel in the Energy centre. The RTUs will be collecting the signals
from the local instrumentation & electrical systems and transmitting to the master station by
means of RTUs. The RTU are connected to the master station by under ground telephone
cables.
d) Shift change Announcement Siren System :
The shift change announcement siren system is provided for ensuring
uniform and accurate shift timings throughout the plant. This system consist of two (2) nos
quartz crystal controlled master clocks in the Energy & Telecom Centre. The shift timings are
programmed in the Master Clock. At the specified time, the signal will be transmitted for
energizing the sirens located at strategic points in plant area simultaneously at the preset timing.
THE PROJECT
INTRODUCTION TO CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION
A Closed Circuit television (CCTV) system is a television system, which operates on a
closed loop basis, unlike the Television at home, which is a public system available to anyone
with a suitable receiver, CCTV images are only available to those connected to the closed loop.
The main function of the CCTV system is to allow surveillance and remote viewing,
typically; from several cameras, back to one location within the same building. Usually, it is a
part of an overall integrated package operated by security personnel that includes access control,
alarms, intrusion detection and communication.
The true scope for+ applications is almost unlimited. Some examples are:
o Monitoring traffic on a bridge.
o Recording the inside of baking oven to find the cause of problems
o A temporary system to carry out traffic survey in a town center.
o The well-publicized use at foot ball stadiums, etc.
o Hidden in busses to control vandalism.
o Production control & Security monitoring a factory.
In VSP, there are CCTV systems in the different shop floors like sinter plant, Blast Furnace,
Steel Melting Shop and Rolling Mills.
Through these systems some of the on-going hazardous processes are being monitored
remotely from the control rooms which are in the Vicinity of the production facility. This is
the only on line visual communication in the plant. That is the reason why CCTV systems
are so important in the shop floors.
A traditional CCTV system recording was on video tapes. This was fine for recording what was
going on, but it didn’t broadcast actual live information, so it wasn’t practical for monitoring
stores, for instance, from a remote location. It simply provided what happened after the fact.
The picture quality wasn’t great and it relied on human reliability as well someone had to
remember to change the tapes regularly, etc.
For lthe authorized personnel; to view continuous production processes round the clock, IP
based CCTV system is very essential. So this project describes IP based CCTV in VSP.
EXISTING CCTV SYSTEM IN VSP:
The simple system Is a camera connected directly to a monitor by a coaxial cable with the
power for the camera being provided from the monitor. The camera generally mounted on a
fixed platform or movable platform bear to the scene whereas the TV monitor is kept at the
control room. There is an empirical cruel issued widely in CCTV system design that in order tyo
distinguish a person a monitor, they must be at least 10% of the height of the screen. The camera
converts the optical signal into electrical signal (composite video signal) and at the TV end the
electrical signal reverts into optical(video) signal.
BASIC CCTV SYSTEM
When designing a CCTV or Video communication Network, there are a
lot of details to consider: colour or black and white, distance from the camera to the surveyed
point, capabilities of camera and lenses, video resolution, video processor type, recording,
maintenance and the environment.
Now depending upon the environments and area of observations different types of
accessories are required in the CCTRV systems.
These are mainly Plan and Tilt drive unit, Video Switcher, Video distribution amplifier,
Protective housing, cooling jackets etc.
Pan and Tilt drive unit:
Pan and Tilt drive unit; are used for ;remotely controlling the position of cameras so as to
enable to view a particular zone of the on going process. Depending upon the capacity of P & T
drive it can be light duty, medium duty and heavy duty. In most of VSP SITES medium duty P
& T drive is used. The specification of the medium duty P & T drive (Model no V330 APT).
o Operating voltage : 24 v AC.
o Operating load: 15.9 kgs.
o Angular travel.
o Pan: 350 degr4ees (max)
o Tilt: +- 90 degrees(max)
o Speed:pan:7 degree per sec (max).
o Tilt : 4 degree per sec (max).
In this connection one point to be noted that with the help of limit switches (individual for the
P&T), the angular travel can be controlled. These limit switches are adjusted in the site in such a
way so that the camera can move up to the desired area of observation. In this connection one
more point to be noted that from the control room; with the help of joystick switches
mechanisms the directional voltage of AC230v is extended up to the camera end which ;is being
either directly or stepping down before connecting with the control drive.`
A four-camera system with video switcherVideo switcher:
In a multi camera system video switching facility is employed for the choice of signals
to the TV monitor. The switcher can be mechanical, electro-mechanical or fully electronics
type. These are of different capacitities. The 8 x 1 video switcher accepts eight different
video signals and selects any one at a time. The selected camera’s video signal reached to
output of video switcher where TV monitor is connected with the coaxial cable. The
electronic ;video exchanges are microprocessor based and are user friendly.
Video distribution amplifier:
The output from a single camera can be displayed on several monitors (either by loop
through technique or using a video distribution amplifier). The distribution amplifier also
compensates for the loss of video due to increased length of cables. But generally it becomes a
gate way for all types of noise entry into the video stream
Equalizing amplifier:
The attenuation of video increases as the cable length increases and this loss is more at
higher frequencies due to cable capacitance. Using an equalizing amplifier in the video path can
compensate this. So that unit can produce a clear and constant image in the TV monitor despite
of relatively long distances.
Protective housing:
In some cases camera are placed in some rigorous environments where temperature, dust,
vibration humidity etc, are very much more than the normal. In those areas a protective housing
is being used to protect the cameras and other accessories. This protective house is chosen in
such a way that the camera, lens, power supply unit etc, can be accommodated in the housing.
The front portion of the housing is made of special glass.
Cooling Jacket and Vortex Cooler:
To protect camera from high temperature a special type of camera housing with water
cooling jacket is used in the site. For this type of housing one water inlet and one water outlet
are there. Apart from the cooling jacket in some high temp, areas (for example: mills female)
vortex cooler enclosure cooling systems is also used. Vortex converts compressed air into cool,
filtered air without using refrigerants.
Vertex cooler use a vortex tube to convert filtered compressed air into two air streams,
one hot and another cold. The cold air is discharged into the enclosure and the hot air is vented
to the outside. It requires no electricity for its operation.
Lens:
It is fixed in front of the camera and is used to focus the required object on the
photosensitive plate. The specification of CCTV lens contains parameters like format, focal
length, iris control, focus control and voltages in case of zoom lenses. The selection of lens
mainly depends on the camera size, area of coverage and place of use.
