ip-based video surveillance system

8/8/2019 Ip-based Video Surveillance System

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IPIP--BASED VIDEOBASED VIDEO

SURVEILLANCESURVEILLANCE SYSTEMSYSTEM

(( THE ADVANCED ELECTRONIC SECURITYTHE ADVANCED ELECTRONIC SECURITYSYSTEM FOR THE FUTURESYSTEM FOR THE FUTURE))


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VIDEO SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM VIDEO SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM

SURVEILLANCE = VIGILANCE = STRONG WATCHSURVEILLANCE = VIGILANCE = STRONG WATCH

The electronic security system consisting someThe electronic security system consisting some

sophisticated devices which is used for a strongsophisticated devices which is used for a strong

vigilance (from the security point of view) isvigilance (from the security point of view) is

called a video surveillance system.called a video surveillance system.

IPIP-- based video surveillance systembased video surveillance system ::

Since this system usesSince this system uses voicevoice--video managementvideo management

devices that are IPdevices that are IP-- addressableaddressable, it is known as, it is known asIPIP-- based video surveillance system.based video surveillance system.


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WHAT IS AN IP ADDRESSWHAT IS AN IP ADDRESS ??

Every machine on the Internet has a unique identifying number,Every machine on the Internet has a unique identifying number,

called ancalled an IP AddressIP Address..

A typical IP address looks like this:A typical IP address looks like this: 216.27.61.137216.27.61.137

IP addresses are normally expressed in decimal format as aIP addresses are normally expressed in decimal format as a""dotted decimal numberdotted decimal number" like the one above. But computers" like the one above. But computerscommunicate incommunicate in binarybinary form. Look at the same IP address inform. Look at the same IP address in

binarybinary::

11011000.00011011.00111101.1000100111011000.00011011.00111101.10001001 The four numbers in an IP address are called octets, becauseThe four numbers in an IP address are called octets, because

they each have eight positions when viewed in binary form. Ifthey each have eight positions when viewed in binary form. Ifyou add all the positions together, you get 32, which is why IPyou add all the positions together, you get 32, which is why IP

addresses are consideredaddresses are considered 3232--bit numbersbit numbers..


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The four numbers in an IP address are calledThe four numbers in an IP address are called octetsoctets, because, becausethey each have eight positions when viewed in binary form.they each have eight positions when viewed in binary form.

The octets are split into two sections:The octets are split into two sections: NetNet andand HostHost..

The Net section always contains the first octet. It is used toThe Net section always contains the first octet. It is used toidentify the network that a computer belongs to.identify the network that a computer belongs to.

Host (sometimes referred to asHost (sometimes referred to as NodeNode) identifies the actual) identifies the actualcomputer on the network. The Host section always contains thecomputer on the network. The Host section always contains thelast octet.last octet.

Since each of the eight positions can have two different statesSince each of the eight positions can have two different states(1 or 0) the total number of possible combinations per octet is(1 or 0) the total number of possible combinations per octet is28 or 256. So each octet can contain any value between28 or 256. So each octet can contain any value between00 andand255255. Combine the four octets and you get 232 or a possible. Combine the four octets and you get 232 or a possible4,294,967,2964,294,967,296 unique valuesunique values!!

Out of the almost 4.3 billion possible combinations, certainOut of the almost 4.3 billion possible combinations, certainvalues are restricted from use as typical IP addresses. Forvalues are restricted from use as typical IP addresses. Forexample, the IP addressexample, the IP address 0.0.0.00.0.0.0 is reserved for the defaultis reserved for the defaultnetwork and the addressnetwork and the address 255.255.255.255255.255.255.255 is used foris used forbroadcastsbroadcasts..


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SYSTEM COMPONENTSSYSTEM COMPONENTS

The system components are broadly divided into the following two categories :The system components are broadly divided into the following two categories :

Hardware componentsHardware components

1.1. IP cameraIP camera

2.2. Video Server Video Server

3.3. Internet Router Internet Router

4.4. IP network switchIP network switch

5.5. Storage deviceStorage device

6.6. PTZ controller PTZ controller

7.7. DVRDVR

Software componentsSoftware components

1.1. MPEGMPEG--4 video compression4 video compression

2.2. ADPCM Audio compressionADPCM Audio compression

3.3. RTP/RSTP video streamingRTP/RSTP video streaming

4.4. PC supervision applicationPC supervision application

5.5. Video security over IPVideo security over IP

6.6. IP camera monitoring softwareIP camera monitoring software


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1.IP camera1.IP camera

Surveillance IP camera systems isSurveillance IP camera systems isan appliance that has embeddedan appliance that has embeddedimage capture capabilities whichimage capture capabilities whichthen transmits over communicationthen transmits over communicationnetworksnetworks

The cameras are highlyThe cameras are highlyconfigurable and feature optionsconfigurable and feature optionssuch as multiple password access,such as multiple password access,image compression, motion alertsimage compression, motion alertsand more.and more.

