iron deficiency anemia
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Iron deficiency anemia](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042817/55a6eff21a28ab725e8b45a8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Iron deficiency anemia
![Page 2: Iron deficiency anemia](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042817/55a6eff21a28ab725e8b45a8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
It is by mass the most common element on Earth, forming
much of Earth's outer and inner core.
It is the fourth most common element on earth crust.
![Page 3: Iron deficiency anemia](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042817/55a6eff21a28ab725e8b45a8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Iron distribution (total -3-4g)
Hb -2.5g
Myoglobin and enzymes –
0.5g
Transferrin 0.003g
Iron stores 0.6 – 1 g
![Page 4: Iron deficiency anemia](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042817/55a6eff21a28ab725e8b45a8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Incidence of anemia in Urban children is 71% and in rural is
84% and overall is 79% (NFHS-3)
![Page 5: Iron deficiency anemia](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042817/55a6eff21a28ab725e8b45a8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Anemia
Anemia is present when the Hb level in the blood is 2 SD
below the mean for particular age and sex
![Page 6: Iron deficiency anemia](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042817/55a6eff21a28ab725e8b45a8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Globally, anemia affects 1.62 billion people , which
corresponds to 24.8% of the population
The highest prevalence is in preschool-age children
(47.4%)and the lowest prevalence is in men (12.7%)
However, the population group with the greatest number
of individuals affected is non-pregnant women (468.4
million)
![Page 7: Iron deficiency anemia](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042817/55a6eff21a28ab725e8b45a8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Iron deficiency anemia](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042817/55a6eff21a28ab725e8b45a8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Iron deficiency anemia](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042817/55a6eff21a28ab725e8b45a8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Iron deficiency anemia](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042817/55a6eff21a28ab725e8b45a8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Iron deficiency anemia](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042817/55a6eff21a28ab725e8b45a8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Iron deficiency anemia](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042817/55a6eff21a28ab725e8b45a8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Iron deficiency anemia](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042817/55a6eff21a28ab725e8b45a8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Iron metabolism
![Page 14: Iron deficiency anemia](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042817/55a6eff21a28ab725e8b45a8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Iron deficiency anemia](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042817/55a6eff21a28ab725e8b45a8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Iron deficiency anemia](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042817/55a6eff21a28ab725e8b45a8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Iron deficiency anemia](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042817/55a6eff21a28ab725e8b45a8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Iron deficiency anemia](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042817/55a6eff21a28ab725e8b45a8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Iron deficiency anemia](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042817/55a6eff21a28ab725e8b45a8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
haem iron, present in meat, poultry, fish, and seafood;
ascorbic acid or vitamin C, present in fruits, juices,
potatoes and some other tubers, and other vegetables
such as green leaves, cauliflower, and cabbage; and
some fermented or germinated food and condiments,
such as sauerkraut and soy sauce (note that cooking,
fermentation, or germination of food reduces the amount
of phytates).
![Page 20: Iron deficiency anemia](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042817/55a6eff21a28ab725e8b45a8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
xamples of simple but effective alterations in meal patterns that
enhance iron absorption might include:
separate tea drinking from mealtime - one or two hours later,
the tea will not inhibit iron absorption because most of the food
will have left the stomach;
include in the meal fruit juices such as orange juice, or another
source of ascorbic acid such as tubers, cabbage, carrots,
or cauliflower;
consume milk, cheese, and other dairy products as
a between-meal snack, rather than at mealtime; and
consume foods containing inhibitors at meals lowest
in iron content, e.g. a breakfast of a low-iron cereal
(bread or corn tortilla) consumed with tea or milk products;
this meal pattern can provide adequate calcium without
hampering iron nutrition.
Other
![Page 21: Iron deficiency anemia](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042817/55a6eff21a28ab725e8b45a8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
parasitic disease control programmes, in
particular those
directed to hookworm, schistosomiasis and malaria control;
these programmes can enhance iron deficiency anaemia
control programme effectiveness in a population with
moderate to severe levels of infection; and
incentive policies and improved farming systems that favour
the development, availability, distribution, and use of foods
that enhance iron absorption.
51
![Page 22: Iron deficiency anemia](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042817/55a6eff21a28ab725e8b45a8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Iron deficiency anemia](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042817/55a6eff21a28ab725e8b45a8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
malaria prophylaxis;
hookworm control;
immunization;
environmental health;
control of micronutrient malnutrition; and
community-based primary health care.
![Page 24: Iron deficiency anemia](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042817/55a6eff21a28ab725e8b45a8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Iron deficiency anemia](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042817/55a6eff21a28ab725e8b45a8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Iron deficiency anemia](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042817/55a6eff21a28ab725e8b45a8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Iron deficiency anemia](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042817/55a6eff21a28ab725e8b45a8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Inhibitors of iron absorption include:
phytates, present in cereal bran, cereal grains,
high-extraction flour, legumes, nuts, and seeds;
food with high inositol content;
iron-binding phenolic compounds (tannins); foods
that contain the most potent inhibitors resistant to
the influence of enhancers include tea, coffee,
cocoa, herbal infusions in general, certain spices
(e.g. oregano), and some vegetables; and
calcium, particularly from milk and milk products.
50