Lens can be divided broadly into three types :
☻ fixed focal length
☻ variable focal length
☻zoom lens.
Fixed focus lens are of two types :
Auto iris or manual iris. In the manual iris the aperture of the lens is opened to such
an extent so that good contrast picture is available in the TV monitor. This type of lens is
used in areas where there is not much variation of light. Fixed focal lenses are available with
focal length (2.3 mm to 25 mm). Fixed lenses have a predetermined focal length and manual
focus control.
Monofocal / Fixed Lenses
In the auto iris lens the aperture varies with the level of video signal. For
the brighter object the video signal is more, so this more video signal reduces the aperture
and vice versa. Hence this type of lens is used in those area where there may be a lot of light
intensity variation (for example: in the cast house of Blast furnace).
Vari-Focal Lenses: Lenses are available with adjustable zoom for a large
range of focal lengths. Unlike a zoom lens, a varifocal lens does not maintain focus when
zoomed. The lens at installation is set for optimum field of view.
Varifocal lenses
For zoom lens there are three controls namely zooming, focus and
iris. These control can be manual or automatic (only iris). For getting the good picture quality
these controls are to be operated from the control console. A motorized zoom lens keeps the
viewed object in focus while varying the length of the lens.
EMBED Word.Picture.8 ZoomLenses
Multiple Camera System:
The next development was to incorporate the outputs from four cameras into the monitor.
These could be set to sequence automatically through the cameras or any camera could be held
selectively. There was even microphone built into the camera to carry sound and a speaker into
the monitor. The speaker, of course, only put out the sound of ;the selected camera. For
production monitoring audio transducers are not used.
The system was, thought, inexpensive to buy and simple to install. It came complete in a
box with camera, 16mm lens, bracket, switching monitor and 12 meters of coaxial cable with
fitted plugs. An outlet socket for a video recorder was provided, although reviewing could be a
little tedious when the cameras had been set to sequence.
When more than one camera is required, then a video switcher must be included as
shown in the diagram. Using the switcher any camera may be selected to be held on the screen
or it can be set to sequence in turn through all the cameras. Usually the time that each camera is
shown may be adjusted by a control; knob. In the microprocessor based systems this
programmable variably for individual camera and also the location of the camera can be made to
appear on the monitor making the job of the supervisor easy.
In many applications the area to be covered would need many fixed cameras. The
solution to this is to use cameras fixed to a movable platform. This platform can then be
controlled from a remote location. The platform may simply rotate in horizontal plane or in
vertical plane or ;both, and is generally ;known as a pan, tilt unit. Cameras may be used indoors
or outdoors. When used outdoors they will always require a protective housing. For ;indoor use
the environment or aesthetic constraints will dictate whether a housing is needed. Systems may
contain a combination of both fixed and movable cameras.
Limitations of conventional CCTV systems:
As the analog or conventional CCTV systems have their own uses but they are also have the
following limitations.
Complex and costly installation
Long process to find and Monitoring console has to be in close proximity to
cameras.
No remote viewing capabilities.
Very limited ability to integrate with other applications
Complex archiving process.
Systems required large real estate space.
♦Dedicated run coaxial cablestill used for each camera in the
system.
♦CCTV installations still require use of expensive hardwar multipluxers, switches and
matrix.
♦Use of proprietary hardware and software does not fit the enterprise digital video
surveillance requirements of most organizations operating in open environments. review
an event.
Inability to record and review taped events at the same time.
Very limited motion detection ability.
So in order to avoid the above limitations we have to
1. Convert Analog cameras to digital or
2.Use Digital Cameras
Conversion of analog cameras to digital:
For the conversion of Analog camera to a Digital one a particular device named as DIGITAL
VIDEO RECORDER is used.
Digital Video Recorder:
Digital Video Recorders(DVRs) were introduced marking the evolution of the second
generation of CCTV. The DVR originated with mechanical-type devices resembling VCRs with
functions controlled by on screen displays. The beauty of the mechanical device was that it was
something anyone could operate and the function keys were similar to a device they were already
familiar with the VCR . So this made i less intimidating. The DVR allowed a video to be
recorded in higher resolutions than VCRs and eliminated video tapes, which in turn eradicated
the need to physically change the tapes.
The second generation DVR Comes in two forms, appliance based DVRs, which are
boxes similarity in appearance to VCRs and PC-based DVRs which look like regular computers.
Withbothofthesesystemsthecoretechnologyhasremainedthesame.
The NTSC or PAL video signals from analog cameras are connected to video capture cards
inside the DVR APPLIANCE OR PC. The capture cards take the analog signal and digitize it.
These digitized images are then compressed by a mathematical algorithm and stored on a hard
disk or a multiple disks. The DVR software then allows the user to monitor live cameras, review
stored video data ,save images and video clips to disk and connect remotely to the main unit via
the network.
NET DVR:
Net DVR-64 uses IP technology to create digitized video streams that,
when transferred via a computer network, enable remote control, monitoring and recording of
live video, this means there is no distance limitation to operating cameras and monitoring,
recording archiving surveillance video.
SUGGESTED SOLUTION WITH REASONS
The conventional CCTV systems at VISAKHAPATNAM STEEL PLANT use
equipments that are of analog version. When these equipment are used for applications over
long distances apart from the difficulties indicated in the earlier chapter some unwanted signals
(noise) are added to the original signal during the process of transmission causing deterioration
of picture quality. In order to over come this drawback it is suggested to use digital version
equipment. Generally for transmission of digital signals OSI network is used. OSI network is
already installed in the plant, for recording attendance, processing finance bills and recording
production data and also in the marketing department. In this OSI network optical fiber cables
are used. For extending the cameras / extension of monitors no additional cables / long line
amplifiers etc are not required if OFCs are used. The proposed system envisages using OFC
network for transmission of digital video signals based on LANs. Analog CCD cameras are not
directly compatible to the LANs. LANs are compatible with only digital stream of signals.
Hence in the proposed system LAN based CCD cameras are being suggested. Along with LAN
based camera other accessories required are also to be used in the network. The accessories
available in the market are depicted in the typical CCTV network. The digital signal output of
the LAN based CCTV camera is transmitted on to the 10 BASE –T/100 BASE-TX coaxial cable,
because coaxial cable only is compatible to the LAN based CCTV camera. From this cable the
data is transferred on to the OFC through media converter. A media converters is used for
achieving compatibility between OFC and coaxial cable.
