iran recent past: from ethnoarchaeology in 1960s to historical archaeology...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Iran recent past: From Ethnoarchaeology in 1960s to historical archaeology …soia.org.ir/Portal/Files/2019/04/IHSS.pdf · 2019. 4. 11. · University of Tehran Iran recent past:](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b3199b8575cb6f274af777/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
University of Tehran
Iran recent past: From Ethnoarchaeology in 1960s to historical
archaeology in 2000s伊朗“不远的过去”:从20世纪60年代的民族考古学到21世纪的历史考古学
Professor Hassan Fazeli Nashli, University of Tehran, Iran伊朗德黑兰大学考古学系 哈桑·法兹里·纳什里
Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences
Peking University
翻译:常洋铭(北京大学西亚语言文化系)
![Page 2: Iran recent past: From Ethnoarchaeology in 1960s to historical archaeology …soia.org.ir/Portal/Files/2019/04/IHSS.pdf · 2019. 4. 11. · University of Tehran Iran recent past:](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b3199b8575cb6f274af777/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Tappeh Guran,
Near Kermanshah
(ca. 7500 BC)顾兰丘
伊朗西部克尔曼沙赫附近约公元前7500年
Definition of Ethnoarchaeology 民族考古学
Modern nomad (recent past)现今的游牧民
![Page 3: Iran recent past: From Ethnoarchaeology in 1960s to historical archaeology …soia.org.ir/Portal/Files/2019/04/IHSS.pdf · 2019. 4. 11. · University of Tehran Iran recent past:](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b3199b8575cb6f274af777/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Neolithic transition in the Near East 近东(中东)的新石器转型BC 12,000 11,500 11,000 10,500 9500 10,000 8500 9000 7500 8000 6500 7000 60005200
A long, slow, complex process of change, enduring for ca. 4000 years from the end of the Last Glacial. 10,000 -5400 BC. •Transition from mobile hunter-foraging to sedentary farming and stock-keeping.
新石器时代
Neolith
ic
旧石器时代晚期
Epip
ale
olith
ic
![Page 4: Iran recent past: From Ethnoarchaeology in 1960s to historical archaeology …soia.org.ir/Portal/Files/2019/04/IHSS.pdf · 2019. 4. 11. · University of Tehran Iran recent past:](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b3199b8575cb6f274af777/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Iran recent past: From Ethnoarchaeology in 1960s to historical archaeology …soia.org.ir/Portal/Files/2019/04/IHSS.pdf · 2019. 4. 11. · University of Tehran Iran recent past:](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b3199b8575cb6f274af777/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Iran recent past: From Ethnoarchaeology in 1960s to historical archaeology …soia.org.ir/Portal/Files/2019/04/IHSS.pdf · 2019. 4. 11. · University of Tehran Iran recent past:](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b3199b8575cb6f274af777/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Role of EthnoarchaeologyWhy ethnoarchaeology
![Page 7: Iran recent past: From Ethnoarchaeology in 1960s to historical archaeology …soia.org.ir/Portal/Files/2019/04/IHSS.pdf · 2019. 4. 11. · University of Tehran Iran recent past:](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b3199b8575cb6f274af777/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The settlement of Hasanabad, near Kermanshah
克尔曼沙赫附近的哈桑纳巴德聚落
![Page 8: Iran recent past: From Ethnoarchaeology in 1960s to historical archaeology …soia.org.ir/Portal/Files/2019/04/IHSS.pdf · 2019. 4. 11. · University of Tehran Iran recent past:](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b3199b8575cb6f274af777/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Iran recent past: From Ethnoarchaeology in 1960s to historical archaeology …soia.org.ir/Portal/Files/2019/04/IHSS.pdf · 2019. 4. 11. · University of Tehran Iran recent past:](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b3199b8575cb6f274af777/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Detailed view of section of village
