ip-udp-rtp
DESCRIPTION
IP-UDP-RTP. Computer Networking (In Chap 3, 4, 7). 건국대학교 인터넷미디어공학부 임 창 훈. IP-UDP-RTP Packet. IP header. UDP header. RTP header. Application message. RTP packet. UDP packet (segment). IP packet (datagram). transport segment from sending to receiving host - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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IP-UDP-RTP
건국대학교 인터넷미디어공학부임 창 훈
Computer Networking(In Chap 3, 4, 7)
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IP-UDP-RTP Packet
IPheader
UDPheader
RTPheader
Application message
RTP packet
UDP packet (segment)
IP packet (datagram)
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Network layer transport segment
from sending to receiving host
on sending side encapsulates segments into datagrams
on receiving side, delivers segments to transport layer
network layer protocols in every host, router
Router examines header fields in all IP datagrams passing through it
networkdata linkphysical
networkdata linkphysical
networkdata linkphysical
networkdata linkphysical
networkdata linkphysical
networkdata linkphysical
networkdata linkphysical
networkdata linkphysical
application
transportnetworkdata linkphysical
application
transportnetworkdata linkphysical
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Key Network-Layer Functions
forwarding: move packets from router’s input to appropriate router output
routing: determine route taken by packets from source to destination
Routing algorithms
analogy:
routing: process of planning trip from source to destination
forwarding: process of getting through single interchange
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1
23
0111
value in arrivingpacket’s header
routing algorithm
local forwarding tableheader value output link
0100010101111001
3221
Interplay between routing and forwarding
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Datagram networks no call setup at network layer routers: no state about end-to-end connections
no network-level concept of “connection” packets forwarded using destination host
address packets between same source-dest pair may take
different paths
application
transportnetworkdata linkphysical
application
transportnetworkdata linkphysical
1. Send data 2. Receive data
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Forwarding table
Destination Address Range Link Interface
11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000 through 0 11001000 00010111 00010111 11111111
11001000 00010111 00011000 00000000 through 1 11001000 00010111 00011000 11111111
11001000 00010111 00011001 00000000 through 2 11001000 00010111 00011111 11111111
otherwise 3
4 billion possible entries
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Longest prefix matching
Prefix Match Link Interface 11001000 00010111 00010 0 11001000 00010111 00011000 1 11001000 00010111 00011 2 otherwise 3
DA: 11001000 00010111 00011000 10101010
Examples
DA: 11001000 00010111 00010110 10100001 Which interface?
Which interface?
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IP datagram format
ver length
32 bits
data (variable length,typically a TCP
or UDP segment)
16-bit identifier
Internet checksum
time tolive
32 bit source IP address
IP protocol versionnumber
header length (bytes)
max numberremaining hops
(decremented at each router)
forfragmentation/reassembly
total datagramlength (bytes)
upper layer protocolto deliver payload to
head.len
type ofservice
“type” of data flgsfragment
offsetupper layer
32 bit destination IP address
Options (if any) E.g. timestamp,record routetaken, specifylist of routers to visit.
how much overhead with TCP?
20 bytes of TCP 20 bytes of IP = 40 bytes +
app layer overhead
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IP addressing: CIDR
CIDR: Classless InterDomain Routing subnet portion of address of arbitrary length address format: a.b.c.d/x, where x is # bits in
subnet portion of address
11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000
subnetpart
hostpart
200.23.16.0/23
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Transport services and protocols provide logical
communication between app processes running on different hosts
transport protocols run in end systems send side: breaks
application messages into segments, passes to network layer
receive side: reassembles segments into messages, passes to application layer
more than one transport protocol available to apps Internet: TCP and UDP
application
transportnetworkdata linkphysical
application
transportnetworkdata linkphysical
networkdata linkphysical
networkdata linkphysical
networkdata linkphysical
networkdata linkphysicalnetwork
data linkphysical
logical end-end transport
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Transport vs. network layer
network layer: logical communication between hosts
transport layer: logical communication between processes relies on, enhances, network layer services
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Internet transport-layer protocols reliable, in-order
delivery (TCP) congestion control flow control connection setup
unreliable, unordered delivery: UDP no-frills extension of
“best-effort” IP services not available:
delay guarantees bandwidth guarantees
application
transportnetworkdata linkphysical
application
transportnetworkdata linkphysical
networkdata linkphysical
networkdata linkphysical
networkdata linkphysical
networkdata linkphysicalnetwork
data linkphysical
logical end-end transport
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Multiplexing/demultiplexing
application
transport
network
link
physical
P1 application
transport
network
link
physical
application
transport
network
link
physical
P2P3 P4P1
host 1 host 2 host 3
= process= socket
delivering received segmentsto correct socket
Demultiplexing at rcv host:gathering data from multiplesockets, enveloping data with header (later used for demultiplexing)
Multiplexing at send host:
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How demultiplexing works host receives IP datagrams
each datagram has source IP address, destination IP address
each datagram carries 1 transport-layer segment
each segment has source, destination port number
host uses IP addresses & port numbers to direct segment to appropriate socket
source port # dest port #
32 bits
applicationdata
(message)
other header fields
TCP/UDP segment format
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UDP: User Datagram Protocol [RFC 768]
“no frills,” “bare bones” Internet transport protocol
“best effort” service, UDP segments may be: lost delivered out of order
to app connectionless:
no handshaking between UDP sender, receiver
each UDP segment handled independently of others
Why is there a UDP? no connection
establishment (which can add delay)
simple: no connection state at sender, receiver
small segment header no congestion control:
UDP can blast away as fast as desired
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UDP: more
often used for streaming multimedia apps loss tolerant rate sensitive
reliable transfer over UDP: add reliability at application layer application-
specific error recovery!
source port # dest port #
32 bits
Applicationdata
(message)
UDP segment format
length checksumLength, in
bytes of UDPsegment,including
header
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RTP runs on top of UDP
RTP libraries provide a transport-layer interface that extend UDP:
• port numbers, IP addresses• payload type identification• packet sequence numbering• time-stamping