On the other hand, IP cameraOn the other hand, IP camerasystems handle motion detection,systems handle motion detection,

event triggers, and alert automationevent triggers, and alert automation(via e(via e--mail, pager or phone call),mail, pager or phone call),and have a multitude of options forand have a multitude of options forchanging frame rates, resolutionchanging frame rates, resolutionand timed record cycles.and timed record cycles.


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In Short : AnIP cameraIn Short : AnIP camera What is anIP Camera?What is anIP Camera?

A network camera can be described as a camera and computerA network camera can be described as a camera and computercombined into one unit. It connects directly to the network ascombined into one unit. It connects directly to the network asany other network device. A network camera has its own IPany other network device. A network camera has its own IPaddress and builtaddress and built--in computing functions to handle networkin computing functions to handle networkcommunication. Everything needed for viewing images over thecommunication. Everything needed for viewing images over the

network is built into the unit.network is built into the unit.

Key Features ofIPKey Features ofIP

1.1. AlarmAlarm

2.2. Motion DetectionMotion Detection

3.3. Video RecordingVideo Recording

4.4. Email NotificationEmail Notification5.5. Remote Camera Operation for Wide / Detailed ViewsRemote Camera Operation for Wide / Detailed Views

6.6. Pan / Tilt / Zoom ControlPan / Tilt / Zoom Control and many moreand many more


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DIFFERENT IP CAMERASDIFFERENT IP CAMERAS


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BLOCK DIAGRAM OF IP CAMERABLOCK DIAGRAM OF IP CAMERA


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OTHERCATEGORIESOTHERCATEGORIES

Different types of IP cameras can be used dependingDifferent types of IP cameras can be used depending

upon the range and requirements of the applicationupon the range and requirements of the application

such as:such as:

1.1. Wireless IP cameraWireless IP camera2.2. Night vision IP CameraNight vision IP Camera

3.3. Power range IP cameraPower range IP camera

4.4. WiWi--fi wireless IP camerafi wireless IP camera

5.5. IP based USB camera and many more.IP based USB camera and many more.


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VIDEO SERVERVIDEO SERVER

A video server digitizesA video server digitizes

analogue video signals andanalogue video signals and

sends digital images directlysends digital images directly

over an IP network, such asover an IP network, such as

a LAN, intranet or Internet.a LAN, intranet or Internet.

It essentially turns anIt essentially turns an

analogue video system intoanalogue video system into

a network video system anda network video system and

enables users to view liveenables users to view live

images using a Web browserimages using a Web browseror an application softwareor an application software

on any local or remoteon any local or remote

computer on a networkcomputer on a network..


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TYPICAL CONNECTION OF A VIDEO SERVERTYPICAL CONNECTION OF A VIDEO SERVER

WITH IP CAMERAWITH IP CAMERA


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ROUTERROUTER

A router is the only device thatA router is the only device thatexamines each bundle of data as itexamines each bundle of data as itpasses and makes a decision aboutpasses and makes a decision aboutexactly where it should go. To makeexactly where it should go. To makethese decisions, routers must firstthese decisions, routers must firstknow about two kinds ofknow about two kinds ofinformation:information: addressesaddresses andand networknetwork

structurestructure .. A router, then, has two separate butA router, then, has two separate but

related jobs:related jobs:

The router ensures that informationThe router ensures that informationdoesn't go where it's not needed.doesn't go where it's not needed.This is crucial for keeping largeThis is crucial for keeping largevolumes of data from clogging thevolumes of data from clogging the

connections of "innocentconnections of "innocentbystanders."bystanders."

The router makes sure thatThe router makes sure thatinformation does make it to theinformation does make it to theintended destination.intended destination.


