iraq cultural guide

7/29/2019 Iraq Cultural Guide

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I R A Q


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WAR A l l D H A V Y D L P A U TW A S H I U 0 t 0 1 . II.0 .


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C O N T E N T S

What Is This Iraq? . . . . .. The Country . . . . .

1 - m- . r . . i . .I . ~ 0 6 i em s . . . . . . .n eI Iraqi Customs andManners . .

Thetanguage.. . . .CIirnstcandHcalth . . . , .Currency,Weights and Ma a u e sSome l m m t Do's and Don'tsUseful Words and Phrases - ,AG l - . . . . . .


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, A s n o i r . m u ~ ~ tO I R A Q' YOU HAVE k en ordered to Iraq ( i - RAHK) s pof rhe world-wide offensive to beat Hitkr.You will enter Iraq bth as a wldicr and as an in

vidual, because on our side a rnm a n e both a soldand an individual: That is our strength--if we arc smenough to ux it. It can be our weakntss if we areAs a soldier your dutia are laid out for yo u As arr invidual, it is what you do on paur own that counts--ait may count for a lot more than you think.h e r i c a n success or failure in Iraq may well d eon whether th e Iraqis (as the people are c d d ) lAmerican soldiers or not. It may not be quite that simBut then again it could.HOWTOM Hi t l~ . Herr Hitler knows he's licked ifpoopits united against him stand their ground. So ipretty obvious what he and his propaganda machinetrgingtodo. They're trying to spread&unity and disctent among their opponents whenever and wherever t

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5/27

So what's ttre answer?That ought to be pretty obvious,too. Ont of your big jobs is to prevent Hider's agenu :, ,.from getting in their dirty work. The best way you cando this is by getting along with the Iraqis and madrigthem your friends. And the best way to get along withany people is to understand them.That is what this guide i s for. To help you undemd "

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the p p l e and the country M that you can do the bestand quickest job a sending Hitlet back where he eamcfrom.And, secondly, so titat you as a human k i n g will getthe most out of an experience few h e r i m s have b#nlucky enough to have. Years from now you'll be telling

your children and mybt your grandchildren stories bcpinning, "Now when I war in Baghdad -."

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! r q ISHot! As amatter of you m y e w bury w,i you reach Iraq that you won't see much of anytfor awhile. Probably you will feel Iraq &st-andmeans beat. Blazing heat. And dust. In the da-ca n lx om of the hottest spots in thc world. If youpen to mvd by train in the'daytime, the leathermay get so hot that p u l l have m stand up.Mort wis done between 6 a. m. and own and m a p s anor two in the tarly w e . nd yet the aights of thot days arc o h ncomfortably cool.Or maybe the first thing you notice will bt the smeYou have hcard and read a lot abut the 'Lmyst, East,"You have seen moving picture about the wloMe oftht d m nd the bazaars.When you a d y

I W H A T I S T H I S I R A Q ?WHAT is Iraq, anyhow? Well, it's a lot of things

" and new. It is one of the oldest c o u n h in the worand one of the youngest under its p rm t governm, In Baghdad, the capital city, yo u will see: street m. chants selling em+ the samc kind of pottery thatancestors sold at,& time of the ArabianNights. Noaway y w will see great dams and modern re6ncriesto&,best you have seen in America. If you happenwt to the oil fidds, you will discover mtadcs of mem engineering construction side by side with primrcfinuieg built &ma ycars ago and stilI in optration.

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6/27

D I ~ N H ~ ~ ~i&rauxs?O U ~ S ~ ~ sure,tbtre aret h e r c puw i l t l o o k i n v&~ s o tm r e a f tB c t h i n g s y au fcrmcts. D8erem-s of m u m e . D i&Mas of feh a v c b a e n 1 Q d w t 3 ~ p k e f . Y a u d d ~ m d ~ a h t B fthings the mv i t s didn't warnpw about. Di&renccs of manner and custom and religious b&Different attitudes toward women. D i c e s gaIorc.MEET t w r P P ~ P L E But what of it? You aren't going to Iraq to chaBw don't get dww* &st Ammicaus ' a d &ro- the Iraqis. just the o p p i k . W e re fighting th'swaw b haw p e rn lraq &h't b it at &st. Might prcscme the principie of "he and let live." Maybea s w ~ L ~ a ~ b ~ ~ u g h f i t a ~ s h , h o t ,ounded like a lot of words ta you at hame. Nowpdd8d q I nd hlxaqiubh land. But ~ c a r t yall a f have a chance to prove it to yourself and others. If' t k E 4 1 E . s m t ~ ~ d ~ ~ s g f t s r a f c w & ~ san, it's going to bt a better world to Live in for aU ofat week d hqp& an mmmt d Imqi p p 1 e JAlthough relatively few Iraqis receive a Eormd etdt h e y h g a n t a ~ h w i l l p u , tioa similar to yours, they are shrewd and k & p tT h a t t d m a a k & ~ i m b p u a r e g o i n g t a 9 e c~ d t k d l e v ~ h a e

