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GIAO THC IPV6 V HIN TRNG TRIN KHAI

Nguyn Thin An

(1)

, Khu Vn Hin

(1)

, ng Hong Khi

(1)

, L Tn Ti

(1)

(1)DH12TH, Khoa K Thut - Cng Ngh -Mi Trng, i Hc An Giang

Tm tt:S pht trin nhanh chng ca internet lm cho a ch IPv4(InternetProtocol version 4) cn kit. m bo s pht trin lin tc ca cc hot ngtrn internet,IPv6 sau thi gian di pht trin v th nghim, hinang c tchcc trin khai trn phm vi ton cu.Trong bi bo ny chng ti s dng mt sti liu c t v IPv6, ti liu m t hot ng ca IPv6; cc s liu, biu vhin trng trin khai IPv6,... cng vi cc nghin cu khc v giao thc mi nytrnh by vIPv6, cc c imv li ch ca vic s dnggiao thc ny.ngthi cp n hin trng trin khai IPv6 cng nhng kh khn trong qu trnhchuyn i IPv4 sang IPv6 ti Vit Nam. Qua bi bo, chng ti gp phn mangli nhng kin thc c bn nht v IPv6 cho mi ngi.

T kha:IPv6, giao thc mngth h 6, c im IPv6,hin trng trin khai IPv6.

1. GII THIU

Trong cuc sng hin i ngy nay, cng vi spht trin ca nhiu cng ngh tin tin,hin i nhm phc vnhu cu sng v lm vic ca con ngi. Trong c cng nghthngtin m c bit l sbng nca mng internetmng thng tin ton cu. mt thit bcthkt ni vo c internet i hi phi c mt a chgi l a chIPv4. Do a chIPv4c sdng rng ri trn internet.

Vi spht trin nhanh chng ca internet trong gn hai thp kva qua, ngun ti nguyna chIPv4 gn nh cn kit v hon ton khng thtip tc sdng trong tng lai. Ktnm 2003, khi tc tiu tha chIPv4 bt u tng vt do spht trin ca cc loi hnhdch vv phng thc kt ni mng tiu tn a ch, khnng cn kit ngun IPv4 ton cu trthnh chnng c bn tho nhiu trn cc din n, thng tin vhot ng ca mnginternet.[1].

Do m bo cho spht trin lin tc ca cc hot ng trn internet, giao thc miIPv6 sau thi gian di pht trin (t1993) v thnghim, sn sng thay thcho IPv4. V vychng ta cn hiu hn vchun giao thc mi IPv6 ny phc vcho qu trnh hc tp vnghin cu, nn chng ti tin hnh mt nghin cu vChun giao thc mng IPv6.

Phn tip theo ca bi bo trnh by vcu trc, cch biu din v cc loi a chIPv6. Phn3 cc c im, li ch ca giao thc mi ny. Phn cui cng l hin trng trin khai IPv6 quacc sliu thng k v mt skh khn chung khi chuyn tIPv4 ln IPv6 Vit Nam.

2.

GIAO THC IPV6 L G?2.1. Cu trc v cch biu din

Nh cp phn trn, IPv4 vi 32 bt (4 byte) chiu di c gn 4.3 ta chnhng vnkhng sdng do spht trin nhanh chng ca internet. Chnh v vy IPv6 c thit kli vi 128 bt (16 byte), biu din di dng cc cm shexa. a chIPv6 c chia lm 2phn: 64 bt u l a chnetwork, 64 bt cn li l a chhost. Phn network dng xc nhsubnet, phn ny c gn bi cc ISP (Internet Service Provide) hoc nhng tchc ln nhIANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authotity). Phn host l mt a chngu nhin da trn 48bt ca a chMAC.

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thun tin trong vic biu din v ghi nh, a ch IPv6 c chia thnh 8 nhm, minhm 16 bt (2 byte) gm 4 svit di dng hexa v mi nhm phn cch vi nhau bi du haichm :.V dnhdi y l mt a chIPv6:

1088:0000:0000:0000:0008:0800:200C:463A

a chc thvit ngn gn hnta c thlc bcc s0. Vit 0 thay v 0000, vit 8thay v 0008, vit 800 thay v 0800. a chtrn c vit li ngn gn nh sau:

1088:0:0:0:8:800:200C:463A

Tuy nhin a chtrn c vit ngn gn hn na bng cch thay thcc cm s0 lin tipbng 2 du hai chm ::.Ta vit li a chtrn nh sau:

1088::8:800:200C:463A

Cn lu l vi a ch:0:0:0:AB65:8952:0:0:0

Khng c vit li nh sau:::AB65:8952::

V sgy nhm ln khi dch ra di dng y :0:0:AB65:8952:0:0:0:0 hoc 0:0:0:0:AB65:8952:0:0a chtrn chc vit ngn gn 1 trong 2 cch di y:

::AB65:8952:0:0:0hoc0:0:0:AB65:8952::2.2. Cc loi a chIPv6 v c im tng loi.