![Page 10: Iran recent past: From Ethnoarchaeology in 1960s to historical archaeology …soia.org.ir/Portal/Files/2019/04/IHSS.pdf · 2019. 4. 11. · University of Tehran Iran recent past:](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b3199b8575cb6f274af777/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Iran recent past: From Ethnoarchaeology in 1960s to historical archaeology …soia.org.ir/Portal/Files/2019/04/IHSS.pdf · 2019. 4. 11. · University of Tehran Iran recent past:](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b3199b8575cb6f274af777/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
CASE STUDY: BAGHESTAN个案研究:巴盖斯坦
Ethnoarchaeological Project in Northeastern Iran
Lee Horne1976-1978
李·霍恩20世纪70年代在伊朗东北部主导的考古发掘
![Page 12: Iran recent past: From Ethnoarchaeology in 1960s to historical archaeology …soia.org.ir/Portal/Files/2019/04/IHSS.pdf · 2019. 4. 11. · University of Tehran Iran recent past:](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b3199b8575cb6f274af777/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Baghestan village with domed-roof structures
巴盖斯坦的穹顶屋村落
![Page 13: Iran recent past: From Ethnoarchaeology in 1960s to historical archaeology …soia.org.ir/Portal/Files/2019/04/IHSS.pdf · 2019. 4. 11. · University of Tehran Iran recent past:](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b3199b8575cb6f274af777/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Winter camp pens冬季营圈
Semi-Subterranean pens and corral
半地穴式圈栏
![Page 14: Iran recent past: From Ethnoarchaeology in 1960s to historical archaeology …soia.org.ir/Portal/Files/2019/04/IHSS.pdf · 2019. 4. 11. · University of Tehran Iran recent past:](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b3199b8575cb6f274af777/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Front of houses and courtyard in Baghestan
Grain storage and animal barn
谷物储存和畜棚
Collecting water
集水
![Page 15: Iran recent past: From Ethnoarchaeology in 1960s to historical archaeology …soia.org.ir/Portal/Files/2019/04/IHSS.pdf · 2019. 4. 11. · University of Tehran Iran recent past:](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b3199b8575cb6f274af777/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Time Depth of Ethnoarchaeology
![Page 16: Iran recent past: From Ethnoarchaeology in 1960s to historical archaeology …soia.org.ir/Portal/Files/2019/04/IHSS.pdf · 2019. 4. 11. · University of Tehran Iran recent past:](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b3199b8575cb6f274af777/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Historical archaeology 历史考古学
![Page 17: Iran recent past: From Ethnoarchaeology in 1960s to historical archaeology …soia.org.ir/Portal/Files/2019/04/IHSS.pdf · 2019. 4. 11. · University of Tehran Iran recent past:](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b3199b8575cb6f274af777/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Landlord Villages of the Tehran Plain德黑兰平原的地主村落
Professor Hassan Fazeli Department of Archaeology, University of Tehran, Tehran
Dr Ruth Young: School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester, Leicester
Historical Archaeology of Iran New Approaches
伊朗历史考古新路径
![Page 18: Iran recent past: From Ethnoarchaeology in 1960s to historical archaeology …soia.org.ir/Portal/Files/2019/04/IHSS.pdf · 2019. 4. 11. · University of Tehran Iran recent past:](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b3199b8575cb6f274af777/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Landlord villages of IranHorne (1994) points out villages in Iran are living entities, and not static sites representing a single stage
in human activity, and this is important in terms of placing these villages within a historical context.