CCTV SUGGESTED SYSTEM
The proposed system would contain black & white and colour cameras connected to
colour or B&W monitors of the personal computers over the existing OFC network. By
assigning unique IP addresses to these digital devices on the Ethernet it would be possible to
control and / or monitor from any authorized location on the network.
The digital cameras utilize Super Dynamic function to capture natural images at
entryways, near windows, and in other locations with harsh contrasts between light and dark. It
automatically stores images in repose to inputs form motion detectors and external sensor alarms
and can send images automatically as e-mail attachments. In addition, this colour camera can
also control external devices, turning on lighting or starting a surveillance recorder working. Its
Day/Night switching function automatically switches to black-and white recording when
available light is low. Thus, this single Security camera can deliver 24–hour surveillance. The
camera is designed for monitoring over a WAN or over the Internet a snap. Its sophisticated
surveillance functions make this network security camera of choice for a wide range of settings.
Analogue vs Digital ?
TAPE CHANGE
VCR Records (Analgoue) DVR Recorders (Digital )
Users are required and relied upon to
change tapes at regular intervals
With the memory box solution no tapes
ever need to be changed. Even with the
DLT solution there is a buffer to give
leeway fro tape changing
While tapes are being changed recording
is not taking place.
Duplex recording solves this problem, the
system is always recording
TAPE WEAR
VCR Records (Analgoue) DVR Recorders (Digital )
VHS tapes should be replaced after 10-
12 passes. Tapes used in Time Lapse
mode or searched through frequently will
wear out even faster. The quality of
recording will diminish even after a few
passes.
The Data stored on Mitsubishi systems is
digital, therefore no loss of quality can
occur.
MAINTENANCE
VCR Records (Analgoue) DVR Recorders (Digital )
Units must be maintained on a regular
basis. This level of maintenance is
necessary due to the high number of
moving parts in a VCR.
The MEDSS solution eliminates this
constant need for maintenance.
This involves cleaning / replacing the
heads, replacing gears, even replacing in
VCR.
The only moving parts are the HDD, but
these have a very high life expectancy.
BREAKDOWN
VCR Records (Analgoue) DVR Recorders (Digital )
Breakdown of VCR’s are more liley due
to the number of moving parts.
Due to the low amount of moving parts in
the MEDSS solution the likelihood of a
breakdown is grately decreased
No one may notice this problem for some
time.
The DS system incorporates a “Watchdog
card” which continuously monitors the
system and alerts the user of a problem.
This results in lost recording which is
unacceptable.
PLAY BACK
VCR Records (Analgoue) DVR Recorders (Digital )
In existing VCR’s the recording must be
stopped if the video is to be retrieved.
Duplex operation removes this aspect.
This can be solved by a second VCR
resulting in extra cost and is more
susceptible to human error.
Again duplex operation is the answer.
Tape swapping for review is a logistic
challenge when cataloguing tapes.
When using purely HDD storage, no taps
are used.
Searching for an incident can be time
consuming. This can lead to incident
review being ignored.
The searching capabilities of the system
cut down on review time. This means all
incidents be easily reviewed.
DEGRADATION OF QUALITY OVER TIME
VCR Records (Analgoue) DVR Recorders (Digital )
Due to wear and the quality of the
recordings decrease with time
Digital recording eliminates degradation
and copy quality is close to cloning.
IP BASED SURVELLIANCE CCTV SYSTEM
Introduction:
CCTV records images on videocassettes, so emergency personnel can’t view the event
live. Therefore, they often don’t kbnow an emergency is occurring or jhow serious it is. If they
are informed of an emergency these first responders can’t understand its circumstances or
context through CCTV. They see the event only after viewing the video, which is usually long
after it’s over.
In some cases, authorities can’t ever view the event. Savvy employees often take the tape
with them as they leave the scene. Therefore, a successor suystem is needed one that delivers
secure, real time images of an emergency as well as the flexibility to snow both full-motion and
still images.
More and more, companies ;are installing internet-based IP surveillance as a far superior
alternative to CCTV. This technology offers real-time delivery of video and still images from a
crime or emergency scene via LAN or the Inmternet.
In the nutshell, IP surveillance requires a cable network and Internet technology to
transmit images from analog cameras and/or IP cameras over public networks. These systems
allow live streaming video and still image transfer(both one-way and two-way) at an average of
30 frames per second into a standard, easy to use Web browser, so video can be viewed in real
time from police cars and other emergency vehicles. IPbased systems deliver a great deal of
additional functionality. For instance, they provide motion detection, auto time and data stamps,
easy transfer of visuals, and preand post-alarm messaging. Authorized personnel can log on to
the system remotely to see what’s happening in their offices and businesses.
Most users also have discovered that IP surveillance is very affordable, since companies
already have many components of the system in place(such as IP network and broadband
connectivity). IP-based str4eaming video surveillance lets organizations monitor, prevent and/or
respond to emergency situations more effectively and affordably, via the Internet. Thus, the
Physical safety of a company’s vital human and business assets is far more secure and protected.
The diagram below suggests Digital IP CCTV system to be implemented in VSP
IP based CCTV surveillance system configuration
CCD CAMERA OPERATION A CCD camera uses a small ,rectangular piece of silicon wafer rather than a piece of
film to receive incoming light . this is a rectangular special piece of silicon called a charge –
coupled device(ccd).This silicon wafer is a solid state electronic component ,which has bee
micro manufactured and segmented into an array of individual light sensitive cell called photo
sites .Each photo site is one element of the whole picture that is formed ,thus it is called a pcture
element ,or pixel.The more common CCD’s found in cam coders and others commercially used
equipment have a pixel array that is few hundred photosites wide(e.g.,500x300,or 320x
200)yielding tens of thousands os pixels.since most CCD’s are only about ¼” or 1/3” when
measured diagonally, each of the many thousands of pixels are only about 10 millionths of a
meter(4-ten thousandths of an inch)wide!
The photo sites accomplish their task of sensing incoming light through the
photoelectric effect ,which is a characterization of the action of certain materials to release an
electron when hit a photon of light.The electrons emitted within the ccd are fenced with in the
nonconductive boudaries ,so that they remain within the area of the photon strike.as long as light
is allowed to impinge on a photo site ,electrons will accumulate in the pixel ,when the source of
light is extinguished computer s are used to unload the CCD pixel array sequentially,count the
electrons in each pixel,and process the resulting sig data into an image on video monitor or other
output media.