Thha chIPv6 c nhng thay i c bn vm hnh a ch, chng ta cn nm cmt sc im sau c ci nhn tng qut.

Theo cch thc mt gi tin c truyn ti n ch, a chIPv6 bao gm ba loi: unicast,multicast, anycast nh hnh 1. Mi loi a chli gm nhiu dng a chkhc nhau. Cc dnga chc phm vi hot ng nht nh v mt tin t(prefix) xc nh. Chng ta da vo prefixnhn dng a chIPv6.

a chIPv6 c gn cho cc giao din (interface), khng phi gn cho cc node. Mt giaodin c thgn ng thi nhiu a ch. Mi a chc thi gian sng (lifetime) hp ltngng. Node IPv6 d chc mt card mng cng sc nhiu giao din. Mt node IPv6 nh vyc xc nh bi bt ka chunicast no gn cho mt trong scc giao din ca n.

Hnh 1: Cc loi a chtrong cu trc a chIPv6

a chunicast xc nh mt giao din duy nht trong phm vi tng ng. Trong m hnhnh tuyn, cc gi tin c a chch l a chunicast chc gi ti mt giao din duy nhtnh hnh 2. a chunicast c sdng trong giao tip mtmt.

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Hnh 2: Gi tin gi n Hnh 3: Gi tin gi n Hnh 4: Gi tin gi na chunicast a chmulticast a chanycast

a ch multicast c s dng trong giao tip mt nhiu.Trong a ch IPv6 khng cn

tn ti khi nim a ch broadcast. Mi chc nng ca a ch broadcast trong IPv4 c mnhim thay th bi a ch IPv6 multicast. V d chc nng broadcasttrong mt subnet ca ach IPv4 c m nhim bng mt loi a ch IPv6 l a ch multicast. Gi tin c a ch chl a ch multicast c gi i nh hnh 3.

a chanycast cng xc nh tp hp nhiu giao din. Tuy nhin, trong m hnh nh tuyn,gi tin c a chch anycast chc gi ti mt giao din duy nht trong tp hp (hnh 4).Giao din l giao din gn nht theo khi nim ca thtc nh tuyn.

3. NHNG C IM V LI CH CA GIAO THC IPV6

Khng gian a ch gn nh v hn.IPv6 c chiu di 128 bt gp 4 ln IPv4 (32 bt). Do vycon sm IPv6 mang li cho chng ta mt con skhng ll 2128a ch, thay v con sny ch

vo mc 232

(4.3 t) a chi vi phin bn IPv4. Mt snh phn tch cho rng chng ta skhng sdng ht lng a chm IPv6 cung cp [2].

Kh nng tng cu hnh (Plug and Play),IPv6 cho php thit bIPv6 tng cu hnh ccthng snh a chIP, a chgateway, a chmy chkhi vo mng. Vic ny gip chng tagim thiu rt nhiu chi ph cho nhn cng cu hnh cc thng strn. D nhin vi IPv4 viccu hnh cho my tnh khng phc tp nhiu nhng vi slng ln cc thit bnh camera,thit bi gia dng th gp trngi rt ln, tn ph nhn cng nhiu v kh khn trong vic qunl.

Kh nng bo mt kt ni t thit b gi n thit b nhn (u cui u cui),phin bnIPv4 khng c tch hp tnh nng bo mt kt ni, do cc kt ni phi thng qua mt sbin php bo mt mi u cui (hnh 5). Vi IPv6 vic bo mt c tch hp sn bn trong

bn thn giao thc (hnh 6).