mpra, &MYfighters in ;m mwtry, .hfa& exd l ip that&sit&. 9l w i $ r $ r g g ~ i ~ kd u a b k d l y . fi k &mild ha@mlwkmi L& brew gfWwkiWas.But gau will dm h d out @y ha t the Iraqi iso f P B e m c s t & ~ a n d ~ g ~ k i n & e w uF m p ~ p h v e ~ p r m m d f p l l l . a u ~ a f wd er-p Ivingp Ifp arediing st go jwt a 1out: & W B way t~ ~ & r s b d 61mt -thingbe o. k.4


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tend to believe what thcy hear and see with thcir own ears and eyes. By w b t you h and how you act you can dcr a lat KOwin &i war and the p m fter it. Right now Iraq is threatened witb h v a s w w America is now. The Iraqis have same Ftligioh and tribat diffucnees a m q thunset~ea.m w ha& becrr tr;lrirr$ rcr I M hem d b o e s to h i s own a&.If you can win the trust and friendship af all the Iraqis you maet, ym will do mart thaa you may think posshic t-a Mp b i them t 0 6 e k in our mrnmnn muse. N&M e say, Hitkrr w3l t ~ g lto use: the di&-h n d w 4 r q i s to mila muMe. But

we kve a wapn b arcaf +at b i d ed thing. Plainalmmtm bwse -. h t " 5 it.Hicfcr's game L to &vide to@q~er.Om is to unite d h l ~ n l ta Q U t d T l r lFirst, kt's h v e a kwk #t d i ~mwawf.We an't v c q~ d k & u t p h w d ~ 1 & ~ f i w b ~ h e f . c

WPC we.In the cmw ed &is && you will h d a mip of w h s& tB&. '%&Idle &stM "You d l se~by die map, Iraq lk~d wt of Syria and Pales-f T ~ k ' p ~t h e ; n o d af hb i r r ; - of I& ( B - R A H N )(Persia); a d ust t o u c h ahsB r h Gulf at crne corner.dIt isabout the shed &%ate af Molrma.6
mailto:to@q~ermailto:to@q~er


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thsC k Iraq has only a few cities. Baghdad, the larg-est, has a population af around pa,-, a b u t like thatof Minneapolis or Kansas City. Mmul (MO-sul) in theoil region his a &tion of over I o o , ~ ,Suq a1- Shuyukh (SOOQ ash-shu-YOOKH) about rhe same,.a d '/ 'B a s r a h (BAS-ra) on the Persian Gulf, the most im- .portam part, has about 70,000.M a t of Iraq is desen country,Not great sandy wasteslike the Sahara in Africa, but b t y , harsh, monotonous ,,desert, treeless but mvmd with a thin scrub veptatian -very much like our Swthwest region. T h e only water inthis region canes from waterboles,and these are jealously . .guarded. Water is mare valuabk &aa anything dse in -the &wt, and for the Iraqi, ta waste water would te like ,*rowing money away.In contrast to the d q dessts are h e great green valiqaaf th e Tigris (TAI -$;r;s) and Euphrates (yoo -FRAY - - ..'ceez) f ivers . Thcgc nvo impmnt rivers rise in tbc * J.JKurdirtan (KUR-di-stan) mountains ofTurkey, no&a d west of Iraq. After flowing across he country in par-allel channels, they join tqether and empty into thePersian Gulf through one mouth. Cn t h ~alleys of rhwtwo rivers &-tenths of the 3% d i a n p p k (about .- .the population of &go) h e . Jh he northemd of these r d q s is the imprmut ail field of Kirk& (kir-KOOK). Thc field was d k

not until 1935 that produ-lines ham been mnstruto the p t s of Tripob in Syria and Haifa (HAI-faPakine , on the Mediterranean Sea. These fields