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NETWORK SWITCHNETWORK SWITCH

Switches are anotherSwitches are anotherfundamental part offundamental part ofmany networksmany networksbecause they speedbecause they speed

things up. Switchesthings up. Switchesallow different nodes (aallow different nodes (anetwork connectionnetwork connectionpoint, typically apoint, typically acomputer) of a networkcomputer) of a network

to communicate directlyto communicate directlywith one another in awith one another in asmooth and efficientsmooth and efficientmanner.manner.


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TYPICAL CENNECTION OF SWITCHTYPICAL CENNECTION OF SWITCH


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STOR AGE DEVICESTOR AGE DEVICE

These are the devices that areThese are the devices that areused to store the informationused to store the informationfor a long period.for a long period.

The different storage devicesThe different storage devicesare:are:

1.1. Optical storage deviceOptical storage device

2.2. Magnetic reflectorMagnetic reflector

3.3. VHS tapeVHS tape

4.4. Single hard diskSingle hard disk

5.5. Standalone cpuStandalone cpu

6.6. Ultra high density drivesUltra high density drives

and many more.and many more.

These storage devices storeThese storage devices storethe data using any of thethe data using any of thefollowing techniques:following techniques:

1.1. InIn--phase technologyphase technology

2.2. 3D3D--holographic storageholographic storagetechnologytechnology


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PTZ CONTROLLERPTZ CONTROLLER

PTZ stands for panPTZ stands for pan--tilttilt--zoomzoom

This device is also known asThis device is also known as IP keyboard.IP keyboard.

This device actually controls the pan, tilt and zoomThis device actually controls the pan, tilt and zoom(PTZ) movements of a video camera based on its IP(PTZ) movements of a video camera based on its IPaddress.address.

In the present scenario most of the cameras comeIn the present scenario most of the cameras comewith the advanced features including automatedwith the advanced features including automatedPTZ.PTZ.

In addition to this the PTZ movements can be moreIn addition to this the PTZ movements can be moreeffectively controlled by some advanced versioneffectively controlled by some advanced versioncameras with higher range which are already arrivedcameras with higher range which are already arrivedto the international market.to the international market.


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DVRDVR

DVR stands for Digital VideoDVR stands for Digital VideoRecorderRecorder

A device that would let peopleA device that would let peoplerecord programs, watch themrecord programs, watch themwhen they felt like it as opposedwhen they felt like it as opposedto when the programming staffto when the programming staff

decided they should, anddecided they should, and(scariest of all) skip through the(scariest of all) skip through thecommercials!commercials!

TYPES OF DVR AVAILABLETYPES OF DVR AVAILABLE

There are three predominantThere are three predominantDVR types on the market:DVR types on the market:

1.1. TiVo,TiVo,

2.2. Replay TV andReplay TV and3.3. Ultimate TV,Ultimate TV,

TiVo being the current marketTiVo being the current marketleader. In this article, we'll learnleader. In this article, we'll learnall about DVRs and find outall about DVRs and find outwhat sets them apart from otherwhat sets them apart from otherrecording technologiesrecording technologies


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INSIDE OF A DVRINSIDE OF A DVR


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WHY DVRWHY DVR??

DVR has some special characteristics over theDVR has some special characteristics over thetraditional VCR for which it is used in wide varietytraditional VCR for which it is used in wide variety

of application.of application.

1.1. First, a DVR isFirst, a DVR is tape lesstape less. With a VCR, the device. With a VCR, the deviceitself is merely a recording tool; the blankitself is merely a recording tool; the blank cassettecassetteis the media. In a DVR, media and tool are one andis the media. In a DVR, media and tool are one andthe same. This is obviously a plus if you neverthe same. This is obviously a plus if you neverseem to be able to find a blank tape when it comesseem to be able to find a blank tape when it comestime to record something, but it can also be atime to record something, but it can also be adrawback: Because the media is harddrawback: Because the media is hard--wired intowired intothe machine, adding additional storage space isthe machine, adding additional storage space is

not possible.not possible.


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WHY DVRWHY DVR??

2.2. Perhaps the most important benefit of DVRs is thePerhaps the most important benefit of DVRs is the

unprecedented control over playback. With a VCR,unprecedented control over playback. With a VCR,

you have to wait for a program to finish recordingyou have to wait for a program to finish recording

before you can start watching it. Since there's nobefore you can start watching it. Since there's no

tape to rewind, digital recording doesn't have thistape to rewind, digital recording doesn't have this

limitation. A program that started recording 10limitation. A program that started recording 10

minutes ago can be viewed at any time, even whileminutes ago can be viewed at any time, even while

it is still recording.it is still recording.