Hnh 5: Bo mt trong IPv4 Hnh 6: Bo mt trong IPv6

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Qun l nh tuyn tt hn, IPv6 c thit kc cu trc nh a chv phn cp nhtuyn thng nht [2], da trn mt smc c bn i vi cc nh cung cp dch v. Cu trcphn cp ny gip trnh khi nguy c qu ti bng thng tin nh tuyn ton cu khi chiu dia chIPv6 ln ti 128 bt. Trong khi , sgia tng ca cc mng trn Internet, slng IPv4sdng, v vic IPv4 khng c thit kphn cp nh tuyn ngay tu khin cho kchthc bng nh tuyn ton cu ngy cng gia tng, gy qu ti, vt qu khnng x l cacc thit bnh tuyn.

Ddng thc hin cng nghmulticast.Cc kt ni hin ti gia cc my tnh thng csdng cng nghunicast, do my chphi bt nhiu kt ni n cc my khch nu munlin kt n h(hnh 7).

Hnh 7: Kt ni unicast Hnh 8: Kt ni multicast

Nhm tng hiu nng ca mng, tit kim bng thng, gim ti cho my ch, cng nghmulticast c thit kmt my tnh ngun c thkt ni ng thi n nhiu ch(hnh 8).T thng tin khng b lp li, bng thng ca mng sgim ngk, c bit vi cc ngdng truyn ti thng tin rt ln nh truyn hnh (IPTV), truyn hnh hi ngh (videoconference), ng dng a phng tin (multimedia).

4. HIN TRNG TRIN KHAI IPV6 V NHNG KH KHN4.1. Hin trng trin khai

Vi bn cht rng ln khng bin gii ca internet vic nh gi tng thmc trin khaiv ng dng IPv6 l vic khng ddng v khng c cu trli tuyt i. Di y tp hp mtssliu thng k v kt qukho st ca mt sdn nh gi vIPv6.

Vic gia tng u n slng cc vng a chIPv6 (hnh 9) c phn bthng qua sliu cp pht ti nguyn a chton cu ca APNIC (Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre) phn nh mc tng trng chung ca IPv6.

Hnh 9: Slng IPv6 phn bton cu (tnh theo n vkhi /32) [3]

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Nh hnh 10, theo phm vi ca cc tchc qun l a chcp khu vc, LANIC (khu vcChu MLatinh v bin Caribe) c slng IPv6 ln nht, tip theo l RIPENCC (khu vcChu u, Trung ng), APNIC (khuvc Chu Thi Bnh Dng), ARIN (khu vc Bc Mv mt phn Caribe) v cui cng l AFNIC (khu vc Chu Phi). Lng IPv6 tiu thtrn toncu gia tng mt cch u n phn nh vstng trng trong vic ng dng IPv6.

Hnh 10: Slng IPv6 phn btheo Hnh 11: Slng IPv6 phn btheo tiu vng

khu vc trn ton cu [4] trong khu vc Chu Thi Bnh Dng[5]Hnh 11 cho thy trong khu vc Chu Thi Bnh Dng, nhm cc nc trong vng

ng (gm Nht Bn, Hng Kng, Hn Quc, i Loan) hin shu slng IPv6 ln nhttrong khu vc. ng Nam c slng a chIPv6 thp nht trong khu vc.

Ti thi im thng 10/2013 Vit Nam c nh gi vi mc 11.3% mng li c khnng p ng IPv6, trong khi trung bnh ca thgii l 16.9%, khu vc Chu Thi BnhDng l 20,6%. Tuy nhin biu ca Vit Nam cho thy s khng n nh trong kt qunh gi so vi cc quc gia khc (hnh 12).

Hnh 12: Biu thhin mc sn sng vIPv6 ca mt squc gia v khu vc [6]Chnh phVit Nam cng rt nlc trong vic trin khai IPv6 trong mng li internet

quc gia. Ngy 29/03/2011, Btrng BTT&TT ban hnh Khoch hnh ng quc giavIPv6, xc nh mc tiu ltrnh cthchuyn i sang IPv6 ca Vit Nam vi ba giai on:

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Giai on chun b (2011-2012), Giai on khi ng (2013-2014), Giai on chuyn i(2016-2019). Mc tiu chung l bo m trc nm 2020, ton bmng li v dch vinternetVit Nam sc chuyn i hot ng mt cch an ton, tin cy vi a chIPv6. Theo sliu ca VNNIC, Vit Nam hin mi ng th79/258 vtrin khai IPv6.