Finally ,there are two characteristics of CCD’s which are factors that must be
considered in making a final astronomical image:1)since they are electronic components CCD’s
are sensitive to heat within the camera as well as light from the object of intrest and 2)the
individual photosites in the CCD array may vary significantly in their sensitivity to both heat and
light.first this means that the electrons generated by heat rather than ny light need tobe subtracted
from the final tally of electrons in each pixel so that a truer image can be rendered. This is
called”dark subtraction”. Second the variance in electron depth across the CCD array due to
inherent differenceamong the pixels needs to be leveled by dividing each pixel value by array’s
average pixel value . this is called flat fielding
Dark substraction is accomplished by subtracting by a dark frame from the object image (called
a light frame ).taking a exposure while the ccd ismaintained in complet e darkness creates the
dark frame . this exposure must be the same duration as the light frame and be made with the ccd
at the same temperature as during the light frame so that electrons generated during the dark
frame replicate the heat generated electrons present in the light frame.
Flat field images are made by taking a picture of an evenly illuminated scene,such as the sky at
dusk or the flat gray interior of an observatory dome. The resultant image shows the inherent
variances in pixel value across the ccd array due to differencesin photosite sensitivity or to dust
specks or vignette in the optical system .Image processing software use mathematical algorithms
to divide all pixel values in the flat field image by the array’s average pixel value.The results are
then correlated ,pixel-by-pixel,against the array values in the light image to produce a better
representation of the object of interest.
In the final stage of image production ,the light frame(object image)is adjusted by first
having an appropriate dark frame subtracting and then having an appropriate flat field divided
into an image.this process is called image calibarationand results in truer noisy image
Benefits of Digital IP CCTV:
●Remote access any time, anywhere:
We can access real-time video images at time from any computer anywhere, saving
time and traveling costs. The video can be stored at remote locations for convenience and/or
data backup. Cameras can be viewed and controlled from any point on the network
. ●High resolution:
Software based video recording and retrieval. Excellent live video quality.
●Functionality:
Network video programs can be programmed for a wide range of applications. IP-
base recording is highly compressed for easier storage and can be transported over a variety
of media. Adjustable frame rates.
●Scalability:
Designed to provide plug-and-play simplicity for small installations and flexibility
for integration into larger, more professional applications. Additional cameras can be added
anywhere on the network without additional cabling.
●Ease of installation:
Everything needed to connect and start streaming video is built into the device,
which reduces installation time and simplifies network management.
●Reliability:
Several levels of password protection and a tamper-free network appliance design
deliver the most reliable operation.
●Future proof:
Use of open standard protocols and networks for manufacturers. Standard IP video
compression techniques are used.
●Cost-effective infrastructure:
Significantly reduces the cabling and installation costs associated with wide systems.
●Flexibility:
IP-video systems can be implemented without degradation to the overall
performance of the IT network-they can be easily fitted to existing LAN/WANs. It can be placed
anywhere.We can connect the product to a LAN, DSL, modem, wireless adapter or cell phone. Can
easily integrate with existing CCTV systems.
●Wide area connectivity:
Can be used over large distances compared to the traditional CCTV system.
IMPLEMENTATION OF CCTV:
In order to implement digital IP CCTV in VSP, the following items are
essential: digital IP cameras, Lenses, Net DVRs, Encoders and Decoders, Camera control
equipment, Monitors, transmitters and receivers to be added to the network. The design
envisages using ordinary cameras as well as day and night cameras for complimenting the
efforts of security personnel.
SOME IP CAMERAS AND LENSES USED IN CCTV ARE:
7100 SERIES MEGAPIXEL CAMERA:
The Cohu 7100 Series is more than just a camera: it’s a suite of
intelligent surveillance tools combined in a multi-megapixel, high resolution CMOS camera.
The 7100 Series is essentially a Unix derived computing device combined with a high
resolution, progressive scan CMOS sensor and Ethernet interface. The imager has a
minimum of 1288 (horizontal) x 1028 (vertical) pixels. The Ethernet interface is 10/100B
ase-T.
Specifications:
●Camera Format: model dependent, from 1280x1024 to 2048x1536
●Input Voltage: 24 Vac (interior model) or 115 Vac (model dependent)
●Exterior Housing: Sealed and pressurized barrel style, IP67 rated
●Temperature (Operating): –40°C to 60°C (no heaters are used)
By providing computing power on board the camera, virtually every task that
the camera is required to perform is accomplished without external computers or programs.
The JPEG image compression can be configured for low-bandwidth networks and maximum
bandwidth efficiency while still providing high quality video. On-board features include on-
chip digital image manipulation, user-defined motion detection windows, alarm
input/outputs, and built-in web page viewer. So, this camera can be used at BF, SMS, CCD,
Rolling Mills, LMMM, WRM, MMSM departments, etc.
The chart below was used to identify the camera option that
matches the project requirements for image sizes, down sampling, and quality.
Camera
Option
Resolution (Max.
image size)
Frame Rate at 704 Hx 480V
resolution
301 1280 H x 1024 V 6 ips
302 1600 H x 1200 V 6 ips
303 2048 H x 1536 V 6 ips
601 1280 H x 1024 V 100+ ips
602 1600 H x 1200 V 100+ ips
603 2048 H x 1536 V 100+ ips
LENSES:
1) CS MOUNT MANUAL IRIS LENS:
Specifications:
♦2.8mm manual iris
♦Super wide angle lens
♦CS mount lens
♦F1.4/angle: 95 degrees
2) AUTO-IRIS VARI-FOCAL LENS:
Specifications:
♦1/3" image format
♦6-15mm vari-focal lens
♦Auto iris (DC)
♦F1.4
♦CS mount
♦Angle of view:48.1-18.6 degrees
♦56 x 42 x 48mm
COMPUTER VIDEO LENS:
Computer video lenses include megapixel, telecentric, macro, zoom
lenses. They are ideal for machine vision applications. They provide the flexibility to get the
precise angle of view for image processing, automated inspection, gauging and other factory
automations. These lenses are to be used in BF,SMS, Sinter Plant, etc. These can be used in
Instrumentation Department and this helps in monitoring and controlling the process so that
product quality is improved, yield is maximized, energy consumption is optimal and safety of the
plant is ensured.