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Interesting featuresInteresting features

3.3. Pausing Live TV?Pausing Live TV?One of the main features of a DVR, andOne of the main features of a DVR, and one that is hypedone that is hyped

heavily in product advertisements, is the ability to "heavily in product advertisements, is the ability to "pause livepause live

televisiontelevision."."

4.4. Live TV bufferLive TV buffer

DVRs allocate a certain portion of the hard drive to aDVRs allocate a certain portion of the hard drive to a live TVlive TV

bufferbuffer. They are constantly recording, and generally keep the. They are constantly recording, and generally keep the

past hour or so in the buffer. This means that if you walk intopast hour or so in the buffer. This means that if you walk into

the room 10 minutes into a movie, you can rewind by 10the room 10 minutes into a movie, you can rewind by 10

minutes and catch the beginningminutes and catch the beginning..

5.5. Search ToolsSearch ToolsSome of the most desirable features of DVRs are the toolsSome of the most desirable features of DVRs are the tools

they offer to help you find the programs you want to recordthey offer to help you find the programs you want to record ..


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TYPICAL IPTYPICAL IP -- B ASED SYSTEMB ASED SYSTEM


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APPLICATIONAPPLICATION

Home security systemsHome security systems

Monitoring of technical securityMonitoring of technical security

Educational institutionEducational institution

BanksBanks HospitalsHospitals

BPO centers and offshore officesBPO centers and offshore offices

Software firmsSoftware firms

Defense organizationsDefense organizations Shopping mallsShopping malls

Public places and lots more.Public places and lots more.


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IPIP BASED FACE RECOGNITION SYSTEMBASED FACE RECOGNITION SYSTEM


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IPIP--BASED CASHING SYSTEMBASED CASHING SYSTEM


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WHICH IS BETTER : CCTV or IPWHICH IS BETTER : CCTV or IP ??

Analog or CCTV+DVR video surveillanceAnalog or CCTV+DVR video surveillance Easy to useEasy to use ---- operates like a VCRoperates like a VCR

Changing cassettes and rewinding regularly meansChanging cassettes and rewinding regularly means

human error frequently interferes with effectivenesshuman error frequently interferes with effectiveness

Image quality is poorImage quality is poor

Storage tapes wear out over timeStorage tapes wear out over time

Storage is bulkyStorage is bulky

Uses analog recording, recording in lowUses analog recording, recording in low--gradegrade

picture quality and inability to search and trackpicture quality and inability to search and track

easilyeasily


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IPIP--based video surveillancebased video surveillance

IPIP--based recording means instant transmittal of imagesbased recording means instant transmittal of images

anywhere in the world.anywhere in the world. Can monitor multiple cameras from one remote locationCan monitor multiple cameras from one remote location

No decrease in recording quality over time or with repeatedNo decrease in recording quality over time or with repeatedreplaysreplays

Digital picture quality far superior to analogDigital picture quality far superior to analog

IPIP--base recording is highly compressed for easier storage andbase recording is highly compressed for easier storage and

can be transported over a variety of mediacan be transported over a variety of media Digital images can be encrypted for security purposesDigital images can be encrypted for security purposes

Updates and addUpdates and add--ons are relatively inexpensive throughons are relatively inexpensive throughsoftware packages and Internet computer networkingsoftware packages and Internet computer networking

Adjustable frame ratesAdjustable frame rates

Remote or shared viewing may be done over the Internet or aRemote or shared viewing may be done over the Internet or a

wireless connectionwireless connection Standard IP video compression techniques are usedStandard IP video compression techniques are used

IP surveillance cameras may be added individually or in groupsIP surveillance cameras may be added individually or in groupsaccording to your needsaccording to your needs


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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

Today, security is mandatory not just for sensitive areas butToday, security is mandatory not just for sensitive areas butfor residences, business installations and educationalfor residences, business installations and educationalinstitutions. In order to wipe out the criminal activities from itsinstitutions. In order to wipe out the criminal activities from itsroot we need an advanced and effective electronic securityroot we need an advanced and effective electronic securitysystem. In addition to this a successor system is neededsystem. In addition to this a successor system is needed

which is more accurate than the cctv system andwhich is more accurate than the cctv system and IPIP--basedbased

systems are the best alternatives.systems are the best alternatives.

ip-based video surveillance system

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