Qua cc sliu thng k vIPv6 phn nh IPv6 ang c quan tm thc y pht trinv mc tng trng trong trin khai. Tuy nhin mc ng dng v trin khai cn chm vcha ng u, chtp trung vo mt skhu vc, vng c quy m ln.4.2. Kh khn ca qu trnh chuyn IPv4 sang IPv6 Vit Nam

Mc hng ng cc hot ng vIPv6 ca cc doanh nghip vn cha ng u [7]. Saukhi kt thc giai on 1 ca Khoch hnh ng quc gia IPv6 (2011-2012), cc doanh nghipInternet (ISP) u sn sng trin khai IPv6. Trong khi , mc hng ng cc hot ngvIPv6 ca cc doanh nghip sn xut thit bv c bit l doanh nghip cung cp dch vnidung (CP) li cha tht s r nt. Theo kho st ca VNNIC, chmi c 5/27 doanh nghipcng nghthng tin c khoch trin khai v thnh lp tcng tc trin khai IPv6 cho doanh

nghip mnh.Hin vn cha c hot ng thnghim cung cp dch v thc t[7]. Mc d hin ti cc

doanh nghip trin khai cc hot ng nh gi mng li cng nh cc hot ng thnghim mng li v dch vIPv6, tuy nhin, cho ti hin ti vn cha c doanh nghip nocung cp rng ri dch vIPv6 thnghim cho khch hng. Mc trin khai IPv6 trn mngli thc tcn rt hn ch.

5. KT LUN

Chng ti va trnh by trong bi bo v chun giao thc IPv6, nhng c im v li chmang li tvic sdng n. ng thi cp n hin trng trin khai IPv6 cng nhng khkhn trong qu trnh chuyn i IPv4 sang IPv6 ti Vit Nam. Bi vit ca chng ti gp phn

mang li nhng kin thc c bn nht vIPv6 cho mi ngi, t gip ch cho qu trnh hctp v nghin cu ca mi ngi, c bit l cc bn sinh vin.

6. TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]a chIPv4 sp ht. Trin khai ng dng IPv6 thay thl cp thit. (11/2008). Truy cp29/10/2013 ttrung tm internet Vit Nam (VNNIC):http://www.vnnic.vn/ipv6/thamkhao/%C4%90%E1%BB%8B-ch%E1%BB%89-ipv4-s%E1%BA%AFp-h%E1%BA%BFt-tri%E1%BB%83n-khai-%E1%BB%A9ng-d%E1%BB%A5ng-ipv6-thay-th%E1%BA%BF-l%C3%A0-c%E1%BA%A5p-thi%E1%BA%BFt-01112008

[2]c im v li ch ca IPv6. Truy cp 29/10/2013 ttrung tm internet Vit Nam(VNNIC):http://www.vnnic.vn/ipv6/c%C3%A1c-%C4%91%E1%BA%B7c-%C4%91i%E1%BB%83m-l%E1%BB%A3i-%C3%ADch-c%E1%BB%A7a-ipv6?lang=en

[3] IPv6 distribution.Retrieved 29/10/2013 from Asia - Pacific Network Information Centre(APNIC):https://www.apnic.net/publications/research-and-insights/stats/ipv6-distribution

[4] IPv6 distribution by geographic grouping. Retrieved 29/10/2013 from Asia - PacificNetwork Information Centre (APNIC): https://www.apnic.net/publications/research-and-insights/stats/ipv6-geographic