POWER OVER ETHERNET:
Power over Ethernet (PoE) is a revolutionary technology that integrates data, voice and
power over standard LAN infrastructure. It is the means to supply reliable, uninterrupted power
to IP telephones, wireless LAN access points, network cameras and other Ethernet devices, using
existing, commonly used cable infrastructure.
Power over Ethernet technology saves time and cost of installing separate
power cabling, AC outlets and wall warts, as well as
eliminates the need for a dedicated UPS for individual devices. The power delivered over the
infrastructure is automatically activated when a compatible terminal is identified, and then
blocked to legacy devices that are not compatible.
The PoE technology is to be designed in a way that does not degrade the
network data communication performance or decrease the network reach.
The Endspan – PoE enabled Ethernet switch. Power is supplied
directly from the data ports.
The Midspan – A patch-panel like device, residing between an
ordinary Ethernet switch and the terminals, often referred to as midspan. Power is added on
the spare wires, with data uninterrupted.
Benefits of PoE:
◙ Simple means for resetting IP cameras. IP cameras, as complex devices, may need to be
reset from time to time. By using PoE, resetting becomes a trivial matter, enabling reset via
the camera’s respective PoE port.
◙ Easy changes to camera positions as needed. Altering a camera position, no longer requires
new AC installation. It is even possible to experiment the camera position to achieve the
ultimate camera results.
◙ UPS back up for the security network. By backing up of the PoE midspan in the
communication room, the entire camera network can continue operation during a power
outage.
◙ Assured safety with advanced line terminal detection. Line detection is the
technology, which enables safe installation without worrying at high voltage damages to
laptops, desktops and other non-power ready devices, due to a misplaced connection.
A faulty camera or an access control terminal can be detected and shut
down preventing damage to expensive switches and patch panels in the Ethernet network.
The detection is one of the reasons the power over LAN midspan is much more than an
intelligent power source.
The Ethernet lines run from the network switch, sometimes through a patch
panel, out of the communication room and connect to the digital cameras and analog to video
gateways (see below figure). Adding PoE cables the cameras to be powered through the same
cabling infrastructure, providing the most cost effective solution. When the switch is already
installed, the simplest means to add PoE is by adding a dedicated PoE midspan.
CCTV CAMERA
IP speed dome Day and Night colour camera :
1. Sensor – 1/6” CCD type Super HAD
2. Type – IP Speed Dome colour camera with accessories, PTZ motor and vandal proof
enclosure of IP 65 rating.
3. Interface- TCP/IP , 10/100 Base – T RJ 45 Ethernet ports dual for LAN/WAN
4. Compression format –MPEG4 Hardware compression
5. Protocol supported – FTP, SNMP, TCP/IP, HTTP, ARP, DDNS, DHCP, RPT/RTCP,
IGMP
6. QOS –enabled Layer 2, Layer 3
7. Sensitivity – Day & Night vision Min 0.08 Lux at F = 1.4 night
8. Day & Night switch over – Auto with ICR Technology
9. Control – Remote PAN / TILT / Zoom using TCP/IP command set
10. Panning : 340O, Tilting : 90O range
11. Zooming Optical – 25X
12. Zooming Digital -12X
13. Shutter – On/Off (Max. ¼)
14. Focal length – 1.4 to 73.8 mm
15. Motion Detection – to be provided with multiple sensitivity windows
16. Effective Pixels – 800 K for PAL system
17. Min. Lumination – Normal mode : 3 Lux F= 1.4, 1/50 sec, Night mode : 0.08 lux F =
1.4, 1/3 sec., Slow shutter mode : 0.2 lux, F : 1.4, 1/3 sec.,
18. Presets - 64 points
19. Image Frame Rate – 25 fps at 720 x 576 resolution (PAL)
20. Output – 2x RJ45 (LAN/WAN)
21. Serial Port – 1 x RJ45 port RS485 FOR PTZ CONTROL
22. Video output – 1 x composite BNC 75 Ohms
23. Operating temperature – 0 to 50 degree C
24. Client software supported –Win 2000, win XP
25. Power supply – Input 230 V AC with a suitable adapter
26. Web Browser support – Internet Explorer, Netscape navigator
27. Security – User authorization needed for protecting camera access
a. 28) Accessories- Vandal proof enclosure, AC power adapter, AC power cable,
camera software in CD, user manual, RJ 45 UTP cable / cord (2 meters), one spike
buster with 3 pin 5 Amps individual switch and sockets to be accommodated inside
vandal proof enclosure, suitable brackets and other hardware for pole / roof /
structure / wall mount facility as required at site.
Light guide Interconnect Unit (LIU):
1. Shall be made of standard powder coated metal construction and suitable for wall mounting
or 19” switch rack mounting as required.
2. Shall have provision for fiber cables entry, fiber reeling spools for maintaining minimum
bending radius, and suitable arrangement of dressing & physical protection of fiber cores.
3. Shall have management rings within the system to accommodate excess fiber cordage behind
the through adapters and maintain min. bending radius.
4. Shall have built-in label facility, an open-able top cover . front two doors, mounting aid,
adapter rails and other mounting hardware, etc.
5. Shall be suitable for terminating 12 numbers of fiber cores (with pigtail arrangements for
SC/MTRJ connectors as required ) and all the slots are to be loaded with SC adapters /
couplers of multi-mode & dust covers as required.
6. Shall be of 1 U height for rack mount or 300 x 300 x 80 mm box type for wall mount
respectively.
7. Shall have a fiber splice tray for accommodating incoming fusion spliced fiber cores to pig
tails.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS :
Network Attached Storage : Shall have the following parameters :
1. Processor system – CPU Intel Pentium 4 processor min 3.06 GHz
2. FSB – 533/400 MHz
3. Memory – 3 GB ECC DDR 266/200 SDRAM memory in 3 DIMM sockets
4. Storage capacity – Minimum 1000 GB (1 Teri byte = 250 GB x 4) expandable to 5000
GB with same make expansion storage device
5. Type of drive - IDE
6. Storage – Hard disk drive bay X 4
7. HDD – Hot swappable
8. Mounting – 1 U height, 19” Rack mountable.
9. I/O Interface – Serial ATA, SCSI
10. Interface – 10/100/1000 RJ 45 Ethernet port X 2
11. PCI slots – 2 nos. 64 bit
12. Serial Port – 1 no. Com port
13. Protocol – TCP / IP
a. Operating Systems supported – Windows 2000, windows XP or windows storage
server 2003.