01 pipdines arc among the prizts I-litlcr w d d. tu grab, and they are havily guarded. Guarding or' Sending them m a y b gnmng your most irnptanta tary duties, tar this Q ~ Iis the source of supply forarmits of the Middle Eat and India,d atgo f a dMediterraneank.

to o h ountries. Grain, especially whwc, harlq,; and d l a is grow in h g e qlfantiq. Also grown

P r d d p he only buildingma t e d s drieddth e adobe u d n the huthwestern U.!3 A, It is a dy suited to thehot dimate and you will find the insi

thcht-rmfad Iraqi hauses cool e m n the noondayIraqi p a l e are divided by occupatbn into''&imnen in the cities, the farmers in the irrigated a'- md the namds , who herd t H e t &cep and a d s

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9/27

The nomads and b u s ing t~ tbe native dress morethan theciq dwcllcrs, who are aften quite "wtsamized.'"The nomads arc divided inta tribea headed by sheikh(SHAYKH). These feaders arc very powerful and shouldnomads cb;ksider themdvkp u equals A d h i d btt m t e d a s d

THE WO+LEWS

hqk, but by fwthe must M e w willmeet and we are bldem. ' t f t t s m a thnt they are fol-lawen af die religion hddby M a f i w d . Put you&bur$ rmat the ? d wdi*, for tbeh hh s do not m b i p Mdwnmd as &idam warshipChTist. ?'kg MEW WE ggdrAU&, gPld h I

t h e ~ e w b ~ k i a i t a r e ~ ~ .

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TheMaslembibIeisknowmastheKorandah&hilrmo worship in m y = (mosks). '6hq aremy devin their a d do pot like to haw ' ' w W s


10/27

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NO % isn'tw i .yo.prow7wag I . Yeur mwt is xn.&y.ouL a politid and dgimachurchathume,andyoukaowbowywwol3ddatl - *pats il-. By saing inmb y n r l lm d s nyme who W t e d or dcscaated your c h d , W p u Nazi propagandists who are trying to stirThtMdunsdacljiuitthtkway,phpse~en~ _ strondy. In fw their fading b u t hk h r t t i g i om is prcttemuch the same as ours tawad our religion, a l t h q hmarc intense. If anything, we ahodd respect the W e m s~ ~ m o r e f o r t h e h ~ B o f t h t i r d t v o t i o n .f\Thtrc ars four towns in Iraq which are p r t i c u l d ys a c r e d t a t h e I r a q i M o s i ~ T h e s e 9 x c K d ( I r t r - k -M), Ncjcf (NE-jd), Kadhimm (KAA-di-MAW) (nmr Baghdad), and Samarra. U d a you areo r d e r c d t a t h e s e t o w n s , i t i s a d ~ b l e t o ~ r a ywapfxomtbtm.It is a g d dea in a8y h i p m t r g to avoid any 'religious or @tical dhm#ims. This is cvea wtp in Iraq'thanmast -wits, k a u s c it h a p hat here

' atie M h t l m d v e s are divided into two &tiomsomething U e UT divisim inta G&&e and Fdehombtio- dan't put in your two cmts worthw h a I r a g i s a r g u c a b o o l t d i g b T h t a ~ d ~ ~a m ~ . Y w w o n * t h d p m a t m r a q b y ~ g ~p in them. .Mmmu, if you d i m


11/27

Ramadan, others arc colorfulMv&.OUwill be w k to respect the obxrvanced these holidays. The "EAI Eye". Many of tfie 'Iraqis believe in the "wil eye". This is a g w d dw l in their mi nds like putting a "hex" on a p s o n is to p p l e in parts of our country. Xf you stare at people, especially children, someone may tbink you arc the p s s e m r of an "evil eye", and are trying t~ put a curse on the p s a n you arc staring at . M ~ A r a ~ p q t d # & a t b~ Some of the Iraqis think that the fens of a camera is an g a d mmBtn, Hso&hUg h lqq i w + k p m,."evil eye*', and you will make enemies by taking &-up - Q f ~ ~ a ,snapshots and possibly wind up with a knife in your p ~ ~ * m m w m ~ L mback. General views or s t r a t scenes will c a w m Uou- b d d l k m ithThEmsfskitbluxccpt masques. Don't try to photograph mosques. Beggars ate not numerous in Iraq,Those youd see m *& "P-& wah nd watla!a dm3khKmlive maid? in the cities an d are mostiy professionals, and