http://www.vnnic.vn/ipv6/thamkhao/%C4%90%E1%BB%8B-ch%E1%BB%89-ipv4-s%E1%BA%AFp-h%E1%BA%BFt-tri%E1%BB%83n-khai-%E1%BB%A9ng-d%E1%BB%A5ng-ipv6-thay-th%E1%BA%BF-l%C3%A0-c%E1%BA%A5p-thi%E1%BA%BFt-01112008http://www.vnnic.vn/ipv6/thamkhao/%C4%90%E1%BB%8B-ch%E1%BB%89-ipv4-s%E1%BA%AFp-h%E1%BA%BFt-tri%E1%BB%83n-khai-%E1%BB%A9ng-d%E1%BB%A5ng-ipv6-thay-th%E1%BA%BF-l%C3%A0-c%E1%BA%A5p-thi%E1%BA%BFt-01112008http://www.vnnic.vn/ipv6/thamkhao/%C4%90%E1%BB%8B-ch%E1%BB%89-ipv4-s%E1%BA%AFp-h%E1%BA%BFt-tri%E1%BB%83n-khai-%E1%BB%A9ng-d%E1%BB%A5ng-ipv6-thay-th%E1%BA%BF-l%C3%A0-c%E1%BA%A5p-thi%E1%BA%BFt-01112008http://www.vnnic.vn/ipv6/thamkhao/%C4%90%E1%BB%8B-ch%E1%BB%89-ipv4-s%E1%BA%AFp-h%E1%BA%BFt-tri%E1%BB%83n-khai-%E1%BB%A9ng-d%E1%BB%A5ng-ipv6-thay-th%E1%BA%BF-l%C3%A0-c%E1%BA%A5p-thi%E1%BA%BFt-01112008http://www.vnnic.vn/ipv6/thamkhao/%C4%90%E1%BB%8B-ch%E1%BB%89-ipv4-s%E1%BA%AFp-h%E1%BA%BFt-tri%E1%BB%83n-khai-%E1%BB%A9ng-d%E1%BB%A5ng-ipv6-thay-th%E1%BA%BF-l%C3%A0-c%E1%BA%A5p-thi%E1%BA%BFt-01112008http://www.vnnic.vn/ipv6/c%C3%A1c-%C4%91%E1%BA%B7c-%C4%91i%E1%BB%83m-l%E1%BB%A3i-%C3%ADch-c%E1%BB%A7a-ipv6?lang=enhttp://www.vnnic.vn/ipv6/c%C3%A1c-%C4%91%E1%BA%B7c-%C4%91i%E1%BB%83m-l%E1%BB%A3i-%C3%ADch-c%E1%BB%A7a-ipv6?lang=enhttp://www.vnnic.vn/ipv6/c%C3%A1c-%C4%91%E1%BA%B7c-%C4%91i%E1%BB%83m-l%E1%BB%A3i-%C3%ADch-c%E1%BB%A7a-ipv6?lang=enhttp://www.vnnic.vn/ipv6/c%C3%A1c-%C4%91%E1%BA%B7c-%C4%91i%E1%BB%83m-l%E1%BB%A3i-%C3%ADch-c%E1%BB%A7a-ipv6?lang=enhttp://www.vnnic.vn/ipv6/c%C3%A1c-%C4%91%E1%BA%B7c-%C4%91i%E1%BB%83m-l%E1%BB%A3i-%C3%ADch-c%E1%BB%A7a-ipv6?lang=enhttps://www.apnic.net/publications/research-and-insights/stats/ipv6-distributionhttps://www.apnic.net/publications/research-and-insights/stats/ipv6-distributionhttps://www.apnic.net/publications/research-and-insights/stats/ipv6-distributionhttps://www.apnic.net/publications/research-and-insights/stats/ipv6-geographichttps://www.apnic.net/publications/research-and-insights/stats/ipv6-geographichttps://www.apnic.net/publications/research-and-insights/stats/ipv6-geographichttps://www.apnic.net/publications/research-and-insights/stats/ipv6-geographichttps://www.apnic.net/publications/research-and-insights/stats/ipv6-geographichttps://www.apnic.net/publications/research-and-insights/stats/ipv6-distributionhttp://www.vnnic.vn/ipv6/c%C3%A1c-%C4%91%E1%BA%B7c-%C4%91i%E1%BB%83m-l%E1%BB%A3i-%C3%ADch-c%E1%BB%A7a-ipv6?lang=enhttp://www.vnnic.vn/ipv6/c%C3%A1c-%C4%91%E1%BA%B7c-%C4%91i%E1%BB%83m-l%E1%BB%A3i-%C3%ADch-c%E1%BB%A7a-ipv6?lang=enhttp://www.vnnic.vn/ipv6/c%C3%A1c-%C4%91%E1%BA%B7c-%C4%91i%E1%BB%83m-l%E1%BB%A3i-%C3%ADch-c%E1%BB%A7a-ipv6?lang=enhttp://www.vnnic.vn/ipv6/thamkhao/%C4%90%E1%BB%8B-ch%E1%BB%89-ipv4-s%E1%BA%AFp-h%E1%BA%BFt-tri%E1%BB%83n-khai-%E1%BB%A9ng-d%E1%BB%A5ng-ipv6-thay-th%E1%BA%BF-l%C3%A0-c%E1%BA%A5p-thi%E1%BA%BFt-01112008http://www.vnnic.vn/ipv6/thamkhao/%C4%90%E1%BB%8B-ch%E1%BB%89-ipv4-s%E1%BA%AFp-h%E1%BA%BFt-tri%E1%BB%83n-khai-%E1%BB%A9ng-d%E1%BB%A5ng-ipv6-thay-th%E1%BA%BF-l%C3%A0-c%E1%BA%A5p-thi%E1%BA%BFt-01112008http://www.vnnic.vn/ipv6/thamkhao/%C4%90%E1%BB%8B-ch%E1%BB%89-ipv4-s%E1%BA%AFp-h%E1%BA%BFt-tri%E1%BB%83n-khai-%E1%BB%A9ng-d%E1%BB%A5ng-ipv6-thay-th%E1%BA%BF-l%C3%A0-c%E1%BA%A5p-thi%E1%BA%BFt-01112008http://www.vnnic.vn/ipv6/thamkhao/%C4%90%E1%BB%8B-ch%E1%BB%89-ipv4-s%E1%BA%AFp-h%E1%BA%BFt-tri%E1%BB%83n-khai-%E1%BB%A9ng-d%E1%BB%A5ng-ipv6-thay-th%E1%BA%BF-l%C3%A0-c%E1%BA%A5p-thi%E1%BA%BFt-01112008