14. RAID configuration – RAID 5
15. Authentication – Watermarking
16. Search – Time, Date, Event
17. Recording – Camera name assignment
18. Activation – Continuous, Scheduled, Alarm triggered
19. Capacity – Capable of recording 100 cameras simultaneously.
20. Recording Format - MPEG 4
21. Recording speed – up to 30 fps per camera
22. Power supply 230 V AC with suitable adapter
23. Operating temperature - 0 to 40 degree C
a. Accessories – Suitable 6U, 19” rack as per spec., NAS software in CD’s user
manual, RJ 45 UTP cable / cord (2 meters), AC pow4er cable
SOFTWARE:
1. Support – IP video surveillance with corporate feature set
2. Control – up to 64 cameras per server
3. Scalability – Easily scalable for future expansions
4. Compatibility – IP video products like MJPEG, MPEG4, etc.,
5. Remote access – for surveillance system from any place and time
6. Architecture – LAN technology
7. Support – To support simultaneous viewing of 16 camera images on the desk top PC’s
connected in the LAN.
8. Recording technology – high speed database holding JPEG images, MPEG4 steams
9. Audio recording - Multi channel with instant playback
10. Monitoring – Dual, triple computer monitor viewing with hotspot window
11. Searching – Instantly based on date / time and activity / alarm (Video motion detection)
12. Evidence – To be generated as a printed report as a JPEG image or as an AVI film with
date and time
13. PTZ control – Pan / Tilt / Zoom preset position up to 25 positions per camera, IPIX
technology, remote PTZ camera control, VMD sensitive PTZ patrolling
14. Motion detection –Built-in, real time, fully adjustable Video Motion Detection, can speed
up number of frames when motion is detected or an event occurs.
15. Administration & Integration – Hourly to daily database archiving options, multi
threaded 32-bit programming technology, DNS support
16. Remote client – 16 user license, remote viewing of live video from 1-16 cameras
simultaneously, browse and play back recorded images from 1 -16 cameras from same or
different servers simultaneously, advanced user profiles via he camera – to – user
assignment function, support for importing static maps of locations, view or playback
camera images from multiple servers simultaneously, control your PTZ cameras
remotely, view alarm summaries remotely
SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION UNIT :
1. Technology – Centrino mobile technology
2. CPU* Intel Pentium – 4 processor with HT, 2.8 GHZ or more
3. Monitor – 17” colour monitor
4. Chipset – 865 GV or latest
5. Video memory – Intel extreme graphics 2 with up to 64 MB shared
6. Key board – Windows / internet Key board
7. RAM – one GB expandable up to 2 GB
8. Hard Disk -80 GB HDD (Four equal partitioned ) with 7200 rpm minimum
9. Floppy drive – 3.5” FDD
10. CD ROM drive – 48x /32x/48x/16x CD-RW/DVD-ROM combo drive
11. Modem – 56 KBPS internal modem
12. Network care - 10/ 100/1000 Mbps Ethernet card
13. Wireless LAN card- PCMCIA type IEEE 802.11 b/g wireless LAN card
14. Video card –AGP with minimum 1024 x 768 resolution
15. Mouse – Optical wheel mouse with mouse pad
16. I/O ports – one serial, one parallel port or USB to serial converter, six USB 2.0 ports
(two ports on front side), one type 2 PCMCIA port, integrated secure digital (SD) flash
media slot
17. Spike buster-one no. 230 V Ac, 3/5 pin, 5 Amps, 5 universal sockets spike-buster with
individual switches
18. Anti-glare screen – To be provided for monitor
19. Memory stick – one no.1 GB detachable Thumb drive and USB cable extender
20. Audio card – Integrated audio with line in, line out, microphone ports
21. Power supply – 230 V AC working system
22. Operating System – Windows 2003 Server licensed version preloaded and media CD to
be provided and shall support IP cameras, NAS, Enterprise software for viewing and
control
23. Other software’s – MS office 2003 home edition, Norton / Mc Affe anti-Virus 2004 or
latest, other related software for IP speed dome cameras, switches, management software,
G.SHDSL modem software, NAS software, etc., in CD medium.
24. Other accessories – Dust covers, ten nos. CD-RW, Cat 6 RJ 45 UTP patch cord ( 2
meters)
NETWORK SWITCH :
1. RJ 45 ports – 4 nos. of auto negotiating 10/100/1000 Mbps RJ45 ports.
2. Fiber ports – One No. of up linking 100 base Fx port including transceivers suitable for
connecting to the core / workgroup switch.
3. OSI layer – Layer 2 functionalities.
4. Status indicators – required for all ports
5. Mounting facility – Suitable for m mounting in 19” switch rack of 4 U heights with
mounting arrangements.
6. Console port – F or switch configuration and management. Console cable has to be
supplied
7. Fiber patch cords – Two nos. 62.5 / 125 microns MMF fiber patch cords ( 2 meters)
suitable for up linking ports are to be supplied with required connectors and as per
specification.
8. UTP patch cords- four nos. of Cat 6 UTP patch cords (2 meters) with factory crimped RJ
45 connecters and as per specification shall be supplied.
9. Power supply – Operation on 180-240 V AC of 50 Hz.
10. Standards and features – RMON, SNMP, VLAN, UDP, ICMP, TELNET, TCP/IP etc.
11. Software – Latest version of software released for that model by the manufacturer.
12. Warranty – Covered under warranty for three years from switch manufacturer.
13. Accessories – One 4 U height, 19” rack as per specification.
G.SHDSL (Symmetric High-Speed Digital Subscriber Line) Modem
1. Type – G.SHDSL bride / router (LAN extender)
2. LAN: Interface- RJ 45, Ethernet – 10 base – T, 100 base – Tx, Data rate 10/100 Mbps,
Full / Half-Duplex
3. Console port – RS – 232
4. LED indicator : General – PWR, WAN-LNK, ACT, LAN LNK/ACT, 100 M
5. Routing – IP , RIPv1 / RIPv2, Static, NAT, DHCP server, DNS relay and caching
6. Bridging – IEEE802.1D transparent learning bridge
7. Configuration -Console (RS 232), Telnet, Web (HTTP), Password control
8. Network management – SNMPv1/SNMPv2 agent, MIB II
9. ATM : Up to 8 PVC’s, UBR / CBR traffic shaping, AAL5, OAMF5 loop back, ATM
Forum UNI 4.0.