' tZlebeAargnsEhr-ba*w&*d+it is not a geod idea to give them money. If you do ,& ~ ~ 1 , A h m ~ ~ ~word will spread to all the beggars in &c city that youare an easy mark. Of course, mme of them may be &-w i n g , and if you fed moved by their plight, give them-a little samething--but kttw b p r e p a d to repeat.' Bargaining in & shops and h z ar s s a great nationalJptimc. You will have to bargain for almost everythingyou buy. Tbc price &st quoted is usually onethird to T h e g d a n o r d r ~ l i k p r m ~twcthirds h i g h than what you should pay. In bargain7. ~ ~ g s a a d d a ~J n a ~ t o u s n & p r d r h k n n d b d k & h ting the important thing is not to hurry. A litdt h e r i g n 1 ~ d h e r o d r u n l .N 1 ~ @ ~ p ~ a L 8 , d u m & hhorse tradingwiltkry you a long way in this game. la'- wen b &a,


12/27

Pigs are"ao Mod-. So are dogs. Xf .youb a p p to haw a mascot dog, lx &&ly cardul to&p bim away from niosqucs.Modems rE o not let othu people see them nakad. Don o t & t e i n t h d r ~ c e . T t r e p & i t q w t t i n g a n dddifr t to see 0 t h p~op l edo it standingup. Thegc dingsmay seers trivial, But they are imporraar if you want toget along,4 with the Iraqis,MoslemWm@kMoslem w m m do not mingle M ywith men. The p t c r part of their time they s p d at

near than when they are-sionto liftk wil while at her. Look the o k


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g u l d alk to the f q i s in their own lapguaThtp will like it t.pen if your ptonuac iab is natm e as &&. They will be @1y p l e a d whenwc their phtc d u ~ A ~ n s not h wven if p not take taa much. &word%~hen~ouhearmeoft&lplspkhn~l', no matter how budIy-pa will u n h n d he plea

I ar desert. Ewn a sbpkeepe~may &r you a s d " they feel whm FOU speak tn them in theirbgusd cob. Do mt refwe it m rbrrrw it away half-d a f w w d s a r a t l e a x u n d e r s t1men if it dags not aste Nkc omr Ameriegnmat . If a r ea&red wand cup, take ir, andhath ird . B wlricb were dcdQpadIisNstomry t.rcfwc n hut&. , the British. &asiQdbamong the dhia ela

, F d ,TwEsh, and mt im e s Gcrmm arc &u1.mast of the Hagh& b s , FwhI js u n dP m Mau l w r dW TwJiiskandW i am hmH A T E AM. # l ~ A L 1 M I N I T A ~

C Q @ P I T I O C I SI R A Q i s a ~ ~ . T h h m t a a s : ~ p ~ n r b., m w ~ y ~ ~ i n ~ ~ u m m e r ~ ~ t- d i m a t e i t i s v q ~ ~ i c t p ~ t f k h d a n d.'Iothing af it. But next day you out rkdy towak- 1 t a i t h b l a e k M k r ~ d p s i b t e f e : v w . % h ~ i s s u Eto yw wiIJ he dcim t~ potat pat Bur whatever& r , b c r ~ h t i r a ~ e 3 r b t ~ a f p w n rd p ~ h c a t l . I y o u ~ ~ ~


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15/27

. ... ecLp art inviting sua.uole.Don't,any c i r m a e s , take a sun bath.In the desert, lx prepared fsr of

tempxature. The days are u e d h verp hot.The nights can be m d d yd

can't da this, sleep under nets and keep y o u armlegs covered, csp6tidy a t dusk.Typhoid is.mntrsaad from whited warn andraw f d which b e ot k e n prupedy h t d r p0- agah, avoid hem,. Boil pwr dfigkiag water & $ec tfaat it is pmpb Saqdfl i~s,which are m d k than w q u i t m anddolimted.Yw will &Id t adtiw d I&ill Iraq can get through an ordinary mosquitn mt, carry ad o a a t 9 m t b e d ~ ~ O f ~ ~ ~ ~ threeday kwt shicb is not &our but is vary wcweh.A v d eating u n w a s M vegetabk and fruits. Tbcy., may k conrambated by human excrement, Wash rawh i t s mdqctaMes ia wm rw dmM or* them'before rating them, beaause h e kim mhy hkve k m m m u u n i n a d & 3i& or by hmim cornact. Avoid leafe