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[5] IPv6 distribution within APNIC sub-regions. Retrieved 29/10/2013 from Asia - PacificNetwork Information Centre (APNIC): https://www.apnic.net/publications/research-and-insights/stats/ipv6-sub-regions

[6]Mc sn sng vIPv6.Retrieved 29/10/2013 fromhttp://v6asns.ripe.net/v/6?s=_ALL;s=_RIR_APNIC;s=_RIR_AfriNIC;s=_RIR_ARIN;s=_RIR_LACNIC;s=_RIR_RIPE_NCC

[7] L Vn. (Ngy 16 thng 4 nm 2013). Cn nhiu kh khn trong trin khai IPv6. Vit NamNet. Truy cp 29/10/2013 thttp://vietnamnet.vn/vn/cong-nghe-thong-tin-vien-thong/117397/con-nhieu-kho-khan-trong-trien-khai-ipv6.html

https://www.apnic.net/publications/research-and-insights/stats/ipv6-sub-regionshttps://www.apnic.net/publications/research-and-insights/stats/ipv6-sub-regionshttps://www.apnic.net/publications/research-and-insights/stats/ipv6-sub-regionshttp://v6asns.ripe.net/v/6?s=_ALL;s=_RIR_APNIC;s=_RIR_AfriNIC;s=_RIR_ARIN;s=_RIR_LACNIC;s=_RIR_RIPE_NCChttp://v6asns.ripe.net/v/6?s=_ALL;s=_RIR_APNIC;s=_RIR_AfriNIC;s=_RIR_ARIN;s=_RIR_LACNIC;s=_RIR_RIPE_NCChttp://v6asns.ripe.net/v/6?s=_ALL;s=_RIR_APNIC;s=_RIR_AfriNIC;s=_RIR_ARIN;s=_RIR_LACNIC;s=_RIR_RIPE_NCChttp://vietnamnet.vn/vn/cong-nghe-thong-tin-vien-thong/117397/con-nhieu-kho-khan-trong-trien-khai-ipv6.htmlhttp://vietnamnet.vn/vn/cong-nghe-thong-tin-vien-thong/117397/con-nhieu-kho-khan-trong-trien-khai-ipv6.htmlhttp://vietnamnet.vn/vn/cong-nghe-thong-tin-vien-thong/117397/con-nhieu-kho-khan-trong-trien-khai-ipv6.htmlhttp://vietnamnet.vn/vn/cong-nghe-thong-tin-vien-thong/117397/con-nhieu-kho-khan-trong-trien-khai-ipv6.htmlhttp://vietnamnet.vn/vn/cong-nghe-thong-tin-vien-thong/117397/con-nhieu-kho-khan-trong-trien-khai-ipv6.htmlhttp://vietnamnet.vn/vn/cong-nghe-thong-tin-vien-thong/117397/con-nhieu-kho-khan-trong-trien-khai-ipv6.htmlhttp://v6asns.ripe.net/v/6?s=_ALL;s=_RIR_APNIC;s=_RIR_AfriNIC;s=_RIR_ARIN;s=_RIR_LACNIC;s=_RIR_RIPE_NCChttp://v6asns.ripe.net/v/6?s=_ALL;s=_RIR_APNIC;s=_RIR_AfriNIC;s=_RIR_ARIN;s=_RIR_LACNIC;s=_RIR_RIPE_NCChttps://www.apnic.net/publications/research-and-insights/stats/ipv6-sub-regionshttps://www.apnic.net/publications/research-and-insights/stats/ipv6-sub-regions