ips connect 2015 marc mueller stoffels
TRANSCRIPT
Integrated Microgrid Technologies R&D Accelerating trajectories for deployment and commercialization
Marc Mueller-Stoffels
Director, Power Systems Integration Program
Alaska Center for Energy and Power
Terminology
• Islanded: not connected to a transmission grid. • Microgrid: a small-scale power grid that can
operate independently or in conjunction with the area's main electrical grid.
• Hybrid-Diesel: grid powered by diesel and other (renewable) power sources.
• Renewable Penetration: the fraction of renewable power (instantaneous penetration) or energy (average penetration) in the grid.
• Diesel-off: operation without (mechanical) synchronous generator.
Overview
• Alaska overview
– Specifics on Energy
• Why in-system R&D matters
• Power Systems Integration Lab
– Overview
– Project examples
• Commercialization Center
Alaska overview
Alaska overview
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Alaska overview
• Size: 1.7 million km^2 (4.7 x Germany)
• Population: 710,000 (15% Indigenous)
• Purchased from Russia in 1867 for $7.2M ($120M with inflation)
• Statehood in 1959, 49th state of the USA
• Highest Peak in North America, Denali (frmly Mt. McKinley), 6194 m
• Industry: Oil & Gas, Minerals (Ag/Cu), Fishing, Tourism
Alaska Remote Power
• 250+ remote islanded microgrids in AK: – May exhibit renewable power
penetration in excess of 300% – Have achieved >98% renewable
energy penetration – Permanently islanded =
millions of hours of `lower-48 emergency’ operation
– Function in challenging: • Technical conditions • Logistic conditions • Economic conditions • Human capacity conditions
Alaska Center for Energy and Power Mission: Develop practical and cost effective energy solutions
for Alaska and beyond.
ACEP
Power Systems Integration
Program
PSI Laboratory
AK Hydrokinetic Energy
Research Center
Tanana River Testsite
Data Acquisition and
Management
Global Applications
Program Other Research
Geothermal Exploration
Biomass Applications
Program Objective
• Support utilities operating remote systems: – System Analysis – Modeling and conceptual
design – Equipment tests and
assessment
• Support product and project developers: – In-system R&D – Product hardening and
testing – Data and models – Market analysis
WHY IN-SYSTEM R&D AND TESTING?
Shipwrecks of good intentions*
• Technology failures – Power quality – Control integration – Environmental conditions
• Engineering failures – Overestimating technology
capabilities – Underestimating complexity
• Implementation failures – Lack of information – Cutting corners – Lack of training
• Company failures – Great engineers do not always
make great business people *Will Galton
Increasing complexity
Complexity
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Power is ON!
Power is OFF! Customer-states: Power is ON or OFF. Many configurations may meet ON state.
Complexity
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Power is ON and CHEAPEST!
Power is OFF!
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Power is ON and most RELIABLE!
Power is OFF!
Complexity
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Power is ON and cheap and reliable!
Power is OFF!
Now add…
• More objectives: – Cheapest – Most reliable – Least diesel utilization – Equitable demand
management – Maintenance schedules – …
• More resources – Renewable generation – Energy storage – Demand management – …
Controlled Elements20 40 60 80 100
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Complexity kills. It sucks the life [and funds] out of developers, it makes products difficult to plan, build and test, it introduces security [and reliability] challenges and it causes end-user [customer] and administrator [and operator] frustration.
— Ray Ozzie
POWER SYSTEMS INTEGRATION LAB
Full size R&D and testing environment
500 kW grid emulator: - 480 VAC 600 A main bus - 208 VAC 600 A secondary
bus - 12 main CB switch gear - 1000 VDC 400 A DC bus
Components
• 400 kVA Cat C-15 with EasyGen 3100
• 150 kVA Detroit 50 with EasyGen 3100
• 100 kW Wind Emulator • 100 kW DC Power Source
– High slew rate – PV emulator
• 320 kVA ABB PCS100 Inverter – 450 to 1000 VDC – 250 to 450 VDC @ 250 kVA
• 540 VDC 1000 Ah VRLA Battery • 626 kVA reactive loads
– Phase imbalances possible
• 10 kA (1/4 cycle) fault emulator – Bolted p-p and p-g faults
SCADA
• 1000+ Channels – 3 to 5 Samples/s
• ElectroIndustries Shark 100 T/B meters
• Elspec G4430 PQ analyzer
• Tekron NTS • Custom server and NAS • Linux platform • netCDF file structure
– Uniform naming convention and schema
Flywheel/Inverter/Controls Integration • Hatch (lead, controls,
integration), Williams/KTSi (partner, flywheel), ABB (support, PCS100)
• Specification: – Inverter – Control interfaces – Operating modes
• Integration: – 200 kW Flywheel – ABB PCS100 – Hatch Control System
• Testing: – Power quality mitigation
strategies – Power smoothing
Hydrokinetic turbine R&D [and grid integration]
• Oceana Energy, ACEP, [Ideal Power]
• In-river turbine performance testing
• Debris interactions minimized (ACEP developed technology)
• Next up: grid integration R&D
Specification, Design, Assessment SDA Process developed by our collaborators at TU Darmstadt, Germany.
Energy Storage for Nome, AK
• Wind-diesel system
– 4 MW average demand
– 2.7 MW wind nameplate capacity
– Diesels: 1.9, 3.6, and two 5.4 MW units
• Wind power diversion to boilers at times
– Stability and minimum optimal loading issues
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Objective: Avoid or delay diesel starts by providing spinning reserve capacity (SRC) with storage.
Nome, AK: Specification
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Nome, AK: Design
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Required for meeting objective 99% of times: - 959 kW power capacity - 58 kWh energy capacity - Later design decision
required high cycle life -> flywheel
Nome, AK: Assessment
• Fuel savings with primary objective only: – 430 to 1150 gal/week
(medium to high winds)
– Slight increase in fuel use for stand-by operation
• Potential value add: – Diesel demand
smoothing
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Commercialization Center
• Program to provide: – Baseline guidance
– Business development support
– Access to investors
– Access to Power Systems Integration Team and Lab
– Information on new technologies and their performance
• Objectives: – Build microgrid
economy
– Provide accelerated pathways to commercial products that work
– Ensure that companies with good products survive
Funded by US Economic Development Administration and State of AK
Services provided
• Utilities – Technical support (planning,
design, implementation and optimization)
– Impartial technology assessment
• Technology providers – R&D environment and support – Critical technology assessment – Opportunity matching
• Regulators/Funding agencies – Support data acquisition and
management – Third-party reviews – Legislation/Regulation impact
assessment
Thank you!
Dr. Marc Mueller-Stoffels
Director, Power Systems Integration Program
Alaska Center for Energy and Power
Institute of Northern Engineering
University of Alaska Fairbanks
(907) 687 0259
http://acep.uaf.edu
Partners: US Department of Energy US Department of the Interior US Denali Commission US Economic Development Administration State of Alaska Alaska Energy Authority Alaska Power and Telephone Cordova Electric Cooperative City of Cordova Nome Joint Utility Systems Kokhanok Village Council City of Galena Power and Water Corporation, Darwin, Australia National Renewable Energy Laboratory Sandia National Laboratory Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory Oak Ridge National Laboratory Colorado State University Technical University Darmstadt, Germany ABB Shell Northern Plains Power Technology Huntley and Associates Hatch Associates Consultants Oceana Energy LLC Marsh Creek LLC