v e g c d e g a l tagd ia . Keep a4W awaj fmn dies. I/-: Warb nd yptrotd uc tm wry seriousferns. You d d d wd again& &ern in c v q Weryblcway. W a is carried by s p d d a z k i d d mosquitowhich bred5 in ~ u p h y* - * . h ewdb a d kterns and in d d o * wt&m.H st dl ppihle, stay' a w a y h a m s i a w ~ ~ i s . ~ , W k u p u. 1-

ding.t is k n o w as sanddy fever. Sad& are aimaknt ia mi&wnmtr. Cgathg yaumlf Wirh a ligwill give yauwane pwcctiQd frbm &em.Y w hatil$ !x veq a d d abut hgs and lice,arc comma , Give puts& a kqumt c w e- w cr h r

Y Scabies is a skia infrdaq &wed by a para&M s on the thekia. k k exucrndy m a y h g and dita get rid d m r , $ ca n be wrcd by suo i n m t .J lntertinrl diamsc~, su+ as dp&ttry d t a m r m , vexy

' c m m P n i n I r a q , Wan lx avoidtd, w *

. k c m ade l m smm+kytxqemc w e id &a wa-te r you drink and thefood you cat. - ,


16/27

flrachmna, a very common disease of the eye, un btpicked up almost werywherc, even from shaking handswith someone and then touching your eyes. Don't rub artoutrb j0.W eyes.T&ts such as thox ih America are v q scarce. Youwill have to getd to relieving yourself outdwrsat myconvenient spot. Be sure to get well OBthe main streetsand well away from mosques, and out of sight as much

as possible. You d l ive to w r y your own supply oftoiler paper,There is a@ ded 'of venereal disease around, sodonattake &an-C U R R E N C Y , W E l G # l T L , M E A E U R E & , E T E .lw Cmmy. The raw d exchange of Iraqi mmey toUnited States currency map vary a linle fmm time to

time; so that the table blow can give only approximateratios. The h i s of Iraqi money is the "diaar" (DEE-NAHR) which b pughly worth $4.00 in United Statesmoney. Each dim^ is further divided +into r,om "fils"(filsor FI- Iis). The dinar is a papernore or bill; h e Hs pieces are coin.

9- The a p p r k t e v a l v of the v i -, m s bamimu~nsof Iraqi money'are given Mow.

T A B L E O F I R A Q C U R R E N C Y

IQ O Dinars.. .......................... S40a.QO xo D i m . . ......................... 40.24 5Dh a 1 s ............................ Z O . I O r Diaar ............................. 4" oa $4 Dinar (goo fils). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a. or Dinar (a50 fils). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.00

An easy m y to r e r n d m the values of the varioupieces is to think of each fils as king worth just aless than Jk cenr in U.S. m q .


17/27

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Th@Modm ,Calmdw, The Mosiem calendar b used inXrag. The main thingto know about'theW m alendaris that it is lunar, or b a d op he moon. Each of the rsmonths& only 28 days. This mans that tht Moslem

' y m s a little shorter than wr yar, so that a s ~ i a late,such as the fast of ofartmadan, will occur a littlc earliera h ear,Tim, There an t w ~ays of d i n g time in Iraq. ?heo f f i d system is tht "European systtrn." That is, a +hour clock, kgiming at midnight, instead.of a la-hourclod. So in railway timetables you ma9 see that a trainis scheduled to arrive' at 14 o'clock. That means at ap. rn. as we reckon rime. Or at 23 okfock, which is i rp. m. to us. q o'clack is midnight. However, most adthe caucitry,goes on the same 12-hour system u l ~ dinAmerica.WQMs and Mwwm. The metric system is u s ~ dor a ll&&aI nwsmme~p'csof distancc and area id Iraq. Theunit of Img& in the metric system is thc "me , "wKch is 39.37 inches, or a little mare than our yard. Theunit of raad distance is tk "kilometer,'' which is xmmeters or (a 1ittl.c aver one-half) of one of our m kThe metric unit of square mtasurc is rhe "hectare"(HECK--), which consists of I O , ~squaremctus, orabout 2% of our acres.h Iraqi uni~of square m m m

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am) or * M a r a h j&HISM-w)ooquare&rs or a little less t k 3

'Thewit of wiight in the mrpric qsrcm is thc'a"hich equals a 3 pounds in our system.tb t metric 'system sfi measured by

is. a little more than one of our quart, i o n c t rw rou rAnr rro*,s Ano D O M ~, .y I .