PP – PPP over Ethernet, ATM, User authentication with PAP/CHAP/MS-CHAP
10. EMC/EMI-FCC, CE compliant
Distance support – Maximum upto 6.7 kms on 26 AWG copper pair and 2.3 Mbps
at 3.2 kms full duplex transfer rate.
Application – ISP solutions, SME, SOHO users, IP telephony, Web hosting
11. Power source – 230 V Ac with suitable adapter
12. Accessories- One no. Cat 6 RJ 45 UTP patch cord (2 meters), RJ 11 line cord, Modem
software in CD’s, mounting stand if any, etc.,
In order to implement digital CCTV we have to use the above specifications. At present
analog cameras are in use hence DVR based LAN based CCTV system was suggested. For new
installation where LAN based cameras are used they can be integrated into the LAN using the
following equipment.
At present above equipment are new to the market and are relatively costly, in future as and
when they become popular it is recommended to use them due to their technical supremacy over
DVR systems.
DESIGN OF IP BASED CCTV SYSTEM IN VSP
NETWORK OF VSP
Visakhapatnam Steel Plant (VSP) presently is having IBM 3090 catering the need of various
computer application running on it, for the entire plant. This mainframe computer system is
associated with it’s SNA network for catering the needs of mainframe connection to various
units of plant. As this system is old and outdated the entire Mainframe system is being replaced
with new computer system of open standard (i.e. client server system).
Below we discussed about the Client Server Technology
The total plant is divided into three zones .Each zone is provided with a zonal
server connected to central system at computer center.One typical system located at sms is given
below.similiar systems are available for CCCDand its peripherals and also one more system for
rest of the plant including BC gate and PP gate. The envisaged IP based system is linked to this
third zonal server.
Features of datacom network
The network is fiber optic and its faster with PIV PCs as user nodes.
All the applications are GUI with oracle 8i at the bancked and forms 6i /Reports 6i as
front end.
All the screens are user friendly and information will be available at the click of mouse.
The central switch will be supported by 100/100 Mbps zonal switches and inturn will be
supported by 10/100 Mbps zonal distribution switches,catering to user node.
COMPARISON
Present Network New Network
---------------------------- ------------------------
Types of terminals
AT – ASCII Terminal PC terminals only
AP-ASCII Printer Minimum configuration
TE-IBM Terminal Pentium processor
IP-IBM Printer 64 MB RAM
PC-PC terminal 4-40 GB Hard Disk
Speed – 9.6 Kbps Speed – 10 Mbps
User Interface – CUI User Interface – GUI
No. of connection - No. of connection –
434 (working) 434 (working) 222 (free)
Features of New Computer System and Datacom Network
New network is fiber optic and it will be faster than existing network by hundred times at the
user end.
All user nodes will be Pentium PCs
All the existing applications will be converted from character based to graphical based user
interface, with Oracle-8i at the backend and forms 6i/Reprots 6i as the front end.
All the screens will be more user friendly and information will be available at the click of the
mouse.
New IBM RS/6000 servers were already installed on 1st Aug 2001.
The central switch will be supported by 100/100 Mbps zonal switches and in turns will be
supported by 10/100 Mbps zonal distribution switches, catering to the user nodes.
NEED FOR WIRELESS SYSTEMS:
☻ The existing system at converter shop of SMS is facing problems
due to the environmental conditions. The coaxial cables are getting burnt frequently due to
various accidents that are taking place on the shop floor. The system was restored several
times by rerouting the system cables. Even then cables were getting burnt at newer locations.
To overcome such problems wireless CCTV system can be implemented.
☻Hot metal is produced in Blast Furnaces, which are tall
vertical furnaces. In SMS, heat is generated by exothermic reactions of
oxidation of metalloids and temperatures rises to 1700 degree C enabling
refining and slag formation. In Coke Ovens, carbonization takes place at
1000 – 1500 degree C in absence of air for 16-18 hours. Such high
temperatures may damage the cables.
☻During the extension of the plant, offices are set up
at remote location and work is carried out over there. Carrying some
processes could not be procrastinated until the constructiuon of roads and
laying of cables is complete.
In these cases, wireless CCTV system plays a major role in
providing on line visual communication in the plant.
WIRELESS CCTV SYSTEM
A good CCTV system design should consider the best plan for existing systems as
well as new construction. Wireless systems use battery-powered radio transmitters and
receivers to connect various components such as cameras, sensors, area motion detectors,
sirens, central controllers, smoke/fire detectors and video displays.
The basic advantages of wireless systems are:
●Wireless systems are easy to install—They avoid the expensive and time-consuming task of
installing new wires in the walls of existing industry.
●Wireless systems enable we to take the components with you when moving to a new
location.
●Wireless sensors are designed to transmit a unique identification code to a controller—The
controller learns the identity of each sensor and links it to an appropriate zone. Each sensor
also transmits status information such as battery voltage, condition of the sensor switch, and
other diagnostic messages.
●Some homeowner-installed wireless security systems can be set up to record a voice
message and to call programmed numbers in the event of an alarm—This saves the cost of a
professional monitoring service.
●Wireless sensors, motion detectors, and video cameras can often be installed in locations
that are not accessible for wired equipment.
WIRELESS CCTV CAMERAS
B/W MINI WIRELESS CAMERA (2.4 GHz)(ECL-374WRLS):
Key Specifications:-
☻420 lines 0.1 Lux
☻3.6mm pinhole lens
☻Channel 1 : 2413MHz Channel 2 : 2432MHz
☻Channel 3 : 2451MHz Channel 4 : 2470MHz
☻Output power : 100mW
☻Range : 500FT l.o.s.
☻Impedance : 50 ohms
☻Power : 12 VDC
☻Current : 220 ma
2)WIRELESS COLOR PIR SENSOR CAMERA (2.4 GHz)
Key Specifications:
Non-working sensor
☻380 lines 2 Lux
☻3.6mm wide angle lens
☻Channel 1 : 2413MHz Channel 2 : 2432MHz
☻Channel 3 : 2451MHz Channel 4 : 2470MHz
☻Output power : 100mW
☻Range : 500FT l.o.s.