Agricultural production in Iran was the result of five elements: land, labor, water, oxen and seed. The
person who owned and contributed each of the elements was then entitled to claim a proportionate share of
the resulting produce; thus if the landlord contributed land, water and seed he claimed three-fifths of the
produce at harvest time
![Page 19: Iran recent past: From Ethnoarchaeology in 1960s to historical archaeology …soia.org.ir/Portal/Files/2019/04/IHSS.pdf · 2019. 4. 11. · University of Tehran Iran recent past:](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b3199b8575cb6f274af777/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Landlord village of Iran
![Page 20: Iran recent past: From Ethnoarchaeology in 1960s to historical archaeology …soia.org.ir/Portal/Files/2019/04/IHSS.pdf · 2019. 4. 11. · University of Tehran Iran recent past:](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b3199b8575cb6f274af777/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
White Revolution
• Muhammad Reza Pahlavi (r. 1941-1979) • 3 phases of land reform:
– 1st phase: January 1962 (Arsanjani, Minister of Agriculture)
– 2nd phase: 1963-1967– 3rd phase: 1969
• Completed September 1971
• Within 10 years of initiating land reform c. 92% of former sharecroppers had become ‘peasant proprietors’ (Hooglund 1982,3)
![Page 21: Iran recent past: From Ethnoarchaeology in 1960s to historical archaeology …soia.org.ir/Portal/Files/2019/04/IHSS.pdf · 2019. 4. 11. · University of Tehran Iran recent past:](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b3199b8575cb6f274af777/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
landlord villages were present across virtually all Iran
![Page 22: Iran recent past: From Ethnoarchaeology in 1960s to historical archaeology …soia.org.ir/Portal/Files/2019/04/IHSS.pdf · 2019. 4. 11. · University of Tehran Iran recent past:](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b3199b8575cb6f274af777/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Aims and Objectives of landlord project of the Tehran plain
![Page 23: Iran recent past: From Ethnoarchaeology in 1960s to historical archaeology …soia.org.ir/Portal/Files/2019/04/IHSS.pdf · 2019. 4. 11. · University of Tehran Iran recent past:](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b3199b8575cb6f274af777/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Kazemabad annotated plan
![Page 24: Iran recent past: From Ethnoarchaeology in 1960s to historical archaeology …soia.org.ir/Portal/Files/2019/04/IHSS.pdf · 2019. 4. 11. · University of Tehran Iran recent past:](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b3199b8575cb6f274af777/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Wall separating landlord’s area of village from tenants
Hassan Rahimi
![Page 25: Iran recent past: From Ethnoarchaeology in 1960s to historical archaeology …soia.org.ir/Portal/Files/2019/04/IHSS.pdf · 2019. 4. 11. · University of Tehran Iran recent past:](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b3199b8575cb6f274af777/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Farmer’s houses
![Page 26: Iran recent past: From Ethnoarchaeology in 1960s to historical archaeology …soia.org.ir/Portal/Files/2019/04/IHSS.pdf · 2019. 4. 11. · University of Tehran Iran recent past:](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b3199b8575cb6f274af777/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Tenant houses, Kazemabad
![Page 27: Iran recent past: From Ethnoarchaeology in 1960s to historical archaeology …soia.org.ir/Portal/Files/2019/04/IHSS.pdf · 2019. 4. 11. · University of Tehran Iran recent past:](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b3199b8575cb6f274af777/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Interviews and site visits: took the interviewees to villages, able to walk round and learn about function of different spaces
Khanoum Khouchak
Mr Haj Akbar Mr Haj Mohammad Zaeri
Khanoum UriyatMr Haj Hassan Rahimi & Khanoum Mahabadi
Mr Hassan Mohseni &
Mr Haj Hassan Rahimi
![Page 28: Iran recent past: From Ethnoarchaeology in 1960s to historical archaeology …soia.org.ir/Portal/Files/2019/04/IHSS.pdf · 2019. 4. 11. · University of Tehran Iran recent past:](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b3199b8575cb6f274af777/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Archaeological excavation of Kazem-Abad landlord village
![Page 29: Iran recent past: From Ethnoarchaeology in 1960s to historical archaeology …soia.org.ir/Portal/Files/2019/04/IHSS.pdf · 2019. 4. 11. · University of Tehran Iran recent past:](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b3199b8575cb6f274af777/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Archaeological excavation of Kazem-Abad 2008
![Page 30: Iran recent past: From Ethnoarchaeology in 1960s to historical archaeology …soia.org.ir/Portal/Files/2019/04/IHSS.pdf · 2019. 4. 11. · University of Tehran Iran recent past:](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b3199b8575cb6f274af777/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Khanoum Khouchak and Jamileh, Kazemabad
Khanoum Khouchak, her daughter
Jamileh,
and Hengameh Ilkani at Kazemabad
Carpet weaving
Iranian woman, part of diaspora, born in 1930s, lived in rural Iran, memoirs