Keep away from mosques.dJ , . h o k e or spit somewhere d-ever in hont

que, keep moving (away)Keep siLnt when the Moslem are prayipg (which.dafive tima a day) and don't stare.D i w oslctburg ~ I c N EVER religionor politi

'fiwomcr+with Mdun s .2 kmun~he of the "evil eye: ~ o n * tta' aqyonc.Don't point your camera in angone's fact:*. Avoid offering opinion^ on jnternal politics. ..Shakehands with the Iraqi; otherwise don't touch t

Remembtr hat the Iraqi are a very modwt people*mid any cxpmre ofthe M y in their presence.


18/27

Kttp out of'thc sun whenever yo u can. W hm y wcan't, keep your head andd c a v e d . -Start eating only after your host has begun.

[/ Eat with your right hand-mvet with your left, WCIIif you art a southpaw.Always teat bread with your fingermma cm i t F2Jd~rndo the ~ u n ss MY.h * t ma, q p f it a b u t or let it fall on the ground. J I ~ partofc i t y e a r m ~ ~ & more d g . Tn tbc -try k v e same f d a the b w h b n t you leave goes w the women a d r n - Don't offu Moslems f a d amtahing pork, b o a , or M , m cooked in p k rod-. All eueh fm d is reli-giously "&an" to them,

b' h n ' t eat pork or park kms. PI-t if M;wiuns =fuse t~ a t mea Don't a&r Aaoskrws ibhk thiinb.

m m h e r ~ w in the prescnat of MaJcm. K n d kfm patering private b o w . If a womala answers, wait until shc has had timt to retire.

Always mpect the U l e m women. Don't stathem. Don't sm k at.h e m . Don3 t k o them ar fo

s, it means t m UIn a house or tent, f o h he d e f ~ Q L Uhast.tPkesdl his shoes on entering, do thr m e .If you are r e q u i d to sit an he flQar in an Iraqi h

or tent, cross your legs while doing so.When visiting, don't overstay pour d c m c . Thca~ mp leave un~asp

If you should see grown men walking band irr hignore it. They are not "queer."B e kind and considerate to servants. The Imqis

of race prejudice. The pto the peoph. Nomatter

Shake h d s anmeetingand leaving.O n m d n g an Iraqi, be sure tcr inquire afterhis heIf you wish to give someone a present, make it sw

you are stationed ia the corntry, it is a goad dsweets and cigarem with ym when you visi

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19/27

$how respect w a r d ail ddu ZIS. ff r whgl&ldest%son sbpuld be &ad first.Be polite. Good inamen arc important thc Iraqis.Be hospitable.Bar& on prices. Don't Iet shopkeepers or mereha&overcharge you; but bE polite, and phrases givennot included in tBe generouswith your cigarettes,Above an, use wmmm sense on dI occasions.And re-member that every American soldier is an uuo&d ath-basaador of god wilt.

r wm of thF sounh y w 1411 hear, but it wp enough togct by on,both listening and speaki


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LW c w m ~ f t W ~ f P l E S t ~ h I p ~ p ~ ~ :r. Accmrs. YQUknow what the atmad.@able &a w a r d h o f ~ I tisthe syllablew h i c h ~ s ~ ~ t h a n . t h o t h c r s y ~ i n r h e s a m t w r d .WewiU&m yoax: l i mnkg ''plqd'.) acumreb'(l&d) ~b~ in eapiul Ietters aad un- t r l tgd * w c w in - m k US syllables in smali letters. 3. VoIMCdb. These arc the &s of sorinds we rc-

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For " t w m r g ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ,Wry-twon and w kd , you put t b gb & e t b a ~ f w ~ " p n d " * 1 1 1 * ~ m

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