☻Power : 12 VDC
☻Current : 220 ma
☻Dimensions:110(L) X 70(W) X 50(D)mm
3) WIRELESS COLOR SMOKE DETECTOR CAMERA (2.4 GHz):
Key Specifications:-
☻Non-working sensor
☻380 lines 2 Lux
☻3.6mm wide angle lens
☻Channel 1 : 2413MHz Channel 2 : 2432MHz
☻Channel 3 : 2451MHz Channel 4 : 2470MHz
☻Output power : 100mW
☻Range : 500FT l.o.s.
☻Power : 12 VDC
☻Current : 220 ma
☻Dimensions:110(L) X 70(W) X 50(D)mm
TRANSMITTERS AND RECEIVERS:
1) RCA420A+220CHWAS CCTV RECEIVERS AND TRANSMITTERS
WITH 380-TV-LINE RESOLUTIO
Key Specifications/Special Features:
☻Transmission and receiving frequency:
CH1: 2,414MHz,
CH2: 2,432MHz,
CH3: 2,450MHz,
CH4: 2,468MHz
☻Working temperature: 0 to 50 degree
☻transmission power: 20mW
☻image sensor: 1/4-inch Sharp CCD
☻Valid distance: 100 meters
☻horizontal definition: 380 TV lines
☻size: 46 x 42 x 60mm
☻Frequency system: PAL/NTSC
☻power adapter: (220C) 12V or 500mA
☻Remote distance: 6 - 8 meters
☻Weight: 115g
2) RC810A+812CWAS CCTV RECEIVER WITH 500MW TRANSMISSION POWER
Key Specifications/Special Features:
☻Transmission/receiving frequency: CH1: 2, 414MHz CH2: 2,
432MHz CH3: 2, 450MHz CH4: 2, 468MHz
☻Transmission power: 500mW
☻Valid distance: 500meters horizontal
☻Frequency system: PAL/NTSC
☻Horizontal definition: 320 lines
☻Size: 68 x 52 x 100mm
☻Weight: 245g
☻Validity pixel: PAL: 628 x 582/NTSC: 510 x 492
☻PAL: 512 x 582/NTSC: 512 x 492
☻Power adapter: RC810A: DC 6V/2A 812C: DC 12V/500mA
3) RF DIGITAL TRANSMITTER – RFD28005
418 MHz, 5 Button (5 function) Key Chain Transmitter (KEY FOB). To be used with
RFD28004 Five output receiver/decoder.
Description:
When this Key Chain Transmitter is used with the 28004 receiver/decoder,
we can send and receive up to 5 remote control commands, up to a 75 foot line of sight
range. The transmitter is ready to use, it is shipped with the CR2032 battery installed. The
receiver is a 7 pin module that plugs into your Parallax Board or any solderless bread board.
The transmitter has 5 buttons, the receiver has 5 outputs. While any of the 5 buttons on the
transmitter are pressed, the corresponding output goes high for the same duration of time.
1, 2, 3, and 4 button versions of of the Key Chain Transmitter are also available.
They are all the same price as the 5 button Key Chain Transmitter.
4) LLT401T/R SOLUTION FOR TRANSMITTING CCTV VIDEO VIA UTP
Key Specifications/Special Features
☻Spec.: 4ch
☻Video:
Frequency response: DC-6MHz
Common-mode/differential-mode rejection:
15kHz-6MHz 60dB typ.
Impedance: BNC coax: 75 ohm
UTP/connector: 100 ohm or RJ-45 100 ohm
☻Control:
Receiver: 4 rang distance at option; adjustable brightness and sharpness
Transmitter: adjustable gain
☻Environment:
Temperature: 0 - +50 deg. C
Humidity: 0-95%
☻Wire type:
Spec.: 24AWG UTP CAT-5
Impedance: 100 ohm +/- 20%
DC loop resistance: 18 ohm/100M
Differential capacitance: 62pf/M (max.)
☻Power:DC 12V < 180mA
☻Surge suppression: 6000V 1.2 us x 50 us
☻Dimensions: 180 x 70 x 25mm
☻Weight: 400g
5) SINGLE CHANNEL RECEIVER (2.4 GHz)
Key Specifications/Special Features:-
☻2.4GHz audio/video trans.
☻4 channel (Selectable):
2413,2432,2451,2470MHz
☻Video input: 1 Vp-p composite
☻Audio input: 2 Vp-p (max)
☻12VDC/240mA
☻115 x 80 x 20mm
6) SWITCHER RECEIVER (2.4 GHz)
Key Specifications/Special Features:-
☻2.4GHz switcher reciever
☻4 channel (Switching): ☻2413,2432,2451,2470MHz
☻Video input: 1 Vp-p composite
☻Audio input: 2 Vp-p (max)
☻12VDC/350mA
☻190 x 134 x 33m
Conclusion:-
Iron and Steel play a significant role in the growth of the economy of the
country and in every manufacturing sector they are the most essential elements that are required.
Out of all steel industries present in India, Visakhapatnam Steel Plant (VSP) itself is one that
proved to be one of the best developing organization.
This project helped us to know the existing CCTV SYSTEM in VSP. In
order to overcome the constraints of existing, traditional CCTV system and to meet the
immediate requirements of gate monitoring and production process monitoring in VSP, this
project envisaged a solution using existing cable network.
Going digital, we can have crisp, quality images that can be stored on a
hard disk at remote locations for convenience and/or security purposes. With the implementation
of this project in VSP, visual access is ensured to critical points along the production line. We
can discover and avoid potentially dangerous incidents at an early stage. It saves money by
preventing costly production jams. It also enables to observe the physical conditions of remote
equipment to prevent potentially costly malfunctions.
It not only keeps project management informed about the real time status at a
construction site but also suggests for the optimization of a LAN based security network with
Power Over Ethernet(POE). The advanced features of the POE midspans vastly simplify the on-
going maintenance of the security network, enabling reliable, continuous operation with
minimum downtime.
One thing that we noticed in this study is the level of input given by the
employees at this work place. Every employee takes his job as a challenge and performs for the
betterment of the organization. The role played by CCTV system in this organization is highly
appreciable.
IP-based streaming video surveillance lets organization of VSP monitor,
prevent and/or respond to situations more effectively and affordably. Thus, the physical safety of
workers and organization assets are far more protected.