IR4502 International Peace:

Theories and dynamics of peace

Dr Andrea Oelsner

F68 EWB

a.oelsner@abdn.ac.uk

How do IR theories define and explain peace?

Rationalist approaches Neorealism

Deterrence Balance of power Arms balances Regional hegemon Extra-regional power External threat encouraging alliance formation

How do IR theories define and explain peace?

Rationalist approaches Neoliberalism

Absolute rather than relative gains: economic cost of war

International trade International institutions International law Collective security regimes

How do IR theories define and explain peace?

Democratic peace theory Monadic

Structural institutional explanation Normative explanation

Dyadic explanations Mutual identification of values and principles Mutual identification of democratic constraints Increased transparency

How do IR theories define and explain peace?

Constructivism Processes of identity construction Processes of de-securitization Regional security communities Different types of peace

no-war zones, zones of peace, and pluralistic security communities (K. Holsti)

war, negative peace, stable peace, and a pluralistic security community (A. Kacowicz)

war, unstable war, unstable peace, and stable peace (K. Boulding) precarious, conditional, and stable peace (A. George) cold, normal, and warm peace (B. Miller) chaos, regional conflict formations, security regimes, and security

community (O. Waever)

Post-Cold War model of domestic liberal peace Sovereignty HHRR Self-determination Democracy Free Market Civil Society

Problems Compatibility of all principles? Whose model of peace?

Reading for next week: Chan, Steve, ‘In Search of Democratic Peace: Problems and Promise’, Mershon

International Studies Review (41:1, 1997), pp. 59-91. Available online. Galtung, Johan, ‘Violence, Peace and Peace Research,’ Journal of Peace

Research (6:3, 1969) pp. 167-191. George, Alexander L., ‘Strategies for Preventive Diplomacy and Conflict

Resolution: Scholarship for Policy-Making,’ Cooperation and Conflict (34:1, 1999), pp.9-19. Available online.

Kacowicz, Arie M. and Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, ‘Stable peace: a conceptual framework,’ in Arie M. Kacowicz et al. (eds.) Stable Peace among Nations (Lanham, Md.; Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield, 2000). Xerox Heavy Demand desk and 327.172 Kac

Paris, Roland, ‘Peacebuilding and the Limits of Liberal Internationalism,’ International Security (22:2, 1997), pp.54-89. Available online.

Rothman, Jay and Marie L. Olson, ‘From interests to identities: towards a new emphasis in interactive conflict resolution,’ Journal of Peace Research (38:3, 2001) pp. 289-306. Available online.

Wagner, R. Harrison, ‘Peace, War, and the Balance of Power’, American Political Science Review (88:3, 1994), pp. 593-607. Available online.